All The Claims

1. A heat exchanger for a fuel cell stack, said heat exchanger comprising:
a first plate;
a second plate;
said first and second plates being connected to one another by at least one wall;
said first and second plates and said at least one wall forming an enclosure having an interior area defined by interior surfaces of said enclosure;
at least one liquid metal disposed within said interior area; and
transfer means disposed within said interior area, said at least one liquid metal being caused to flow within said transfer means and said interior area in response to a temperature gradient applied to said enclosure.
2. The heat exchanger of claim 1, wherein:
said transfer means comprises at least one porous coating disposed on at least a portion of said interior surfaces;
said porous coating includes a plurality of capillaries therein, wherein at least a portion of said capillaries are connected to one another; and
said at least one liquid metal is transported by capillary action within said capillaries.
3. The heat exchanger of claim 2, wherein said porous coating comprises a metal.
4. The heat exchanger claim 2, wherein said porous coating is electrically conductive.
5. The heat exchanger of claim 1, wherein said porous coating extends between opposing portions of said interior surfaces forming porous bridges therebetween, said porous coating and said porous bridges having exposed surfaces which define at least one cavity within said interior area for accommodating phase changes of said at least one liquid metal.
6. The heat exchanger of claim 1, wherein said enclosure is electrically conductive.
7. The heat exchanger of claim 1, wherein said at least one liquid metal comprises at least one of sodium, potassium and a combination sodium and potassium.
8. A fuel cell stack, said fuel cell stack comprising:
a plurality of fuel cells stacked along a common axis, each of said plurality of fuel cells comprising a first conduit disposed adjacent to an anode, a second conduit disposed adjacent to a cathode and an electrolyte disposed between said anode and said cathode;
a heat exchanger disposed between adjacent fuel cells;
said heat exchanger comprising a first plate and a second plate, said first and second plates being connected to one another by at least one wall, said first and second plates and said at least one wall forming an enclosure having an interior area defined by interior surfaces of said enclosure;
at least one liquid metal disposed within said interior area; and
transfer means disposed within said interior area, said at least one liquid metal being caused to flow within said transfer means and said interior area in response to a temperature gradient applied to said enclosure.
9. The fuel cell stack of claim 8, wherein said heat exchanger includes an extension protruding from said fuel cell stack.
10. The fuel cell stack of claim 9, wherein said extension discharges heat to an area outside of said fuel cell stack.
11. The fuel cell stack of claim 9 wherein said extension includes at least one heat transfer fin projecting outwardly therefrom.
12. The fuel cell stack of claim 8, wherein:
said transfer means comprises at least one porous coating disposed on at least a portion of said interior surfaces;
said porous coating includes a plurality of capillaries therein, wherein at least a portion of said capillaries are connected to one another; and
said at least one liquid metal is transported by capillary action within said capillaries.
13. The fuel cell stack of claim 8, wherein said porous coating extends between opposing portions of said interior surfaces forming porous bridges therebetween, said porous coating and said porous bridges having exposed surfaces which define at least one cavity within said interior area for accommodating phase changes of said at least one liquid metal.
14. A method for operating a fuel cell stack, said method comprising the steps of:
providing a plurality of fuel cells stacked along a common axis, each of said plurality of fuel cells comprising a first conduit disposed adjacent to an anode, a second conduit disposed adjacent to a cathode and an electrolyte disposed between said anode and said cathode;
providing a heat exchanger disposed between adjacent fuel cells, said heat exchanger comprising a first plate and a second plate, said first and second plates being connected to one another by at least one wall, said first and second plates and said at least one wall forming an enclosure having an interior area defined by interior surfaces of said enclosure;
providing at least one porous coating on at least a portion of said interior surfaces and at least one liquid metal disposed in said porous coating;
heating at least one of said fuel cells to at least a boiling point of said liquid metal;
supplying heat from said fuel cells into an evaporation area of said heat exchanger;
transferring at least a portion of said heat from said evaporation area into said liquid metal;
evaporating at least a portion of said liquid metal into a metal vapor;
flowing a coolant over a condensation area of said heat exchanger;
removing at least a portion of said heat from said condensation area;
transporting at least a portion of said metal vapor from said evaporation area to said condensation area;
condensing at least a portion of said metal vapor into said liquid metal in said condensation area; and
transporting said liquid metal to said evaporation area through said porous coating.
15. The method of claim 14, wherein said coolant is an oxidant which is preheated and supplied to said second conduit.
16. The method of claim 14, comprising the steps of:
flowing a fuel into said first conduit; and
preheating said fuel for reformation thereof.

The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.

1. A method of automatic measurement of audio presence and level by direct processing of a data stream representing an audio signal in a processor, the data stream having a plurality of frames, each frame having quantization information and normalizing information, the method comprising:
extracting, in the processor, sub-band data from the data stream;
dequantizing and denormalizing, in the processor, the extracted sub-band data of each frame according to the quantization information and the normalizing information of the associated frame;
measuring, in the processor, an audio level of the dequantized and denormalized sub-band data without reconstructing the audio signal;
averaging, in the processor, the measured audio level over time; and
comparing, in the processor, the averaged measured audio level over time to at least one threshold.
2. The method of claim 1, further comprising using a psychoacoustic model in determining a perceived level of the measured audio level according to human ear sensitivity.
3. The method of claim 1, further comprising weighting the measured audio level of the sub-band data according to a channel characteristic comprising an audio signal content type.
4. The method of claim 3, wherein the weighting is applied to a measured instantaneous audio level.
5. The method of claim 3, wherein the weighting is applied to an overall audio level.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein the sub-band data represents a strength of the audio signal in a frequency band represented by a sub-band at a particular point in time.
7. The method of claim 1, further comprising thresholding, in the processor, the measured audio level.
8. The method of claim 1, further comprising triggering, in the processor, an alarm when the threshold is exceeded by the averaged measured audio level.
9. The method of claim 1, further comprising the step of adjusting the audio level within the data stream according to the averaged measured audio level.
10. The method of claim 3, wherein weighting the measured audio level of the sub-band data according to a channel characteristic comprises excluding a portion of the measured audio level of the sub-band data according to the audio signal content type.
11. The method of claim 3, wherein audio signal content type comprises an advertisement content type.
12. An apparatus for automatic measurement of audio presence and level by direct processing of a data stream representing an audio signal the data stream having a plurality of frames, each frame having quantization information and normalizing information, comprising:
means for extracting sub-band data from the data stream;
means for dequantizing and denormalizing the extracted sub-band data of each frame according to the quantization information and the normalizing information of the associated frame;
means for measuring an audio level of the dequantized and denormalized sub-band data without reconstructing the audio signal; and
means for averaging the measured audio level over time; and
means for comparing the averaged measured audio level over time to at least one threshold.
13. The apparatus of claim 12, further comprising means for using a psychoacoustic model in determining a perceived level of the measured audio level according to human ear sensitivity.
14. The apparatus of claim 12, further comprising means for weighting the measured audio level of the sub-band data according to a channel characteristic comprising an audio signal content type.
15. The apparatus of claim 14, wherein the weighting is applied to a measured instantaneous audio level.
16. The apparatus of claim 14, wherein the weighting is applied to a measured overall audio level.
17. The apparatus of claim 12, wherein the sub-band data represents a strength of the audio signal in a frequency band represented by a sub-band at a particular point in time.
18. The apparatus of claim 12, further comprising means for thresholding the measured audio level.
19. The apparatus of claim 12, further comprising means for triggering an alarm when the threshold is exceeded by the averaged measured audio level.
20. The apparatus of claim 12, further comprising means for adjusting the audio level within the data stream according to the averaged measured audio level.
21. The apparatus of claim 14, wherein the means for weighting the measured audio level of the sub-band data according to a channel characteristic comprises means for excluding a portion of the measured audio level of the sub-band data according to the audio signal content type.
22. The apparatus of claim 14, wherein audio signal content type comprises an advertisement content type.
23. A non-transitory computer readable medium, comprising a storage device encoded with instructions that, when executed by a processor, result in the processor performing a method of automatic measurement of audio presence and level by direct processing of a data stream representing an audio signal, the data stream having a plurality of frames, each frame having quantization information and normalizing information, the method comprising:
extracting, in the processor, sub-band data from the data stream;
dequantizing and denormalizing, in the processor, the extracted sub-band data of each frame according to the quantization information and the normalizing information of the associated frame;
measuring, in the processor, an audio level for the dequantized and denormalized sub-band data without reconstructing the audio signal; and
averaging, in the processor, the measured audio level over time; and
comparing, in the processor, the averaged measured audio level over time to at least one threshold.
24. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 23, further comprising using a psychoacoustic model in determining a perceived level of the measured audio level according to human ear sensitivity.
25. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 23, further comprising weighting the measured audio level of the sub-band data according to a channel characteristic comprising an audio signal content type.
26. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 25, wherein the weighting is applied to a measured instantaneous audio level.
27. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 25, wherein the weighting is applied to an overall audio level.
28. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 23, wherein the sub-band data represents a strength of the audio signal in a frequency band represented by a sub-band at a particular point in time.
29. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 23, further comprising thresholding, in the processor, the measured audio level.
30. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 23, further comprising triggering, in the processor, an alarm when the threshold is exceeded by the averaged measured audio level.
31. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 23, further comprising the step of adjusting the audio level within the data stream according to the averaged measured audio level.
32. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 25, wherein weighting the measured audio level of the sub-band data according to a channel characteristic comprises excluding a portion of the measured audio level of the sub-band data according to the audio signal content type.
33. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 25, wherein audio signal content type comprises an advertisement content type.

1. A text processing system, comprising:
a text clustering component configured to cluster sub-document linguistic units of a plurality of relevant documents into clusters;
a sentiment analyzer configured to attribute a sentiment to the linguistic units; and
a report generator configured to identify linguistic units and generate a report based on the clusters and based on the sentiment attributed to the linguistic units.
2. The text processing system of claim 1 and further comprising:
a document identifying engine configured to identify the plurality of relevant documents from among a group of documents larger than the plurality of relevant documents.
3. The text processing system of claim 1 wherein the sentiment analyzer is configured to attribute the sentiment to the linguistic units after the linguistic units are clustered by the text clustering component.
4. The text processing system of claim 3 wherein the sentiment analyzer is configured to calculate a representative sentiment for each cluster.
5. The text processing system of claim 1 wherein the sentiment analyzer is configured to attribute the sentiment to the linguistic units before the linguistic units are clustered.
6. The text processing system of claim 5 wherein the sentiment analyzer is configured to calculate a representative sentiment for each cluster.
7. The text processing system of claim 1 and further comprising:
a display component displaying data indicative of the clusters and the sentiment attributed to the linguistic units.
8. The text processing system of claim 7 and further comprising:
a user feedback component configured to receive a user correction input indicative of a user correction to the data displayed.
9. The text processing system of claim 8 wherein the user feedback component is configured to receive the user correction input as a sentiment correction input indicative of a user correction to sentiment attributed to a linguistic unit.
10. The text processing system of claim 9 wherein the user feedback component is configured to provide the user correction as training data to a machine learning process for training the sentiment analyzer.
11. The text processing system of claim 1 wherein the sentiment analyzer strained using a machine learning process based on features extracted from training data, the features including a set of most salient features.
12. The text processing system of claim 11 wherein the most salient features used in training the sentiment analyzer are removed from use in the clustering engine.
13. The text processing system of claim 11 wherein the sentiment analyzer is trained iteratively on a combination of human-annotated and automatically annotated data.
14. The text processing system of claim 1 wherein the text clustering component comprises a subject matter clustering component configured to cluster the linguistic units based on predefined subject matter.
15. The text processing system of claim 1 wherein the text clustering component is configured to intermittently re-cluster relevant documents including new relevant documents to obtain new clusters.
16. The text processing system of claim 15 wherein the sentiment analyzer is configured to attribute a sentiment to new linguistic units in the new relevant documents.
17. The text processing system of claim 16 wherein the sentiment analyzer is configured to calculate a representative sentiment associated with each new cluster.
18. The text processing system of claim 17 wherein the report generator is configured to report changes in the representative sentiment attributed to the clusters over time.
19. The text processing system of claim 1 and further comprising:
a relevant document data store storing the relevant documents, and wherein the relevant document data store is configured to receive cluster information indicative of the clusters calculated by text clustering component and sentiment information indicative of the sentiment attributed to the linguistic units by the sentiment analyzer.

The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.

1. An orbital hydroponicaeroponic unit comprising:
a housing contained within a structural frame;
said housing defined by a pair of fixed rings, one situated at each longitudinal ends of said housing, and a shell;
a rotating ring contained within each fixed ring;
outer diameter of each fixed ring being held together by way of a shell:
a drum inside said housing defining a chamber;
a roots compartment defined as space between the inside of said shell and the outside of said drum;
a hatch configured and sized to fit within an inner opening of said rotating ring to seal said chamber and provide access to it;
a light source container at the center of said hatch containing a light source;
said housing having several openings comprising an air intake port;
an air outlet port to provide circulation to incoming air
nutrients intake port directed at said roots compartment;
chamber nutrients intake port to provide nutrients inside said chamber;
said hatch having a hinge structure to hingedly attach said hatch to said fixed ring;
said shell being applied onto tie rods and tightening nuts on filleted ends of said tie rods presses said fixed rings against said shell which is guided into grooves carved into the interior face of said fixed rings and messed on O-rings.
2. An orbital hydroponicaeroponic unit as in claim 1 wherein: said fixed ring and said rotating ring interfacing by way of tongue and groove wherein said tongue being on said fixed ring.
3. An orbital hydroponicaeroponic unit as in claim 1 wherein:
said drum consisting of a plurality of parallel planks having a plurality of holes into which plants or seedlings are put in and said planks being set at the outer circumference of rotating ring when plants are large;
and said planks being set at the inner circumference of said rotating ring when plants are small or seedlings.
4. An orbital hydroponicaeroponic unit as in claim 3 wherein:
spacer planks with no said holes fill in spacing between said planks.
5. An orbital hydroponicaeroponic unit as in claim 4 wherein:
said drum consisting of a plurality of parallel planks having a plurality of holes and spacer planks with no said holes fill in spacing between said planks;
said planks and said spacer planks having attachment means to releasably attach them to the interior faces of said rotating rings.
6. An orbital hydroponicaeroponic unit as in claim 3 wherein:
said planks set at both the inner circumference and the outer circumference of said rotaing ring.
7. An orbital hydroponicaeroponic unit as in claim 1 wherein: a rotation motor inducing rotational speed to said drum by actuating a drive shaft by way of a shaft actuating means in turn driving a pair of rotating means;
said rotating means circumferencially engaging a rotating means ring situated at the inner diameter of said rotating ring.
8. An orbital hydroponicaeroponic unit as in claim 7 wherein:
said rotating means ring being a large gear.
9. An orbital hydroponicaeroponic unit as in claim 7 wherein:
an actuating means being generally in the form of chains and connecting by way of gears.
10. An orbital hydroponicaerponic unit as in claim 7 wherein:
said actuating means being generally in the form of belts and connecting by way of pulleys.
11. An orbital hydroponicaeroponic unit as in claim 7 wherein:
braces hold said fixed rings to said structural frame
12. An orbital hydroponicaeroponic unit as in claim 7 wherein:
said structural frame having said rotation motor and drive shaft attachment means fixedly attached to it.
13. An orbital hydroponicaeroponic unit as in claim 1 wherein:
each hatch has a light source container.