All The Claims

1. A computer-implemented method for occlusion estimation in dental prosthesis design, comprising:
determining, using one or more computer processors, based on an initial relative placement of a first 3D computer model of teeth and a second 3D computer model of teeth, a first contact point on the first 3D computer model of teeth that is closest to the second 3D computer model of teeth, wherein the first 3D computer model of teeth and the second 3D computer model of teeth represent occluding teeth;
iteratively performing motion simulation of relative motion between the first 3D computer model of teeth and the second 3D computer model of teeth to estimate occlusion between the first 3D computer model of teeth and the second 3D computer model of teeth, said performing motion simulation comprising:
determining, using a first set of contact points between the first 3D model of teeth and the second 3D model of teeth, a second set of contact points, said first set of contact points initially comprising the first contact point;
determining a set of candidate contact points to use in a subsequent motion simulation iteration based on the second set of contact points; and
determining whether the set of candidate contact points meets one or more predetermined stopping criteria and, if the set of candidate contact points do not meet one or more predetermined stopping criteria set, continuing iteratively performing motion simulation of relative motion between the first 3D computer model of teeth and the second 3D computer model of teeth to estimate occlusion between the first 3D computer model of teeth and the second 3D computer model of teeth; and
when a particular set of candidate contact points meets the one or more predetermined stopping criteria, determining a new relative placement of the first 3D model of teeth and the second 3D model of teeth based at least in part on the particular set of candidate contact points and, upon determining the new relative placement of the first 3D computer model of teeth and the second 3D computer model of teeth, ending iteration.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the method further comprises determining the second 3D computer model of teeth based at least in part on a scanned checkbite.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the method further comprises determining the initial relative placement of the first 3D computer model of teeth with respect to the second 3D computer model of teeth at least in part based on a scanned checkbite.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the method further comprises:
performing a scanning procedure to obtain the first 3D computer model of teeth and the second 3D computer model of teeth; and
determining the initial relative placement of the first 3D computer model of teeth with respect to the second 3D computer model of teeth at least in part based on a relative placement during the performance of the scanning procedure.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein determining the first contact point comprises simulating gravity acting on the second 3D computer model of teeth.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein using simulated motion comprises using a rigid-body motion simulation.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein using simulated motion comprises using a six-degree-of-freedom motion simulation.
8. The method of claim 1, wherein the method further comprises determining the direction of gravity based on an occlusal plane of the first 3D computer model of teeth.
9. The method of claim 8, wherein the method further comprises determining the occlusal plane of the first 3D computer model of teeth by simulating movement of one of a planar object falling and the first 3D computer model of teeth with respect to the other.
10. The method of claim 1, wherein determining the second set of contact points comprises simulating the motion of the second 3D computer model of teeth with respect to the first 3D computer model of teeth until one or more contact points are determined.
11. The method of claim 1, wherein the method further comprises determining a center of gravity of the second 3D computer model.
12. The method of claim 1, wherein determining whether the set of candidate contact points meets one or more predetermined stopping criteria comprises determining whether there are two contact points in the set of candidate contact points that are on opposite sides of a center of gravity of the second 3D computer model.
13. The method of claim 1, wherein determining whether the set of candidate contact points meets one or more predetermined stopping criteria comprises determining whether there are three contact points in the set of candidate contact points that form a triangle encompassing a center of gravity of the second 3D computer model.
14. A system for occlusion estimation in dental prosthesis design, comprising one or more computing devices, said computing devices being configured to:
determine, based on an initial relative placement of a first 3D computer model of teeth and a second 3D computer model of teeth, a first contact point on the first 3D computer model of teeth that is closest to the second 3D computer model of teeth, wherein the first 3D computer model of teeth and the second 3D computer model of teeth represent occluding teeth;
iteratively perform motion simulation of relative motion between the first 3D computer model of teeth and the second 3D computer model of teeth to estimate occlusion between the first 3D computer model of teeth and the second 3D computer model of teeth, said performing motion simulation comprising:
determining, using a first set of contact points between the first 3D computer model of teeth and the second 3D computer model of teeth, a second set of contact points, said first set of contact points initially comprising the first contact point;
determining a set of candidate contact points to use in a subsequent motion simulation iteration based on the second set of contact points; and
determining whether the set of candidate contact points meets one or more predetermined stopping criteria and, if the set of candidate contact points do not meet one or more predetermined stopping criteria set, continuing iteratively performing motion simulation of relative motion between the first 3D computer model of teeth and the second 3D computer model of teeth to estimate occlusion between the first 3D computer model of teeth and the second 3D computer model of teeth; and
when a particular set of candidate contact points meets the one or more predetermined stopping criteria, determine a new relative placement of the first 3D computer model of teeth and the second 3D computer model of teeth based at least in part on the particular set of candidate contact points and, upon determining the new relative placement of the first 3D computer model of teeth and the second 3D computer model of teeth, ending iteration.
15. A non-transitory computer readable storage medium comprising computer-executable instructions for occlusion estimation in dental prosthesis design, said instructions embodied on the computer-readable storage medium in a non-transitory manner, said computer-executable instructions, when running on one or more computing devices, performing a method comprising:
determining, using one or more computer processors, based on an initial relative placement of a first 3D computer model of teeth and a second 3D computer model of teeth, a first contact point on the first 3D computer model of teeth that is closest to the second 3D computer model of teeth, wherein the first 3D computer model of teeth and the second 3D computer model of teeth represent occluding teeth;
iteratively performing motion simulation of relative motion between the first 3D model of teeth and the second 3D computer model of teeth, said performing motion simulation comprising:
determining, using a first set of contact points between the first 3D computer model of teeth and the second 3D computer model of teeth, a second set of contact points, said first set of contact points initially comprising the first contact point;
determining a set of candidate contact points to use in a subsequent motion simulation iteration based on the second set of contact points; and
determining whether the set of candidate contact points meets one or more predetermined stopping criteria and, if the set of candidate contact points do not meet one or more predetermined stopping criteria set, continuing iteratively performing motion simulation of relative motion between the first 3D computer model of teeth and the second 3D computer model of teeth to estimate occlusion between the first 3D computer model of teeth and the second 3D computer model of teeth; and
when a particular set of candidate contact points meets the one or more predetermined stopping criteria, determining a new relative placement of the first 3D model of teeth and the second 3D model of teeth based at least in part on the particular set of candidate contact points and, upon determining the new relative placement of the first 3D computer model of teeth and the second 3D computer model of teeth, ending iteration.
16. The method of claim 1, further comprising performing a scanning procedure to obtain the first 3D computer model of teeth and the second 3D computer model of teeth.
17. The method of claim 1, further comprising receiving information from a scanning procedure to obtain the first 3D computer model of teeth and the second 3D computer model of teeth.
18. The method of claim 1, wherein determining whether the set of candidate contact points meets one or more predetermined stopping criteria comprises determining whether force normals on the first 3D computer model of teeth and the second 3D computer model of teeth are such that no additional rotation is possible in the motion simulation.
19. The method of claim 1, wherein the set of candidate contact points comprises at least one contact point from the second set of contact points.
20. The system of claim 14, wherein determining whether the set of candidate contact points meets one or more predetermined stopping criteria comprises determining whether there are two contact points in the set of candidate contact points that are on opposite sides of a center of gravity of the second 3D computer model.
21. The system of claim 14, wherein determining whether the set of candidate contact points meets one or more predetermined stopping criteria comprises determining whether there are three contact points in the set of candidate contact points that form a triangle encompassing a center of gravity of the second 3D computer model.
22. The method of claim 14, wherein determining whether the set of candidate contact points meets one or more predetermined stopping criteria comprises determining whether force normals on the first 3D model of teeth and the second 3D computer model of teeth are such that no additional rotation is possible in the motion simulation.
23. The system of claim 14, wherein the set of candidate contact points comprises at least one contact point from the second set of contact points.
24. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of claim 15, wherein determining whether the set of candidate contact points meets one or more predetermined stopping criteria comprises determining whether there are two contact points in the set of candidate contact points that are on opposite sides of a center of gravity of the second 3D computer model.
25. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of claim 15, wherein determining whether the set of candidate contact points meets one or more predetermined stopping criteria comprises determining whether there are three contact points in the set of candidate contact points that form a triangle encompassing a center of gravity of the second 3D computer model.
26. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of claim 15, wherein determining whether the set of candidate contact points meets one or more predetermined stopping criteria comprises determining whether force normals on the first 3D computer model of teeth and the second 3D computer model of teeth are such that no additional rotation is possible in the motion simulation.
27. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of claim 15, wherein the set of candidate contact points comprises at least one contact point from the second set of contact points.

The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.

1. A construction, comprising:
a facestock label assembly including a first label, a second label and a fold mechanism between them, at least one of the first label and the second label bearing a photograph and a machine readable code;
adhesive on a back side of the facestock label assembly;
a liner panel adhered with the adhesive to the first label; and
the label assembly being folded on the fold mechanism and the first and second labels being adhered together by the adhesive and disposed back-to-back with at least the liner panel disposed therebetween;
whereby the completed construction includes said two labels formed of facestock material with said liner panel sandwiched therebetween providing structural reinforcement for the labels, and having printing on at least one outwardly facing surface of at least one of said two labels; and
wherein the first label, the second label and the liner panel each have a through-hole, the through-holes all being aligned with one another.
2. An identification badge construction comprising:
a liner sheet;
a facestock sheet made of a flexible and printable material releasably adhered to the liner sheet;
the facestock sheet being cut to define therein a single identification badge section; and
the construction being fed into a printer for printing identification badge indicia including a photograph for exactly one identification badge onto said single identification badge section, such that after printing the identification badge section may be peeled away from the construction to define a single photographic identification badge; and
wherein the facestock sheet further has at least one weakened line disposed outside of the identification badge section, the weakened line being spaced apart from the identification badge section by at least some width of facestock material and extending from at least near a first edge to at least near a second edge of the facestock sheet to allow a leading edge of the label sheet to be more easily curled.
3. The identification badge construction of claim 2 further comprising means for releasably adhering the printable material to the liner sheet such that when the identification badge is removed from the release layer the identification badge is sufficiently non-sticky for placement into a transparent sleeve, said means being selected from the group consisting of:
adhesive applied to the liner and a release coating applied to the facestock sheet;
an ultra-removable adhesive applied to the liner; and
a non-pressure sensitive adhesive to bond said liner to said facestock sheet.
4. The identification badge construction of claim 2 wherein the facestock sheet is paper.
5. The identification badge construction of claim 2 further comprising means for releasably adhering the printable material to the liner sheet such that when the identification badge is removed from the release layer the identification badge is sufficiently non-sticky for placement into a transparent sleeve, said means including a release layer formed on a backside of the printable material and an adhesive applied to the liner sheet, the photographic identification badge being sufficiently non-sticky for placement into the transparent sleeve after being removed from the liner sheet.
6. The identification badge construction of claim 2 further comprising means for releasably adhering the printable material to the liner sheet such that when the identification badge is removed from the release layer the identification badge is sufficiently non-sticky for placement into a transparent sleeve, said means including an adhesive selected from the group consisting of dry laminate or an ultra-removable adhesive adhering the facestock and the liner together, such that the photographic identification badge is sufficiently non-sticky for placement into a transparent sleeve after being removed from the liner sheet.
7. The identification badge construction of claim 2 wherein the single photographic identification badge has a releasable adhesive layer on a backside thereon, such that the photographic identification badge can be releasably adhered to clothing.
8. The identification badge construction of claim 2 wherein the single photograph identification badge has a non-releasable adhesive layer on a backside thereon, such that the photographic identification badge can be permanently adhered to a substrate.
9. The identification badge construction of claim 2 wherein said photographic identification badge has a hole therein, the hole having two elongated side portion and an expanded central portion having a curved upper portion and a hole height at the curved upper portion that is greater than heights of either of the elongated side portions.
10. A method of creating a label badge comprising:
providing a label badge sheet construction, the label badge sheet construction comprising:
a facestock sheet having a photograph of a human face and a bar code printed on an exposed surface thereof by a desktop printer;
a transparent film releasably adhered to the facestock sheet;
a facestock weakened separation line through the facestock sheet but not through the film and defining at least a substantial portion of a perimeter of a facestock portion of a removable label assembly; and
a film weakened line through the film but not through the facestock sheet to define at least a substantial portion of a perimeter of the removable label assembly;

applying indicia on an exposed face of the label;
removing the label off of the transparent film, flipping the label over and reapplying said label in the same location on the transparent film but with the exposed face facing the transparent film such that the indicia is visible through the transparent film; and
with the label in the flipped over position, removing the label assembly including the flipped over label with indicia from the rest of the facestock sheet as a removed label assembly; and wherein:
the removed label assembly includes an adhesive border on the transparent film and around the label; and
the removed label assembly has a through-hole.
11. The method of claim 10 wherein the film weakened line perimeter is entirely outside of the facestock weakened line perimeter.
12. The method of claim 10 wherein the label badge construction further comprises adhesive between the transparent film and the facestock sheet.
13. The method of claim 12 wherein the label badge construction further comprises release coating on the facestock sheet and adjacent the adhesive.
14. The of claim 10 wherein the facestock weakened separation line defines a first facestock weakened separation line, and the facestock portion defines a first facestock portion, and the label badge construction further comprises a second facestock weakened line through the facestock sheet but not through the film and defining at least a substantial portion of a perimeter of a second facestock portion.
15. The method of claim 14 wherein the film includes a fold line dividing the removable label assembly in first and second label portions.
16. The method of claim 14 wherein the removable label assembly includes first and second label portions and a fold hinge interconnecting the portions.

1. A process for preparing a benzyl-protected flavan-3-one of (+)-catechin comprises the steps of:
(a) protecting the 5, 7, 3\u2032, and 4\u2032 phenolic hydroxyl groups of (+)-catechin with benzyl groups; and
(b) oxidizing the benzyl-protected (+)-catechin of step (a) with Dess-Martin periodinane to form (2R)-5, 7, 3\u2032, 4\u2032tetrakis(benzyloxy) flavan-3-one.
2. An alcohol inversion process for converting 5, 7, 3\u2032, 4\u2032-tetra-O-benzyl (\u2212)-catechintetra-O-benzyl-(+)-catechin to 5, 7, 3\u2032, 4\u2032-tetra-O-benzyl (\u2212)-epicatechintetra-O-benzyl-(\u2212)-epicatechin comprises the steps of:
(a) oxidizing 5, 7, 3\u2032, 4\u2032-tetra-O-benzyl-(\u2212)-catechintetra-O-benzyl-(+)-catechin with Dess-Martin periodinane to form (2R)-5, 7, 3\u2032, 4\u2032-tetrakis-(benzyloxy) flavan-3-one; and
(b) reducing the protected flavan-3-one of step (b) with lithium tri-sec-butylborohydride in the presence of a Lewis acid to form the 5, 7, 3\u2032, 4\u2032-tetra-O-benzyl-(\u2212)-epicatechin.
3. A process for preparing (2R)-5, 7, 3\u2032, 4\u2032-tetra-O-benzyl-(\u2212)-epicatechin comprises the steps of:
(a) protecting the 5, 7, 3\u2032, and 4\u2032 phenolic hydroxyl groups of (+)-catechin with benzyl groups;
(b) oxidizing the alcoholic hydroxyl group at the 3-position of the protected (+)-catechin of step (a) with Dess-Martin periodinane to form (2R)-5, 7, 3\u2032, 4\u2032-tetrakis (benzyloxy) flavan-3-one; and
(c) reducing the protected flavan-3-one of step (b) with lithium tri-see-butylborohydride in the presence of a Lewis acid to form the (2R)-5, 7, 3\u2032, 4\u2032-tetra-O-benzyl-(\u2212)-epicatechin.
4. The process of claim 1 or 3, wherein the protecting step is carried out with benzyl bromide in the presence of sodium hydride.
5. The process of claim 4, wherein the (+)-catechin is dissolved in anhydrous dimethylformamide.
6. The process of claim 5, wherein the benzyl bromide is added dropwise at room temperature to a stirred suspension of the (+)-catechin and sodium hydride in anhydrous dimethylformamide.
7. The process of claim 1, 2, or 3, wherein the oxidizing step is carried out in moist methylene chloride.
8. The process of claim 1, 2, or 3, further comprising the step of purifying the (2R)-5, 7, 3\u2032, 4\u2032-tetrakis (benzyloxy) flavan3-one by recrystallization from a chloroformether mixture.
9. The process of claim 2 or 3, wherein the reducing step is carried out with lithium-tri-sec-butylborohydride and a Lewis acid in tetrahydrofuran.
10. The process of claim 2 or 3, wherein the Lewis acid is anhydrous lithium bromide.
11. The process of claim 2 or 3, wherein the reaction mixture from the reducing step is treated with aqueous sodium hydroxide and then with aqueous hydrogen peroxide.
12. The process of claim 11, further comprising the step of adding ethanol to the reaction mixture.
13. The process of claim 12, further comprising the steps of dissolving the 5, 7, 3\u2032, 4\u2032-tetra-O-benzyl-epicatechintetra-O-benzyl-(\u2212)-epicatechin in chloroform, separating an aqueous phase and a chloroform phase, extracting the aqueous phase with chloroform, combining the chloroform phases, and dying the combined chloroform phase to recover crude 5, 7, 3\u2032, 4\u2032-tetra-O-benzyl-(\u2212)-epicatechin.
14. The process of claim 13, further comprising the step of dissolving the crude 5,7,3\u2032,4\u2032-tetra-O-benzyl-(\u2212)-epicatechin in a mixture of boiling ethyl acetate and ethanol and allowing the 5,7,3\u2032,4\u2032-tetra-O-benzyl-(\u2212)-epicatechin to crystallize.

The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.

1. Apparatus for electrically isolating a vehicle fuel receptacle from a vehicle body and tank system comprising: an exterior vehicle tank inlet receptacle engageable with a refueling nozzle; the receptacle comprising a vehicle body interior flange and a mating vehicle body exterior flange having an extending section interiorly concentric with the interior flange, the flanges disposed to sandwich the section of the vehicle body upon which the receptacle is mounted, the interior flange and the exterior flange affixed to the vehicle body by a plurality of fasteners insulated from the vehicle body wherein an insulating gasket essentially coextensive with the surface of the exterior receptacle flange is disposed between the exterior flange and the vehicle body.
2. Apparatus of claim 1 wherein the interior flange and the exterior flange and the insulating gasket are concentric and concentrically extending sections of the flanges and gasket are secured with respect to the vehicle body by electrically non-conducting fasteners.
3. Apparatus of claim 2 wherein the fasteners are electrically conductive and are insulated from the flanges and vehicle body by insulating grommets.
4. Apparatus of claim 1 including an o-ring disposed within the interior extending section of the interior flange adjacent the end of the concentric section of the exterior flange that extends within the interior flange.
5. Apparatus of claim 1 including an insulating sleeve disposed around the outer surface of the extending interior section of the exterior flange.
6. Apparatus of claim 4 wherein the sleeve extends beyond the end of the extending interior section of the exterior flange and folds inwardly at the end thereof.
7. Apparatus of claim 4 or claim 5 including a recessed o-ring disposed within the interior extending section of the interior flange between the sleeve and the extending section of the interior flange.
8. Apparatus of claim 4 or claim 5 including a pair of recessed o-rings, a first o-ring disposed within the interior extending section of the interior flange and a second o-ring disposed within the interior extending section of the exterior flange, the o-rings disposed within the flange sections such that the o-rings sandwich the sleeve.
9. Apparatus of claim 7 wherein one o-ring is formed from a metal and the second o-ring is formed from an electrically insulating material.
10. Apparatus of claim 4 or claim 5 wherein the sleeve comprises a cylindrical metallic collar having interior and outer surfaces covered with an electrical insulator.
11. Apparatus of claim 9 wherein the electrical insulator comprises a surface coating of a polymeric material.
12. Apparatus of claim 7 in which the o-rings are longitudinally offset from one another.
13. Apparatus of claim 7 in which the o-rings are longitudinally aligned with one another.
14. Apparatus for electrically isolating a vehicle fuel receptacle from the vehicle comprising a vehicle fuel tank inlet receptacle engageable with a refueling nozzle; the receptacle comprising (a) a vehicle body flange having an exterior flange section disposed with respect to the vehicle body and an interior section extending from the exterior section toward the vehicle body interior; (b) an insulating gasket disposed between the exterior flange and the vehicle body in a sandwich relationship; (c) a terminal plate affixed to the interior extending end section of the vehicle body flange; and (d) an electrically insulating plate gasket disposed between the end section of the vehicle body flange and the terminal plate; (e) the flange, gaskets and plate being collinearly concentrically aligned.
15. Apparatus of claim 13 wherein the insulating gasket disposed between the exterior flange and the vehicle body is flange shaped and has a central collar section extending over the inward extending section of the exterior flange between the outer circumference of the extending section and the vehicle body.
16. Apparatus of claim 14 wherein the circumferentially extending section of the exterior flange is concentrically aligned with the gasket and the flange and gasket are secured to the vehicle body by electrically insulating fasteners.
17. Apparatus of claim 14 wherein the circumferentially extending section of the exterior flange is concentrically aligned with the gasket and the flange and gasket are secured to the vehicle body by electrically conductive fasteners that are electrically insulated from the vehicle body by insulating grommets.
18. Apparatus of claim 13 wherein the plate at the exterior flange is concentrically aligned with the plate gasket and the flange and the flange and plate gasket are secured to the vehicle body by electrically insulating fasteners.
19. Apparatus of claim 13 wherein the circumferentially extending section of the exterior flange is concentrically aligned with the plate gasket and the flange and plate gasket are secured to the vehicle body by metal fasteners that are electrically insulated from the vehicle body by insulating grommets.
20. Apparatus of claim 13 wherein the plate gasket comprises a metal washer coated with an electrically insulating material.
21. Apparatus of claim 13 including a pair of concentric o-rings, a first o-ring recessed within the interior facing end of the extending section of the exterior flange, the second o-ring recessed within exterior facing end of the plate, wherein the plate gasket is disposed between the o-rings.
22. Apparatus of claim 15 or claim 16 including a reverse flange at the interior facing end of the extending section of the exterior flange having means for receiving therein a fastener for securing the plate.