Author: claimsbot

1. A multi-port register file memory, the memory comprising:
at least one storage element;
at least one read port coupled to said storage element; and
a differential sensing device coupled to at least said read port and adapted to sense a predefined voltage swing.
2. The register file memory of claim 1, wherein the register file memory operates asynchronously.
3. The register file memory of claim 1, wherein the register file memory operates synchronously.
4. The register file memory of claim 1, wherein said voltage swing is at least a portion of the total voltage supply.
5. The register file memory of claim 4, where said voltage swing is about 100 millivolts typically.
6. The register file memory of claim 1, wherein said voltage swing is defined relative to a top rail of a voltage supply.
7. The register file memory of claim 1, wherein said differential sensing device is a two-stage analog-style sense amplifier.
8. The register file memory of claim 7, wherein said two-stage analog-style sense amplifier includes at least one amplifier enhancing device.
9. The register file memory of claim 7, wherein said two-stage analog-style sense amplifier includes at least one trip-level-shifted inverter device.
10. The register file memory of claim 7, wherein said two-stage analog-style sense amplifier includes at least one power switch device adapted to turn off power to said two-stage analog-style sense amplifier.
11. The register file memory of claim 7, wherein said two-stage analog-style sense amplifier includes a voltage reference device.
12. The register file memory of claim 1, wherein said read port comprises a pair of transistors, wherein at least one transistor of said pair is larger with respect to another transistor of said pair.
13. A multi-port register file memory adapted to be used in applications where a power supply of less than about 1.08 volts occurs, the memory comprising:
at least one memory cell;
a differential sensing circuit adapted to sense a small voltage swing;
a voltage reference device coupled to said differential sensing circuit; and
a latched output coupled to differential sensing device.
14. The memory device of claim 13, wherein said memory cell includes at least one storage element.
15. The memory device of claim 13, wherein said memory cell further includes two read port pairs coupled to said storage element.
16. The memory device of claim 15, wherein each of said read port pairs includes two transistors of different sizes.
17. The memory device of claim 13, wherein said differential sensing circuit includes two amplifier enhancing devices.
18. The memory device of claim 13 including more than one write port.
19. The memory device of claim 13 including more than one read port.
20. A multi-port register file memory adapted to be used in applications where a power supply of less than about 1.08 volts occurs, the memory comprising:
a plurality of storage elements arranged in a plurality of rows and columns;
at least one read port and one write port coupled to each of said storage elements;
a differential sensing device adapted to sense a small voltage swing;
a voltage reference device coupled to said differential sensing device; and
a latched output circuit coupled to differential sensing device.
21. A multi-port register file memory, the memory comprising:
a plurality of storage elements arranged in rows and columns;
means for selecting one of said storage elements; and
means for differentially sensing a small bitline voltage swing.
22. A method for improving speed and increasing performance in a multi-port register file memory having a plurality of storage elements, the method comprising:
selecting at least one of the storage elements; and
differentially sensing a small voltage swing.
23. A method for reading data stored in a multi-port register file memory having a plurality of storage elements arranged in rows and columns, the method comprising:
selecting one of the storage elements;
flowing a current through at least one transistor of the memory cell in the selected storage element;
causing an output of a sense amplifier connected to at least one said selected memory cells to switch accessed data to full CMOS logic levels.

The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.

What is claimed is:

1. A speaker for an electronic instrument comprising:
a lower frame assembly comprising a lower frame provided with a yoke, a permanent magnet secured to the yoke, and a top plate secured to the permanent magnet;
an upper frame assembly comprising an upper frame provided with a diaphragm secured to the upper frame, and a voice coil secured to the diaphragm and disposed in a magnetic gap between the yoke and the top plate, wherein
a plurality of grooves are formed in a peripheral wall of the lower frame;
a plurality of engaging portions are formed on the upper frame, corresponding to the grooves of the lower frame;
each of the engaging portions comprises an engaging plate and a hook formed at an end of the engaging plate.
2. The speaker according to claim 1 wherein each of the engaging portions comprises an elastic engaging plate axially projected from an underside of the upper frame, and a hook formed at an end of the elastic engaging plate so as to be engaged with an underside of the lower frame.

1. A naphthopyran represented by the following graphic formula:
wherein,
(a) R1 is represented by:
(i) \u2014SR7, R7 being chosen from C1-C6 alkyl, aryl, mono- or di-substituted aryl, said aryl group being phenyl or naphthyl and each of said aryl substitutents being chosen independently from C1-C6 alkyl, C1-C6 alkoxy or halogen;
(ii) \u2014N(R15)R16, R15 and R16 each being independently chosen from hydrogen, C1-C8 alkyl, aryl, furanyl, benzofuran-2-yl, benzofuran-3-yl, thienyl, benzothien-2-yl, benzothien-3-yl, dibenzofuranyl, dibenzothienyl, benzopyridyl, fluorenyl, C1-C8 alkylaryl, C3-C20 cycloalkyl, C4-C20 bicycloalkyl, C5-C20 tricycloalkyl or C1-C20 alkoxyalkyl and said aryl group being phenyl or naphthyl;
(iii) a nitrogen containing ring represented by the following graphic formula:
wherein each Y being independently chosen for each occurrence from \u2014CH2\u2014, \u2014CH(R17)\u2014, \u2014C(R17) (R17)\u2014, \u2014CH(aryl)\u2014, \u2014C(aryl)2\u2014 or \u2014C(R17) (aryl)\u2014; X being \u2014Y\u2014, \u2014O\u2014, \u2014S\u2014, \u2014S(O)\u2014, \u2014S(O2)\u2014, \u2014NH\u2014, \u2014N(R17)\u2014 or \u2014N(aryl)\u2014; R17 being C1-C6 alkyl; said aryl group being phenyl or naphthyl, m being chosen from the integer 1, 2 or 3 and p being chosen from the integer 0, 1, 2 or 3; provided that when p is 0, X is Y;

(iv) a group represented by one of the following graphic formulae:
wherein each R19, R20 and R21 being chosen independently for each occurrence in each formula from hydrogen, C1-C5 alkyl, phenyl or naphthyl; or the groups R19 and R20 together form a ring of 5 to 8 carbon atoms; R18 being chosen independently for each occurrence from C1-C6 alkyl, C1-C6 alkoxy, fluoro or chloro and n being chosen from the integer 0, 1 or 2;

(v) unsubstituted, mono- or di-substituted C4-C18 spirobicyclic amine; or
(vi) unsubstituted, mono- or di-substituted C4-C18 spirotricyclic amine; said substituents for (v) and (vi) being independently chosen for each occurrence from aryl, C1-C6 alkyl, C1-6 alkoxy or phenyl(C1-C6)alkyl;

(b) R1\u2032 is independently chosen for each occurrence from C1-C6 alkyl or C1-C6 alkoxy and n being chosen from the integer 0, 1 or 2;
(c) R2 and R3 are each independently chosen from:
(i) hydrogen, hydroxy, amino, mono- or di-substituted amino, C1-C12 alkyl, C3-C12 alkylidene, C2-C12 alkylidyne, vinyl, C3-C7 cycloalkyl, C1-C6 aloalkyl, allyl, benzyl, mono-substituted benzyl, chloro, fluoro or \u2014C(O)W, wherein W being hydroxy, C1-C6 alkyl, C1-C6 alkoxy, phenyl, mono-substituted phenyl, amino, mono(C1-C6)alkylamino, di(C1-C6)alkylamino, morpholino, piperidino or pyrrolidyl; said amino substituents being C1-C6 alkyl, phenyl, benzyl or naphthyl; each of said benzyl and phenyl substituents being C1-C6 alkyl or C1-C6 alkoxy;
(ii) an unsubstituted, mono- di- or tri-substituted group chosen from phenyl, naphthyl, phenanthryl, pyrenyl, quinolyl, isoquinolyl, benzofuranyl, thienyl, benzothienyl, dibenzofuranyl, dibenzothienyl, carbazolyl or indolyl; each of said group substituents in (c) (ii) being chosen independently for each occurrence from chloro, fluoro, C1-C6 alkyl or C1-C6 alkoxy;
(iii) a monosubstituted phenyl, said phenyl having a substituent located at the para position being \u2014(CH2)t\u2014 or \u2014O\u2014(CH2)t\u2014, connected to an aryl group which is a member of another photochromic material, and t being chosen from the integer 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6;
(iv) \u2014OR8, R8 being chosen from C1-C6 alkyl, C1-C6 acyl, phenyl(C1-C3)alkyl, mono(C1-C6)alkyl substituted phenyl(C1-C3)alkyl, mono(C1-C6)alkoxy substituted phenyl(C1-C3)alkyl, C1-C6 alkoxy(C2-C4)alkyl, C3-C7 cycloalkyl, mono(C1-C4)alkyl substituted C3-C7 cycloalkyl, C1-C6 chloroalkyl, C1-C6 fluoroalkyl, allyl, tri(C1-C6)alkylsilyl, tri(C1-C6)alkoxysilyl, di(C1-C6)alkyl (C1-C6)alkoxysilyl, di(C1-C6)alkoxy(C1-C6)alkylsilyl, benzoyl, mono-substituted benzoyl, naphthoyl or mono-substituted naphthoyl; each of said benzoyl and naphthoyl substituents being independently chosen from C1-C6 alkyl or C1-C6 alkoxy; or R8 being \u2014CH(R9)Q, wherein R9 being chosen from hydrogen or C1-C3 alkyl and Q being chosen from \u2014CN, \u2014CF3, or \u2014COOR10 and R10 being chosen from hydrogen or C1-C3 alkyl; or R8 being \u2014C(O)V, wherein V being chosen from hydrogen, C1-C6 alkoxy, phenoxy, mono- or di-(C1-C6)alkyl substituted phenoxy, mono- or di-(C1-C6)alkoxy substituted phenoxy, an unsubstituted, mono- or di-substituted aryl group, phenyl or naphthyl, amino, mono(C1-C6)alkylamino, di(C1-C6)alkylamino, phenylamino, mono- or di-(C1-C6)alkyl substituted phenylamino, or mono- or di-(C1-C6)alkoxy substituted phenylamino; each of said aryl group substituents being independently chosen from C1-C6 alkyl or C1-C6 alkoxy;
(v) \u2014CH(Q\u2032)2, Q\u2032 being chosen from \u2014CN or \u2014COOR11 and R11 being chosen from hydrogen, C1-C6 alkyl, phenyl(C1-C3)alkyl, mono(C1-C6)alkyl substituted phenyl(C1-C3)alkyl, mono(C1-C6)alkoxy substituted phenyl(C1-C3)alkyl or an unsubstituted, mono- or di-substituted aryl group, phenyl or naphthyl; each of said aryl group substituents being independently chosen from C1-C6 alkyl or C1-C6 alkoxy;
(vi) \u2014CH(R12)G, R12 being chosen from hydrogen, C1-C6 alkyl or an unsubstituted, mono- or di-substituted aryl group, phenyl or naphthyl, and G being chosen from \u2014COOR11, \u2014COR13 or \u2014CH2OR14, wherein R13 being chosen from hydrogen, C1-C6 alkyl, an unsubstituted, mono- or di-substituted aryl group, phenyl or naphthyl, amino, mono(C1-C6)alkylamino, di(C1-C6)alkylamino, phenylamino, mono- or di-(C1-C6)alkyl substituted phenylamino, mono- or di-(C1-C6)alkoxy substituted phenylamino, diphenylamino, mono- or di(C1-C6)alkyl substituted diphenylamino, mono- or di(C1-C6)alkoxy substituted diphenylamino, morpholino or piperidino R14 being chosen from hydrogen, \u2014C(O)R11, C1-C6 alkyl, C1-C3 alkoxy(C1-C6)alkyl, phenyl(C1-C3)alkyl, mono(C1-C6)alkoxy substituted phenyl(C1-C3)alkyl or an unsubstituted, mono- or di-substituted aryl group, phenyl or naphthyl, each of said aryl group substituents being independently chosen from C1-C6 alkyl or C1-C6 alkoxy; or
(vii) the group T represented by the formula:
\u2014Z(OC2H4)x(OC3H6)y(OC4H8)zZ\u2032
\u2014(OC2H4)x(OC3H6)y(OC4H8)zZ\u2032
wherein \u2014Z being chosen from \u2014C(O)\u2014 or \u2014CH2\u2014, Z\u2032 being chosen from C1-C3 alkoxy or a polymerizable group, x, y and z each being independently chosen from a number between 0 and 50, and the sum of x, y and z being between 2 and 50;
(d) R4 is chosen from hydrogen, C1-C6 alkyl or the group Ra chosen from:
(i) \u2014OR8\u2032, R8\u2032 being chosen from phenyl(C1-C3)alkyl, C1-C6 alkyl, mono(C1-C6)alkyl substituted phenyl(C1-C3)alkyl, mono(C1-C6)alkoxy substituted phenyl(C1-C3)alkyl, C1-C6 alkoxy(C2-C4)alkyl, C3-C7 cycloalkyl, mono(C1-C4)alkyl substituted C3-C7 cycloalkyl, C1-C6 chloroalkyl, C1-C6 fluoroalkyl, allyl or \u2014CH(R9)Q, R9 being chosen from hydrogen or C1-C3 alkyl; or
(ii) a group chosen from:
(1) \u2014N(R15)R16 wherein R15 and R16 being the same as described hereinbefore in (a) (ii);
(2) a nitrogen containing ring represented by the following graphic formula:
wherein Y, X, m and p being the same as described hereinbefore in (a) (iii); or
(3) a group represented by the following graphic formulae:
wherein R18, R19, R20, R21 and n being the same as described hereinbefore in (a) (iv);
(e) R5 is chosen from hydrogen, C1-C6 alkyl or Ra, said Ra being the same as described hereinbefore in (d);
(f) R6 is chosen from hydrogen, C1-C6 alkyl or Ra, said Ra being the same as described hereinbefore in (d); or
(g) R5 and R6 together form one of the following graphic formulae:
wherein J and K being independently chosen for each occurrence in each formula from oxygen or \u2014N(R15)\u2014, R15 being the same as described hereinbefore in (a) (ii), R19 and R20 each being the same as described hereinbefore in (a) (iv);
(h) B and B\u2032 are each independently chosen from:
(i) mono-T-substituted phenyl;
(ii) an unsubstituted, mono-, di-, or tri-substituted aryl group, phenyl or naphthyl;
(iii) 9-julolidinyl or the unsubstituted, mono- or di-substituted heteroaromatic group chosen from pyridyl furanyl, benzofuran-2-yl, benzofuran-3-yl, thienyl, benzothien-2-yl, benzothien-3-yl, dibenzofuranyl, dibenzothienyl, carbazoyl, benzopyridyl, indolinyl or fluorenyl, each of said aryl and heteroaromatic substituents in (h) (ii) and (iii) being independently chosen from hydroxy, \u2014C(O)W, described hereinbefore in (c) (i), aryl, mono(C1-C6)alkoxyaryl, di(C1-C6)alkoxyaryl, mono(C1-C6)alkylaryl, di(C1-C6)alkylaryl, chloroaryl, fluoroaryl, C3-C7 cycloalkylaryl, C3-C7 cycloalkyl, C3-C7 cycloalkyloxy, C3-C7 cycloalkyloxy(C1-C6)alkyl, C3-C7 cycloalkyloxy(C1-C6)alkoxy, aryl(C1-C6)alkyl, aryl(C1-C6)alkoxy, aryloxy, aryloxy(C1-C6)alkyl, aryloxy(C1-C6)alkoxy, mono- or di-(C1-C6)alkylaryl(C1-C6)alkyl, mono- or di-(C1-C6)alkoxyaryl(C1-C6)alkyl, mono- or di-(C1-C6)alkylaryl(C1-C6)alkoxy, mono- or di-(C1-C6)alkoxyaryl(C1-C6)alkoxy, amino, mono(C1-C6)alkylamino, di(C1-C6)alkylamino, diarylamino, piperazino, N\u2014(C1-C6)alkylpiperazino, N-arylpiperazino, aziridino, indolino, piperidino, morpholino, thiomorpholino, tetrahydroquinolino, tetrahydroisoquinolino, pyrrolidyl, C1-C6 alkyl, C1-C6 chloroalkyl, C1-C6 fluoroalkyl, C1-C6 alkoxy, mono(C1-C6)alkoxy(C1-C4)alkyl, acryloxy, methacryloxy, bromo, chloro or fluoro, said aryl being chosen from phenyl or naphthyl;
(iv) an unsubstituted or mono-substituted group chosen from pyrazolyl, imidazolyl, pyrazolinyl, imidazolinyl, pyrrolinyl, phenothiazinyl, phenoxazinyl, phenazinyl or acridinyl, each of said substituents being independently chosen from C1-C6 alkyl, C1-C6 alkoxy, phenyl, fluoro, chloro or bromo;
(v) mono-substituted phenyl, said phenyl having a substituent located at the para position as described hereinbefore in (c) (iii);
(vi) a group represented by one of the following graphic formulae:
wherein A being independently chosen in each formula from methylene or oxygen and D being independently chosen in each formula from oxygen or substituted nitrogen, provided that when D is substituted nitrogen, A is methylene; said nitrogen substituents being chosen from hydrogen, C1-C6 alkyl, or C2-C6 acyl; each R24 being independently chosen for each occurrence in each formula from C1-C6 alkyl, C1-C6 alkoxy, hydroxy, chloro or fluoro; R22 and R23 each being independently chosen in each formula from hydrogen or C1-C6 alkyl; and q being chosen from the integer 0, 1 or 2;

(vii) C1-C6 alkyl, C1-C6 chloroalkyl, C1-C6 fluoroalkyl, C1-C6 alkoxy(C1-C4)alkyl, C3-C6 cycloalkyl, mono(C1-C6)alkoxy(C3-C6)cycloalkyl, mono(C1-C6)alkyl(C3-C6)-cycloalkyl, chloro(C3-C6)cycloalkyl, fluoro(C3-C6)cyclo-alkyl or C4-C12 bicycloalkyl;
(viii) a group represented by the following graphic formula:
wherein L being chosen from hydrogen or C1-C4 alkyl and M being chosen from an unsubstituted, mono-, or di-substituted group chosen from naphthyl, phenyl, furanyl, or thienyl; each of said group substituents being independently chosen from C1-C4 alkyl, C1-C4 alkoxy, fluoro, or chloro; or
(ix) B and B\u2032 taken together form fluoren-9-ylidene, mono-, or di-substituted fluoren-9-ylidene or a group being independently chosen from saturated C3-C12 spiro-monocyclic hydrocarbon rings, saturated C7-C12 spiro-bicyclic hydrocarbon rings or saturated C7-C12 spiro-tricyclic hydrocarbon rings; each of said fluoren-9-ylidene substituents being independently chosen from C1-C4 alkyl, C1-C4 alkoxy, fluoro or chloro, provided that said napthopyran is substantially free of spiro-substituents at the 13-position.
2. The naphthopyran of claim 1 wherein:
(a) R1 is represented by:
(i) \u2014SR7, R7 being chosen from C1-C6 alkyl or aryl, said aryl group being phenyl;
(ii) \u2014N(R15)R16, R15 and R16 each being independently chosen from hydrogen, C1-C6 alkyl, phenyl or C3-C20 cycloalkyl;
(iii) a nitrogen containing ring represented by the following graphic formula:
wherein each Y being \u2014CH2\u2014 and X being independently chosen from \u2014Y\u2014, \u2014O\u2014, \u2014S\u2014, \u2014N(R17)\u2014 or \u2014N(phenyl)\u2014, R17 being C1-C6 alkyl, m being chosen from the integer 1, 2 or 3, and p being chosen from the integer 0, 1, 2 or 3;

(iv) a group represented by one of the following graphic formulae:
wherein R19, R20 and R21 each being independently chosen from hydrogen, C1-C5 alkyl or phenyl, R18 being independently chosen from hydrogen, C1-C4 alkyl, C1-4 alkoxy, fluoro or chloro and n being chosen from the integer 0 or 1;

(v) unsubstituted or mono-substituted C5-C18 spirobicyclic amine; or
(viii) unsubstituted or mono-substituted C5-C18 spirotricyclic amine;

(b) R1\u2032 being independently chosen from C1-C4 alkyl or C1-C4 alkoxy and n being chosen from the integer 0 or 1;
(c) R2 and R3 each being independently chosen from:
(i) hydrogen, hydroxy, C3-C7 cycloalkyl, allyl, benzyl or the group, \u2014C(O)W, wherein W being C1-C6 alkyl or C1-C6 alkoxy;
(ii) an unsubstituted or mono-substituted phenyl, said substituent being chosen from chloro, fluoro, C1-C4 alkyl or C1-C4 alkoxy;
(iii)a mono-substituted phenyl, having a substituent located at the para position that is \u2014(CH2)t\u2014 or \u2014O\u2014(CH2)t\u2014, wherein t being chosen from the integer 2 or 3, connected to an aryl group which is a member of another photochromic naphthopyran;
(iv) \u2014OR8, R8 being chosen from C1-C6 alkyl, C1-C6 acyl or phenyl(C1-C3)alkyl; or R8 being the group \u2014CH(R9)Q, wherein R9 being hydrogen and Q being \u2014COOR10, R10 being C1-C3 alkyl, or R8 being the group, \u2014C(O)V, wherein V being C1-C6 alkoxy;
(v) \u2014CH(Q\u2032)2, Q\u2032 being \u2014COOR11, wherein R11 being C1-C6 alkyl;
(vi) \u2014CH(R12)G, R12 being hydrogen or C1-C6 alkyl; G being \u2014COOR11 or \u2014CH2OR14, wherein R14 being hydrogen, C1-C6 alkyl, or C1-C3 alkoxy(C1-C6)alkyl; or
(vii) the group T represented by the formula:
\u2014Z(OC2H4)x(OC3H6)y(OC4H8)zZ\u2032
wherein \u2014Z being \u2014CH2\u2014, Z\u2032 being C1-C3 alkoxy or a polymerizable group, x, y and z each being independently chosen from a number between 0 and 30, and the sum of x, y and z being between 2 and 30;
(d) R4 being hydrogen, C1-C6 alkyl or Ra, said Ra being chosen from:
(i) \u2014OR8\u2032, R8\u2032 being phenyl(C1-C3)alkyl or C1-C6 alkyl;
(ii) \u2014N(R15)R16, R15 and R16 each being the same as described hereinbefore in (a) (ii);
(iii) a nitrogen containing ring represented by the following graphic formula:
wherein each Y being \u2014CH2\u2014, and X being independently chosen from \u2014Y\u2014, \u2014O\u2014, \u2014S\u2014, \u2014NH\u2014, \u2014N(R17)\u2014 or \u2014N(aryl)\u2014, wherein R17 is C1-C6 alkyl, said aryl being chosen from phenyl or naphthyl, m being chosen from the integer 1, 2 or 3, and p being chosen from the integer 0, 1, 2 or 3 provided that when p is 0, X is Y; or

(iv) a group represented by one of the following graphic formulae:
wherein R19, R20 and R21 each being independently chosen from hydrogen, C1-C5 alkyl or phenyl;
(e) R5 being chosen from hydrogen, C1-C4 alkyl or Ra, said Ra being described hereinbefore in (d);
(f) R6 being chosen from hydrogen, C1-C4 alkyl or Ra, said Ra being described hereinbefore in (d); or
(g) R5 and R6 together form one of the following graphic formula:
wherein J and K each being oxygen; and R19 and R20 being the same as described hereinbefore in (d) (iv);
(h) B and B\u2032 each being independently chosen from:
(i) mono-T-substituted phenyl;
(ii) an unsubstituted, mono-, di-, or tri-substituted aryl group, said aryl being phenyl or naphthyl;
(iii) 9-julolidinyl or the unsubstituted, mono- or di-substituted heteroaromatic group chosen from pyridyl, benzofuran-2-yl, benzofuran-3-yl, thienyl, benzothien-2-yl, benzothien-3-yl, dibenzofuranyl, dibenzothienyl, or carbazoyl, each of said aryl and heteroaromatic substituents in (h) (ii) and (iii) being independently chosen from hydroxy, C3-C7 cycloalkyl, C3-C7 cycloalkyloxy, aryl(C1-C6)alkyl, aryloxy, aryloxy(C1-C6)alkoxy, amino, mono(C1-C6)alkylamino, di(C1-C6)alkylamino, diarylamino, piperazino, N-arylpiperazino, indolino, piperidino, morpholino, thiomorpholino, pyrrolidyl, C1-C6 alkyl, C1-C6 alkoxy or fluoro;
(iv) an unsubstituted or mono-substituted group chosen from phenothiazinyl or phenoxazinyl, each of said substituents being independently chosen from C1-C6 alkyl or C1-C6 alkoxy;
(v) a monosubstituted phenyl, said phenyl having a substituent at the para position as described hereinbefore in (c) (iii);
(vi) a group represented by one of the following graphic formulae:
wherein A being independently chosen in each formula from methylene or oxygen and D being independently chosen in each formula from oxygen or substituted nitrogen, provided that when D is substituted nitrogen, A is methylene, said nitrogen substituents being chosen from hydrogen or C1-C4 alkyl; each R24 being C1-C4 alkyl; R22 and R23 each being hydrogen; and q being the integer 0, 1 or 2;

(vii) C1-C6 alkyl, C3-C6 cycloalkyl or C4-C12 bicycloalkyl;
(viii) a group represented by the following graphic formula:
wherein L being chosen from hydrogen or C1-C4 alkyl and M being chosen from an unsubstituted, mono-, or di-substituted phenyl; each of said phenyl substituents being independently chosen from C1-C4 alkyl or C1-C4 alkoxy; or
(ix) B and B\u2032 taken together form fluoren-9-ylidene or mono-substituted fluoren-9-ylidene or a group being independently chosen from saturated C3-C12 spiro-monocyclic hydrocarbon rings, saturated C7-C12 spiro-bicyclic hydrocarbon rings or saturated C7-C12 spiro-tricyclic hydrocarbon rings; said fluoren-9-ylidene substituent being chosen from C1-C4 alkyl or C1-C4 alkoxy.
3. The naphthopyran of claim 2 wherein:
(a) R1 is represented by:
(i) \u2014N(R15)R16, R15 and R16 each being independently chosen from C1-C4 alkyl or phenyl;
(ii) a nitrogen containing ring represented by the following graphic formula:
wherein each Y for each occurrence being \u2014CH2\u2014 and X being independently chosen from \u2014Y\u2014, \u2014O\u2014, or \u2014N(R17)\u2014, R17 being C1-C4 alkyl, m being chosen from the integer 1 or 2, and p being chosen from the integer 0, 1 or 2; or

(iii) a group represented by the following graphic formulae:
wherein R19, R20, and R21 each being hydrogen and n is 0;
(b) R1\u2032, being C1-C2 alkyl or C1-C3 alkoxy;
(c) R2 and R3 each being independently chosen from:
(i) hydrogen, hydroxy or C3-C7 cycloalkyl;
(ii) phenyl or mono-(C1-C4 alkoxy) substituted phenyl;
(iii) a mono-substituted phenyl, having a substituent located at the para position being \u2014O\u2014(CH2)t\u2014, t being chosen from the integer 2 or 3, connected to an aryl group being a member of another photochromic naphthopyran;
(iv) \u2014OR8, R8 being C1-C6 alkyl or \u2014CH(R9)Q, R9 being hydrogen, Q being \u2014COOR10, and R10 being C1-C3 alkyl;
(v) \u2014CH(R12)G, R12 being hydrogen; G being \u2014COOR11, wherein R10 being C1-C6 alkyl or C1-C3 alkoxy(C1-C6)alkyl; or
(vi) the group T represented by the formula:
\u2014Z(OC2H4)x(OC3H6)y(OC4H8)zZ\u2032
wherein \u2014Z being \u2014CH2\u2014, Z\u2032 being C1-C3 alkoxy, x, y and z each being independently chosen from a number between 0 and 20, and the sum of x, y and z being between 2 and 20;
(d) R4 being hydrogen, C1-C6 alkyl or Ra, said Ra being chosen from:
(i) \u2014OR8\u2032, R8\u2032 being C1-C4 alkyl;
(ii) \u2014N(R15)R16, R15 and R16 each being the same as described hereinbefore in (a) (i); or
(iii) a nitrogen containing ring represented by the following graphic formula:
wherein each Y being \u2014CH2\u2014, and X being independently chosen from \u2014Y\u2014, \u2014O\u2014, \u2014S\u2014, or \u2014N(R17)\u2014, R17 being C1-C4 alkyl, m being chosen form the integer 1, 2 or 3, and p being chosen form the integer 0, 1, 2 or 3;
(e) R5 being hydrogen or C1-C4 alkyl;
(f) R6 being hydrogen;
(g) B and B\u2032 each being independently chosen from:
(i) mono-, di-, and tri-substituted phenyl;
(ii) an unsubstituted, mono- or di-substituted heteroaromatic group chosen from benzofuran-2-yl or dibenzofuranyl, each of said aryl and heteroaromatic substituents in (g) (i) and (ii) being independently chosen from C3-C7 cycloalkyl, aryloxy, aryloxy(C1-C6)alkoxy, di(C1-C6)alkylamino, piperazino, indolino, piperidino, morpholino, pyrrolidyl, C1-C6 alkyl, C1-C6 alkoxy or fluoro;
(iii) a monosubstituted phenyl, said phenyl having a substituent at the para position as described hereinbefore in (c) (iii);
(iv) a group represented by one of the following graphic formulae:
wherein A being methylene and D being independently chosen in each formula from oxygen or substituted nitrogen, said nitrogen substituents being C1-C3 alkyl; each R24 being C1-C3 alkyl; R22 and R23 each being hydrogen; and q being chosen from the integer 0, 1 or 2;

(v) C1-C4 alkyl or C3-C5 cycloalkyl;
(vi) the group represented by the following graphic formula:
wherein L being hydrogen and M being chosen from an unsubstituted, mono-, or di-substituted phenyl, each of said phenyl substituents being C1-C4 alkoxy; or
(i) B and B\u2032 taken together form fluoren-9-ylidene, mono-substituted fluoren-9-ylidene or a saturated C7-C12 spiro-bicyclic hydrocarbon ring, each of said fluoren-9-ylidene substituents being C1-C4 alkoxy.
4. The naphthopyran of claim 1 wherein said naphthopyran is chosen from:
(a) 3,3-di(4-methoxyphenyl)-11-morpholino-13,13-dimethyl-3H,13H-indeno2\u2032,3\u2032:3,4naphtho1,2-bpyran;
(b) 3-phenyl-3-(4-morpholino-phenyl)-11-morpholino-13,13-dimethyl-3H,13H-indeno2\u2032,3\u2032:3,4naphtho-1,2-bpyran;
(c) 3,3-di(4-(2-methoxyethoxyphenyl))-11-morpholino-13,13-dimethyl-3H,13H-indeno2\u2032,3\u2032:3,4naphtho1,2-bpyran;
(d) 3,3-di(4-methoxyphenyl)-11-morpholino-13-hydroxy-13-ethyl-3H,13H-indeno2\u2032,3\u2032:3,4naphtho1,2-bpyran;
(e) 3,3-di(4-methoxyphenyl)-10-methoxy-11-morpholino-13,13-dimethyl-3H,13H-indeno2\u2032,3\u2032:3,4naphtho1,2-bpyran;
(f) 3-(4-methoxyphenyl)-3-(4-morpholinophenyl)-10-methoxy-11-morpholino-13,13-dimethyl-3H,13H-indeno2\u2032,3\u2032:3,4naphtho1,2-bpyran;
(g) 3-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-3-(4-methoxyphenyl)-11-morpholino-13,13-dimethyl-3H,13H-indeno 2\u2032,3\u2032:3,4naphtho1,2-bpyran;
(h) 3-(4-methoxyphenyl)-3-(4-morpholinophenyl)-11-morpholino-13,13-dimethyl-3H,13H-indeno2\u2032,3\u2032:3,4naphtho1,2-bpyran; or
(i) mixtures thereof.
5. The photochromic material of claim 1 wherein said photochromic material is chosen from:
(a) a single photochromic compound;
(b) a mixture of photochromic compounds;
(c) a material comprising at least one photochromic compound;
(d) a material to which at least one photochromic compound is chemically bonded;
(e) material (c) or (d) further comprising a coating to substantially prevent contact of the at least one photochromic compound with external materials;
(f) a photochromic polymer; or
(g) mixtures thereof.
6. A photochromic article comprising an at least partially cured polymer and a photochromic amount of at least one naphthopyran represented by the following graphic formula:
wherein,
(a) R1 is represented by:
(i) \u2014SR7, R7 being chosen from C1-C6 alkyl, aryl, mono- or di-substituted aryl, said aryl group being phenyl or naphthyl and each of said aryl substitutents being chosen independently from C1-C6 alkyl, C1-C6 alkoxy or halogen;
(ii) \u2014N(R15)R16, R15 and R16 each being independently chosen from hydrogen, C1-C8 alkyl, aryl, furanyl, benzofuran-2-yl, benzofuran-3-yl, thienyl, benzothien-2-yl, benzothien-3-yl, dibenzofuranyl, dibenzothienyl, benzopyridyl, fluorenyl, C1-C8 alkylaryl, C3-C20 cycloalkyl, C4-C20 bicycloalkyl, C5-C20 tricycloalkyl or C1-C20 alkoxyalkyl and said aryl group being phenyl or naphthyl;
(iii) a nitrogen containing ring represented by the following graphic formula:
wherein each Y being independently chosen for each occurrence from \u2014CH2\u2014, \u2014CH(R17)\u2014, \u2014C(R17) (R17)\u2014, \u2014CH(aryl)\u2014, \u2014C(aryl)2\u2014 or \u2014C(R17) (aryl)\u2014; X being \u2014Y\u2014, \u2014O\u2014, \u2014S\u2014, \u2014S(O)\u2014, \u2014S(O2)\u2014, \u2014NH\u2014, \u2014N(R17)\u2014 or \u2014N(aryl)\u2014; R17 being C1-C6 alkyl; said aryl group being phenyl or naphthyl, m being chosen from the integer 1, 2 or 3 and p being chosen from the integer 0, 1, 2 or 3; provided that when p is 0, X is Y;

(iv) a group represented by one of the following graphic formulae:
wherein each R19, R20 and R21 being chosen independently for each occurrence in each formula from hydrogen, C1-C5 alkyl, phenyl or naphthyl; or the groups R19 and R20 together form a ring of 5 to 8 carbon atoms; R18 being chosen independently for each occurrence from C1-C6 alkyl, C1-6 alkoxy, fluoro or chloro and n being chosen from the integer 0, 1 or 2;

(v) unsubstituted, mono- or di-substituted C4-C18 spirobicyclic amine; or
(vi) unsubstituted, mono- or di-substituted C4-C18 spirotricyclic amine; said substituents for (v) and (vi) being independently chosen for each occurrence from aryl, C1-C6 alkyl, C1-6 alkoxy or phenyl (C1-C6) alkyl;

(b) R1\u2032 is independently chosen for each occurrence from C1-C6 alkyl or C1-C6 alkoxy and n being chosen from the integer 0, 1 or 2;
(c) R2 and R3 are each independently chosen from:
(i) hydrogen, hydroxy, amino, mono- or di-substituted amino, C1-C12 alkyl, C3-C12 alkylidene, C2-C12 alkylidyne, vinyl, C3-C7 cycloalkyl, allyl, C1-C6 haloalkyl, benzyl, mono-substituted benzyl, chloro, fluoro or \u2014C(O)W, wherein W being hydroxy, C1-C6 alkyl, C1-C6 alkoxy, phenyl, mono-substituted phenyl, amino, mono(C1-C6)alkylamino, di(C1-C6)alkylamino, morpholino, piperidino or pyrrolidyl; said amino substituents being C1-C6 alkyl, phenyl, benzyl or naphthyl; each of said benzyl and phenyl substituents being C1-C6 alkyl or C1-C6 alkoxy;
(ii) an unsubstituted, mono- di- or tri-substituted group chosen from phenyl, naphthyl, phenanthryl, pyrenyl, quinolyl, isoquinolyl, benzofuranyl, thienyl, benzothienyl, dibenzofuranyl, dibenzothienyl, carbazolyl or indolyl; each of said group substituents in (c) (ii) being chosen independently for each occurrence from chloro, fluoro, C1-C6 alkyl or C1-C6 alkoxy;
(iii) a mono-substituted phenyl, said phenyl having a substituent located at the para position being \u2014(CH2)t\u2014 or \u2014O\u2014(CH2)t\u2014, connected to an aryl group which is a member of another photochromic material, and t being chosen from the integer 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6;
(iv) \u2014OR8, R8 being chosen from C1-C6 alkyl, C1-C6 acyl, phenyl(C1-C3)alkyl, mono(C1-C6)alkyl substituted phenyl(C1-C3)alkyl, mono(C1-C6)alkoxy substituted phenyl(C1-C3)alkyl, C1-C6 alkoxy(C2-C4)alkyl, C3-C7 cycloalkyl, mono(C1-C4)alkyl substituted C3-C7 cycloalkyl, C1-C6 chloroalkyl, C1-C6 fluoroalkyl, allyl, tri(C1-C6)alkylsilyl, tri(C1-C6)alkoxysilyl, di(C1-C6)alkyl (C1-C6)alkoxysilyl, di(C1-C6)alkoxy(C1-C6)alkylsilyl, benzoyl, mono-substituted benzoyl, naphthoyl or mono-substituted naphthoyl; each of said benzoyl and naphthoyl substituents being independently chosen from C1-C6 alkyl or C1-C6 alkoxy; or R8 being \u2014CH(R9)Q, wherein R9 being chosen from hydrogen or C1-C3 alkyl and Q being chosen from \u2014CN, \u2014CF3, or \u2014COOR10 and R10 being chosen from hydrogen or C1-C3 alkyl; or R8 being \u2014C(O)V, wherein V being chosen from hydrogen, C1-C6 alkoxy, phenoxy, mono- or di-(C1-C6)alkyl substituted phenoxy, mono- or di-(C1-C6)alkoxy substituted phenoxy, an unsubstituted, mono- or di-substituted aryl group, phenyl or naphthyl, amino, mono(C1-C6)alkylamino, di(C1-C6)alkylamino, phenylamino, mono- or di-(C1-C6)alkyl substituted phenylamino, or mono- or di-(C1-C6)alkoxy substituted phenylamino; each of said aryl group substituents being independently chosen from C1-C6 alkyl or C1-C6 alkoxy;
(v) \u2014CH(Q\u2032)2, Q\u2032 being chosen from \u2014CN or \u2014COOR11 and R11 being chosen from hydrogen, C1-C6 alkyl, phenyl(C1-C3)alkyl, mono(C1-C6)alkyl substituted phenyl(C1-C3)alkyl, mono(C1-C6)alkoxy substituted phenyl(C1-C3)alkyl or an unsubstituted, mono- or di-substituted aryl group, phenyl or naphthyl; each of said aryl group substituents being independently chosen from C1-C6 alkyl or C1-C6 alkoxy;
(vi) \u2014CH(R12)G, R12 being chosen from hydrogen, C1-C6 alkyl or an unsubstituted, mono- or di-substituted aryl group, phenyl or naphthyl, and G being chosen from \u2014COOR11, \u2014COR13 or \u2014CH2OR14, wherein R13 being chosen from hydrogen, C1-C6 alkyl, an unsubstituted, mono- or di-substituted aryl group, phenyl or naphthyl, amino, mono(C1-C6)alkylamino, di(C1-C6)alkylamino, phenylamino, mono- or di-(C1-C6)alkyl substituted phenylamino, mono- or di-(C1-C6)alkoxy substituted phenylamino, diphenylamino, mono- or di(C1-C6)alkyl substituted diphenylamino, mono- or di(C1-C6)alkoxy substituted diphenylamino, morpholino or piperidino R14 being chosen from hydrogen, \u2014C(O)R11, C1-C6 alkyl, C1-C3 alkoxy(C1-C6)alkyl, phenyl(C1-C3)alkyl, mono(C1-C6)alkoxy substituted phenyl(C1-C3)alkyl or an unsubstituted, mono- or di-substituted aryl group, phenyl or naphthyl, each of said aryl group substituents being independently chosen from C1-C6 alkyl or C1-C6 alkoxy; or
(vii) the group T represented by the formula:
\u2014Z(OC2H4)x(OC3H6)y(OC4H8)zZ\u2032 or
\u2014(OC2H4)x(OC3H6)y(OC4H8)zZ\u2032
wherein \u2014Z being chosen from \u2014C(O)\u2014 or \u2014CH2\u2014, Z\u2032 being chosen from C1-C3 alkoxy or a polymerizable group, x, y and z each being independently chosen from a number between 0 and 50, and the sum of x, y and z being between 2 and 50;
(d) R4 is chosen from hydrogen, C1-C6 alkyl or the group Ra chosen from:
(i) \u2014OR8\u2032, R8\u2032 being chosen from phenyl(C1-C3)alkyl, C1-C6 alkyl, mono(C1-C6)alkyl substituted phenyl(C1-C3)alkyl, mono(C1-C6)alkoxy substituted phenyl(C1-C3)alkyl, C1-C6 alkoxy(C2-C4)alkyl, C3-C7 cycloalkyl, mono(C1-C4)alkyl substituted C3-C7 cycloalkyl, C1-C6 chloroalkyl, C1-C6 fluoroalkyl, allyl or \u2014CH(R9)Q, R9 being chosen from hydrogen or C1-C3 alkyl; or
(ii) a group chosen from:
(1) \u2014N(R15)R16 wherein R15 and R16 being the same as described hereinbefore in (a) (ii);
(2) a nitrogen containing ring represented by the following graphic formula:
wherein Y, X, m and p being the same as described hereinbefore in (a) (iii); or
(3) a group represented by the following graphic formulae:
wherein R18, R19, R20, R21 and n being the same as described hereinbefore in (a) (iv);
(e) R5 is chosen from hydrogen, C1-C6 alkyl or Ra, said Ra being the same as described hereinbefore in (d);
(f) R6 is chosen from hydrogen, C1-C6 alkyl or Ra, said Ra being the same as described hereinbefore in (d); or
(g) R5 and R6 together form one of the following graphic formulae:
wherein J and K being independently chosen for each occurrence in each formula from oxygen or \u2014N(R15)\u2014, R19 and R20 each being the same as described herein before;
(h) B and B\u2032 are each independently chosen from:
(i) mono-T-substituted phenyl;
(ii) an unsubstituted, mono-, di-, or tri-substituted aryl group, phenyl or naphthyl;
(iii) 9-julolidinyl or the unsubstituted, mono- or di-substituted heteroaromatic group chosen from pyridyl furanyl, benzofuran-2-yl, benzofuran-3-yl, thienyl, benzothien-2-yl, benzothien-3-yl, dibenzofuranyl, dibenzothienyl, carbazoyl, benzopyridyl, indolinyl or fluorenyl, each of said aryl and heteroaromatic substituents in (h) (ii) and (iii) being independently chosen from hydroxy, the group, \u2014C(O)W, defined hereinbefore, aryl, mono(C1-C6)alkoxyaryl, di(C1-C6)alkoxyaryl, mono(C1-C6)alkylaryl, di(C1-C6)alkylaryl, chloroaryl, fluoroaryl, C3-C7 cycloalkylaryl, C3-C7 cycloalkyl, C3-C7 cycloalkyloxy, C3-C7 cycloalkyloxy(C1-C6)alkyl, C3-C7 cycloalkyloxy(C1-C6)alkoxy, aryl(C1-C6)alkyl, aryl(C1-C6)alkoxy, aryloxy, aryloxy(C1-C6)alkyl, aryloxy(C1-C6)alkoxy, mono- or di-(C1-C6)alkylaryl(C1-C6)alkyl, mono- or di-(C1-C6)alkoxyaryl(C1-C6)alkyl, mono- or di-(C1-C6)alkylaryl(C1-C6)alkoxy, mono- or di-(C1-C6)alkoxyaryl(C1-C6)alkoxy, amino, mono(C1-C6)alkylamino, di(C1-C6)alkylamino, diarylamino, piperazino, N\u2014(C1-C6)alkylpiperazino, N-arylpiperazino, aziridino, indolino, piperidino, morpholino, thiomorpholino, tetrahydroquinolino, tetrahydroisoquinolino, pyrrolidyl, C1-C6 alkyl, C1-C6 chloroalkyl, C1-C6 fluoroalkyl, C1-C6 alkoxy, mono(C1-C6)alkoxy(C1-C4)alkyl, acryloxy, methacryloxy, bromo, chloro or fluoro, said aryl being chosen from phenyl or naphthyl;
(iv) an unsubstituted or mono-substituted group chosen from pyrazolyl, imidazolyl, pyrazolinyl, imidazolinyl, pyrrolinyl, phenothiazinyl, phenoxazinyl, phenazinyl or acridinyl, each of said substituents being independently chosen from C1-C6 alkyl, C1-C6 alkoxy, phenyl, fluoro, chloro or bromo;
(v) monosubstituted phenyl, said phenyl having a substituent at the para position as described hereinbefore in (c) (iii);
(vi) a group represented by one of the following graphic formulae:
wherein A being independently chosen in each formula from methylene or oxygen and D being independently chosen in each formula from oxygen or substituted nitrogen, provided that when D is substituted nitrogen, A is methylene; said nitrogen substituents being chosen from hydrogen, C1-C6 alkyl, or C2-C6 acyl; each R24 being independently chosen for each occurrence in each formula from C1-C6 alkyl, C1-C6 alkoxy, hydroxy, chloro or fluoro; R22 and R23 each being independently chosen in each formula from hydrogen or C1-C6 alkyl; and q being chosen from the integer 0, 1 or 2;

(vii) C1-C6 alkyl, C1-C6 chloroalkyl, C1-C6 fluoroalkyl, C1-C6 alkoxy(C1-C4)alkyl, C3-C6 cycloalkyl, mono(C1-C6)alkoxy(C3-C6)cycloalkyl, mono(C1-C6)alkyl(C3-C6)-cycloalkyl, chloro(C3-C6)cycloalkyl, fluoro(C3-C6)cyclo-alkyl or C4-C12 bicycloalkyl;
(viii) a group represented by the following graphic formula:
wherein L being chosen from hydrogen or C1-C4 alkyl and M being chosen from an unsubstituted, mono-, or di-substituted group chosen from naphthyl, phenyl, furanyl, or thienyl; each of said group substituents being independently chosen from C1-C4 alkyl, C1-C4 alkoxy, fluoro, or chloro; or
(ix) B and B\u2032 taken together form fluoren-9-ylidene, mono-, or di-substituted fluoren-9-ylidene or a group being independently chosen from saturated C3-C12 spiro-monocyclic hydrocarbon rings, saturated C7-C12 spiro-bicyclic hydrocarbon rings or saturated C7-C12 spiro-tricyclic hydrocarbon rings; each of said fluoren-9-ylidene substituents being independently chosen from C1-C4 alkyl, C1-C4 alkoxy, fluoro or chloro, provided that said naphthopyran is substantially free of spiro-substituents at the 13-postion.
7. The photochromic article of claim 6 further comprising at least one other photochromic material comprising at least one activated absorption maxima within the range of from 400 to 700 nanometers.
8. The photochromic article of claim 7 wherein the at least one other photochromic material is chosen from chromenes, spiropyrans, oxazines, organo-metal dithiozonates, fulgides, fulgimides or a mixture thereof.
9. The photochromic article of claim 6 wherein the at least partially cured polymer is chosen from thermosetting or thermoplastic organic polymeric materials.
10. The photochromic article of claim 9 wherein the at least partially cured polymer is a thermosetting or thermoplastic organic polymeric material which is chosen from poly(C1-C12 alkyl methacrylates), poly(oxyalkylene dimethacrylates), poly(alkoxylated phenol methacrylates), cellulose acetate, cellulose triacetate, cellulose acetate propionate, cellulose acetate butyrate, poly(vinyl acetate), poly(vinyl alcohol), poly(vinyl chloride), poly(vinylidene chloride), thermoplastic polycarbonates, polyesters, polyurethanes, polythiourethanes, poly(urea-urethane), poly(ethylene terephthalate), polystyrene, poly(alpha methylstyrene), copoly(styrene-methylmethacrylate), copoly(styrene-acrylonitrile), polyvinylbutyral or is polymerized from monomers chosen from bis(allyl carbonate) monomers, polyfunctional acrylate monomers, polyfunctional methacrylate monomers, diethylene glycol dimethacrylate monomers, diisopropenyl benzene monomers, ethoxylated bisphenol A dimethacrylate monomers, ethylene glycol bismethacrylate monomers, poly(ethylene glycol) bismethacrylate monomers, ethoxylated phenol bis methacrylate monomers, alkoxylated polyhydric alcohol polyacrylate monomers, styrene monomers, urethane acrylate monomers, glycidyl acrylate monomers, glycidyl methacrylate monomers, diallylidene pentaerythritol monomers or mixtures thereof.
11. The photochromic article of claim 6 wherein the at least partially cured polymer is an optical element.
12. The photochromic article of claim 11 wherein the at least partially cured polymer is an optical element and said optical element is an ophthalmic lens.
13. The photochromic article of claim 6 further comprising a superstrate connected to at least a portion of the at least partially cured polymer, said superstrate comprising at least one organic polymeric material.
14. The photochromic article of claim 13 wherein the superstrate is adheringly bonded to at least a portion of the at least partially cured polymer.
15. The photochromic article of claim 13 wherein the superstrate is an organic polymeric material chosen from thermosetting or thermoplastic materials.
16. The photochromic article of claim 15 wherein the superstrate is a thermoplastic material and is polyurethane.
17. The photochromic article of claim 9 further comprising an at least partially abrasion resistant film superposed on at least a portion of the superstrate.
18. The photochromic article of claim 17 wherein the at least partially abrasion resistant film is an organic polymeric material chosen from thermoplastic or thermosetting materials.
19. The photochromic article of claim 18 wherein the at least partially abrasion resistant film is a thermoplastic material and is polycarbonate.
20. The photochromic article of claim 17 further comprising an at least-partial coating of an at least partially antireflective coating applied to the at least partially abrasion resistant film superposed on at least a portion of the superstrate.
21. A photochromic article comprising a substrate and an at least partial coating of a photochromic polymeric coating composition comprising a film forming polymer and at least a photochromic amount of at least one naphthopyran represented by the following graphic formula:
wherein,
(a) R1 is represented by:
(i) \u2014SR7, R7 being chosen from C1-C6 alkyl, aryl, mono- or di-substituted aryl, said aryl group being phenyl or naphthyl and each of said aryl substitutents being chosen independently from C1-C6 alkyl, C1-C6 alkoxy or halogen;
(ii) \u2014N(R15)R16, R15 and R16 each being independently chosen from hydrogen, C1-C8 alkyl, aryl, furanyl, benzofuran-2-yl, benzofuran-3-yl, thienyl, benzothien-2-yl, benzothien-3-yl, dibenzofuranyl, dibenzothienyl, benzopyridyl, fluorenyl, C1-C8 alkylaryl, C3-C20 cycloalkyl, C4-C20 bicycloalkyl, C5-C20 tricycloalkyl or C1-C20 alkoxyalkyl and said aryl group being phenyl or naphthyl;
(iii) a nitrogen containing ring represented by the following graphic formula:
wherein each Y being independently chosen for each occurrence from \u2014CH2\u2014, \u2014CH(R17)\u2014, \u2014C(R17) (R17)\u2014, \u2014CH(aryl)\u2014, \u2014C(aryl)2\u2014 or \u2014C(R17) (aryl)\u2014; X being \u2014Y\u2014, \u2014O\u2014, \u2014S\u2014, \u2014S(O)\u2014, \u2014S(O2)\u2014, \u2014NH\u2014, \u2014N(R17)\u2014 or \u2014N(aryl)\u2014; R17 being C1-C6 alkyl; said aryl group being phenyl or naphthyl, m being chosen from the integer 1, 2 or 3 and p being chosen from the integer 0, 1, 2 or 3; provided that when p is 0, X is Y;

(iv) a group represented by one of the following graphic formulae:
wherein each R19, R20 and R21 being chosen independently for each occurrence in each formula from hydrogen, C1-C5 alkyl, phenyl or naphthyl; or the groups R19 and R20 together form a ring of 5 to 8 carbon atoms; R18 being chosen independently for each occurrence from C1-C6 alkyl, C1-6 alkoxy, fluoro or chloro and n being chosen from the integer 0, 1 or 2;

(v) unsubstituted, mono- or di-substituted C4-C18 spirobicyclic amine; or
(vi) unsubstituted, mono- or di-substituted C4-C18 spirotricyclic amine said substituents for (v) and (vi) are independently chosen for each occurrence from aryl, C1-C6 alkyl, C1-6 alkoxy or phenyl (C1-C6) alkyl;

(b) R1\u2032 is independently chosen for each occurrence from C1-C6 alkyl or C1-C6 alkoxy and n being chosen from the integer 0, 1 or 2;
(c) R2 and R3 are each independently chosen from:
(i) hydrogen, hydroxy, amino, mono- or di-substituted amino, C1-C12 alkyl, C3-C12 alkylidene, C2-C12 alkylidyne, vinyl, C3-C7 cycloalkyl, allyl, C1-C6 haloalkyl, benzyl, mono-substituted benzyl, chloro, fluoro or \u2014C(O)W, wherein W being hydroxy, C1-C6 alkyl, C1-C6 alkoxy, phenyl, mono-substituted phenyl, amino, mono(C1-C6)alkylamino, di(C1-C6)alkylamino, morpholino, piperidino or pyrrolidyl; said amino substituents being C1-C6 alkyl, phenyl, benzyl or naphthyl; each of said benzyl and phenyl substituents being C1-C6 alkyl or C1-C6 alkoxy;
(ii) an unsubstituted, mono- di- or tri-substituted group chosen from phenyl, naphthyl, phenanthryl, pyrenyl, quinolyl, isoquinolyl, benzofuranyl, thienyl, benzothienyl, dibenzofuranyl, dibenzothienyl, carbazolyl or indolyl; each of said group substituents in (c) (ii) being chosen independently for each occurrence from chloro, fluoro, C1-C6 alkyl or C1-C6 alkoxy;
(iii) a mono-substituted phenyl, said phenyl having a substituent located at the para position being \u2014(CH2)t\u2014 or \u2014O\u2014(CH2)t\u2014, connected to an aryl group which is a member of another photochromic material, and t being chosen from the integer 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6;
(iv) \u2014OR8, R8 being chosen from C1-C6 alkyl, C1-C6 acyl, phenyl(C1-C3)alkyl, mono(C1-C6)alkyl substituted phenyl(C1-C3)alkyl, mono(C1-C6)alkoxy substituted phenyl(C1-C3)alkyl, C1-C6 alkoxy(C2-C4)alkyl, C3-C7 cycloalkyl, mono(C1-C4)alkyl substituted C3-C7 cycloalkyl, C1-C6 chloroalkyl, C1-C6 fluoroalkyl, allyl, tri-C1-C6 alkylsilyl, tri-C1-C6 alkoxysilyl, di-C1-C6 alkyl (C1-C6)alkoxy) silyl, di-C1-C6 alkoxy(C1-C6)alkyl) silyl, benzoyl, mono-substituted benzoyl, naphthoyl or mono-substituted naphthoyl; each of said benzoyl and naphthoyl substituents being independently chosen from C1-C6 alkyl or C1-C6 alkoxy; or R8 being \u2014CH(R9)Q, wherein R9 being chosen from hydrogen or C1-C3 alkyl and Q being chosen from \u2014CN, \u2014CF3, or \u2014COOR10 and R10 being chosen from hydrogen or C1-C3 alkyl; or R8 being \u2014C(O)V, wherein V being chosen from hydrogen, C1-C6 alkoxy, phenoxy, mono- or di-(C1-C6)alkyl substituted phenoxy, mono- or di-(C1-C6)alkoxy substituted phenoxy, an unsubstituted, mono- or di-substituted aryl group, phenyl or naphthyl, amino, mono(C1-C6)alkylamino, di(C1-C6)alkylamino, phenylamino, mono- or di-(C1-C6)alkyl substituted phenylamino, or mono- or di-(C1-C6)alkoxy substituted phenylamino; each of said aryl group substituents being independently chosen from C1-C6 alkyl or C1-C6 alkoxy;
(v) \u2014CH(Q\u2032)2, Q\u2032 being chosen from \u2014CN or \u2014COOR11 and R11 being chosen from hydrogen, C1-C6 alkyl, phenyl(C1-C3)alkyl, mono(C1-C6)alkyl substituted phenyl(C1-C3)alkyl, mono(C1-C6)alkoxy substituted phenyl(C1-C3)alkyl or an unsubstituted, mono- or di-substituted aryl group, phenyl or naphthyl; each of said aryl group substituents being independently chosen from C1-C6 alkyl or C1-C6 alkoxy;
(vi) \u2014CH(R12)G, R12 being chosen from hydrogen, C1-C6 alkyl or an unsubstituted, mono- or di-substituted aryl group, phenyl or naphthyl, and G being chosen from \u2014COOR11, \u2014COR13 or \u2014CH2OR14, wherein R13 being chosen from hydrogen, C1-C6 alkyl, an unsubstituted, mono- or di-substituted aryl group, phenyl or naphthyl, amino, mono(C1-C6)alkylamino, di(C1-C6)alkylamino, phenylamino, mono- or di-(C1-C6)alkyl substituted phenylamino, mono- or di-(C1-C6)alkoxy substituted phenylamino, diphenylamino, mono- or di(C1-C6)alkyl substituted diphenylamino, mono- or di(C1-C6)alkoxy substituted diphenylamino, morpholino or piperidino R14 being chosen from hydrogen, \u2014C(o)R11, C1-C6 alkyl, C1-C3 alkoxy(C1-C6)alkyl, phenyl(C1-C3)alkyl, mono(C1-C6)alkoxy substituted phenyl(C1-C3)alkyl or an unsubstituted, mono- or di-substituted aryl group, phenyl or naphthyl, each of said aryl group substituents being independently chosen from C1-C6 alkyl or C1-C6 alkoxy; or
(vii) the group T represented by the formula:
\u2014Z(OC2H4)x(OC3H6)y(OC4H8)ZZ\u2032 or
\u2014(OC2H4)x(OC3H6)y(OC4H8)zZ\u2032
wherein \u2014Z being chosen from \u2014C(O)\u2014 or \u2014CH2\u2014, Z\u2032 being chosen from C1-C3 alkoxy or a polymerizable group, x, y and z each being independently chosen from a number between 0 and 50, and the sum of x, y and z being between 2 and 50;
(d) R4 is chosen from hydrogen, C1-C6 alkyl or the group Ra chosen from:
(i) \u2014OR8\u2032 R8\u2032 being chosen from phenyl(C1-C3)alkyl, C1-C6 alkyl, mono(C1-C6)alkyl substituted phenyl(C1-C3)alkyl, mono(C1-C6)alkoxy substituted phenyl(C1-C3)alkyl, C1-C6 alkoxy(C2-C4)alkyl, C3-C7 cycloalkyl, mono(C1-C4)alkyl substituted C3-C7 cycloalkyl, C1-C6 chloroalkyl, C1-C6 fluoroalkyl, allyl or \u2014CH(R9)Q, R9 being chosen from hydrogen or C1-C3 alkyl; or
(ii) a group chosen from:
(1) \u2014N(R15)R16 wherein R15 and R16 being the same as described hereinbefore in (a) (ii);
(2) a nitrogen containing ring represented by the following graphic formula:
wherein Y, X, m and p being the same as described hereinbefore in (a) (iii); or
(3) a group represented by the following graphic formulae:
wherein R18, R19, R20, R21 and n being the same as described hereinbefore in (a) (iv);
(e) R5 is chosen from hydrogen, C1-C6 alkyl or Ra, said Ra being the same as described hereinbefore in (d);
(f) R6 is chosen from hydrogen, C1-C6 alkyl or Ra, said Ra being the same as described hereinbefore in (d); or
(g) R5 and R6 together form one of the following graphic formulae:
wherein J and K being independently chosen for each occurrence in each formula from oxygen or \u2014N(R15)\u2014, R19 and R20 each being the same as described herein before;
(h) B and B\u2032 are each independently chosen from:
(i) mono-T-substituted phenyl;
(ii) an unsubstituted, mono-, di-, or tri-substituted aryl group, phenyl or naphthyl;
(iii) 9-julolidinyl or the unsubstituted, mono- or di-substituted heteroaromatic group chosen from pyridyl furanyl, benzofuran-2-yl, benzofuran-3-yl, thienyl, benzothien-2-yl, benzothien-3-yl, dibenzofuranyl, dibenzothienyl, carbazoyl, benzopyridyl, indolinyl or fluorenyl, each of said aryl and heteroaromatic substituents in (h) (ii) and (iii) being independently chosen from hydroxy, the group, \u2014C(O)W, defined hereinbefore, aryl, mono(C1-C6)alkoxyaryl, di(C1-C6)alkoxyaryl, mono(C1-C6)alkylaryl, di(C1-C6)alkylaryl, chloroaryl, fluoroaryl, C3-C7 cycloalkylaryl, C3-C7 cycloalkyl, C3-C7 cycloalkyloxy, C3-C7 cycloalkyloxy(C1-C6)alkyl, C3-C7 cycloalkyloxy(C1-C6)alkoxy, aryl(C1-C6)alkyl, aryl(C1-C6)alkoxy, aryloxy, aryloxy(C1-C6)alkyl, aryloxy(C1-C6)alkoxy, mono- or di-(C1-C6)alkylaryl(C1-C6)alkyl, mono- or di-(C1-C6)alkoxyaryl(C1-C6)alkyl, mono- or di-(C1-C6)alkylaryl(C1-C6)alkoxy, mono- or di-(C1-C6)alkoxyaryl(C1-C6)alkoxy, amino, mono(C1-C6)alkylamino, di(C1-C6)alkylamino, diarylamino, piperazino, N\u2014(C1-C6)alkylpiperazino, N-arylpiperazino, aziridino, indolino, piperidino, morpholino, thiomorpholino, tetrahydroquinolino, tetrahydroisoquinolino, pyrrolidyl, C1-C6 alkyl, C1-C6 chloroalkyl, C1-C6 fluoroalkyl, C1-C6 alkoxy, mono(C1-C6)alkoxy(C1-C4)alkyl, acryloxy, methacryloxy, bromo, chloro or fluoro, said aryl being chosen from phenyl or naphthyl;
(iv) an unsubstituted or mono-substituted group chosen from pyrazolyl, imidazolyl, pyrazolinyl, imidazolinyl, pyrrolinyl, phenothiazinyl, phenoxazinyl, phenazinyl or acridinyl, each of said substituents being independently chosen from C1-C6 alkyl, C1-C6 alkoxy, phenyl, fluoro, chloro or bromo;
(v) monosubstituted phenyl, said phenyl having a substituent at the para position as described hereinbefore in (c) (iii);
(vi) a group represented by one of the following graphic formulae:
wherein A being independently chosen in each formula from methylene or oxygen and D being independently chosen in each formula from oxygen or substituted nitrogen, provided that when D is substituted nitrogen, A is methylene; said nitrogen substituents being chosen from hydrogen, C1-C6 alkyl, or C2-C6 acyl; each R24 being independently chosen for each occurrence in each formula from C1-C6 alkyl, C1-C6 alkoxy, hydroxy, chloro or fluoro; R22 and R23 each being independently chosen in each formula from hydrogen or C1-C6 alkyl; and q being chosen from the integer 0, 1 or 2;

(vii) C1-C6 alkyl, C1-C6 chloroalkyl, C1-C6 fluoroalkyl, C1-C6 alkoxy(C1-C4)alkyl, C3-C6 cycloalkyl, mono(C1-C6)alkoxy(C3-C6)cycloalkyl, mono(C1-C6)alkyl(C3-C6)-cycloalkyl, chloro(C3-C6)cycloalkyl, fluoro(C3-C6)cyclo-alkyl or C4-C12 bicycloalkyl;
(viii) a group represented by the following graphic formula:
wherein L being chosen from hydrogen or C1-C4 alkyl and M being chosen from an unsubstituted, mono-, or di-substituted group chosen from naphthyl, phenyl, furanyl, or thienyl; each of said group substituents being independently chosen from C1-C4 alkyl, C1-C4 alkoxy, fluoro, or chloro, or
(ix) B and B\u2032 taken together form fluoren-9-ylidene, mono-, or di-substituted fluoren-9-ylidene or a group being independently chosen from saturated C3-C12 spiro-monocyclic hydrocarbon rings, saturated C7-C12 spiro-bicyclic hydrocarbon rings or saturated C7-C12 spiro-tricyclic hydrocarbon rings; each of said fluoren-9-ylidene substituents being independently chosen from C1-C4 alkyl, C1-C4 alkoxy, fluoro or chloro, provided that said naphthopyran is substantially free of spiro-substituents at the 13-postion.
22. The photochromic article of claim 21 wherein the photochromic polymeric coating composition further comprises at least one other photochromic material comprising at least one activated absorption maxima within the range of from 400 to 700 nanometers.
23. The photochromic article of claim 22 wherein the at least one other photochromic material is chosen from chromenes, spiropyrans, oxazines, organo-metal dithiozonates, fulgides, fulgimides or a mixture thereof.
24. The photochromic article of claim 22 wherein the substrate is paper, glass, ceramic, wood, masonry, textile, metal or polymeric organic material.
25. The photochromic article of claim 24 wherein the substrate is polymeric organic material which is a solid transparent polymer chosen from thermosetting or thermoplastic organic polymeric materials.
26. The photochromic article of claim 25 wherein the substrate is a solid transparent polymer which is an optical element.
27. The photochromic article of claim 26 wherein the substrate is an optical element which is an ophthalmic lens.
28. The photochromic article of claim 21 wherein the film-forming polymer is chosen from thermosetting or thermoplastic organic polymeric materials.
29. The photochromic article of claim 28 wherein the film forming polymer is thermosetting and is chosen from polyurethanes, poly(meth)acrylates, aminoplast resins, polysilanes, polyanhydrides, polyacrylamides or epoxy resins.
30. The photochromic article of claim 21 further comprising a primer at least partially interposed between the substrate and the at least partial coating of a photochromic polymeric coating composition.
31. The photochromic article of claim 30 further comprising an at least partially abrasion resistant coating applied to at least a portion of the surface of the at least partial coating of a photochromic polymeric coating composition.
32. The photochromic article of claim 31 further comprising an at least partial coating of an at least partially antireflective coating applied to the at least partially abrasion resistant coating applied to at least a portion of the surface of the at least partial coating of a photochromic polymeric coating composition.

The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.

1. A cup holder, comprising:
a holding part provided in an opening of a box-like part having a top side opened and holding a beverage container in a manner so as to sandwich it between inner wall surfaces of the box-like part, and
an auxiliary plate disposed on the holding part for changing a holding surface to able to projectwithdraw a corresponding part frominto a holding surface side of the holding part by rotational operation through a knob,
wherein the auxiliary plate projects a corresponding part from only the holding surface on one side of the holding part by rotational operation of said knob in one direction, and projects corresponding parts from the holding surfaces on two sides of the holding part by rotational operation of said knob in other direction.
2. The cup holder according to claim 1, wherein said auxiliary plate is a two-plate structure placed to overlap vertically.
3. The cup holder according to claim 2, wherein by the rotational operation of said knob in one direction, one of said auxiliary plates is switched from a stored state overlapping with said holding part to an in-use state projecting the corresponding part from the holding surface on one side of the holding part, and by the rotational operation in the other direction, other one of said auxiliary plates is switched from a stored state overlapping with said holding part to an in-use state projecting the corresponding parts from the holding surfaces on two sides of the holding part.
4. The cup holder according to claim 3, wherein said knob has a first boss and a second boss which enable said knob to switch each said auxiliary plate between said stored state and in-use state.
5. The cup holder according to claim 4, wherein one of said auxiliary plates comprises:
an arc groove provided corresponding to said first boss and,
a coupling part provided inside a groove of said arc groove and coupling and releasing with said first boss,
wherein when said knob is rotated in one direction in a state having coupled said first boss to said coupling part, it becomes capable of switching said auxiliary plate between said stored state and in-use state, and when it is rotated in the other direction, it releases said coupling part and lets said first boss slip following the arc groove to become capable of idle rotation against the auxiliary plate.
6. The cup holder according to claim 5, wherein the other one of said auxiliary plates comprises:
an arc groove provided corresponding to said second boss, and
a coupling part provided inside a groove of the arc groove and coupling and releasing with said second boss,
wherein when said knob is rotated in the other direction in a state having coupled said second boss to said coupling part, it becomes capable of switching said auxiliary plate between said stored state and in-use state, and when it is rotated in the one direction, it releases said coupling part and lets said second boss slip following the arc groove to become capable of idle rotation against the auxiliary plate.