All The Claims

1. A by-pass gas turbine engine including a primary and a secondary nozzle wherein the primary nozzle is situated radially within, but axially protruding from, the secondary nozzle characterised in that the primary and secondary nozzles have a substantially common central axis along their lengths and the direction of airflow exiting at least one of the primary or secondary nozzles is at an angle to the central axis of the engine and that the direction of airflow exiting each nozzle is at an angle to the other thereby promoting preferential distribution and mixing of the airflows.
2. An engine as claimed in claim 1 wherein the end of both the primary and secondary nozzles are truncated at oblique angles and oriented such that said oblique angles are oppositely orientated.
3. An engine as claimed in claims 2 to 4 wherein said oblique angle is in the range 0.5to 30.
4. An engine as claimed in claim 1 wherein the internal profile of one or both nozzles is arranged such that the airflow leaves the that nozzle at an angle to the axis of the nozzle, said axis taken to be perpendicular to end face of the nozzle.
5. An engine as substantially hereinbefore described with reference the accompanying drawings.

The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.

1. A surgical instrument, comprising:
a handle;
a first conductor;
a second conductor;
an end effector, comprising:
a first jaw;
a second jaw, wherein said first jaw is movable relative to said second jaw in order to capture tissue intermediate said first jaw and said second jaw;
a first electrode electrically coupled with said first conductor; and
a second electrode electrically coupled with said second conductor, wherein said second electrode comprises:
a first layer comprised of a material configured to conduct a first current when a first pressure is applied to said material, and wherein said material is configured to conduct a second current when a second pressure is applied to said material; and
a second layer comprised of a positive temperature coefficient material having a switching temperature, wherein said positive temperature coefficient material comprises a first electrical resistance at a first temperature below said switching temperature and a second electrical resistance at a second temperature above said switching temperature, wherein said second electrical resistance is greater than said first electrical resistance, and wherein said second layer comprises a tissue-contacting surface configured to contact the tissue captured between said first jaw and said second jaw.
2. The surgical instrument of claim 1, wherein said first jaw is movable between an open position, a first position, and a second position, wherein said first jaw is configured to apply said first pressure to said material when said first jaw is in said first position, and wherein said first jaw is configured to apply said second pressure to said material when said first jaw is in said second position.
3. The surgical instrument of claim 1, wherein said first current comprises a first amplitude, wherein said second current comprises a second amplitude, wherein said second pressure is larger than said first pressure, and wherein said second amplitude is larger than said first amplitude.
4. The surgical instrument of claim 1, wherein said material comprises:
a substrate material; and
a conductive material interdispersed within said substrate material in a first volumetric density when said first pressure is being applied to said material and a second volumetric density when said second pressure is being applied to said material, and wherein said second volumetric density is greater than said first volumetric density.
5. The surgical instrument of claim 1, wherein said second resistance is sufficient to inhibit the conduction of electrical current therethrough.
6. The surgical instrument of claim 1, wherein said first electrode is positioned in said first jaw, and wherein said second electrode is positioned in said second jaw.
7. A surgical instrument, comprising:
a handle;
a first conductor;
a second conductor; and
an end effector, comprising:
a first jaw;
a second jaw, wherein said first jaw is movable relative to said second jaw in order to capture tissue intermediate said first jaw and said second jaw;
a first electrode electrically coupled with said first conductor; and
a second electrode electrically coupled with said second conductor, wherein said second electrode comprises:
a first layer comprised of a material configured to conduct a first current when a first pressure is applied to said material, and wherein said material is configured to inhibit current from flowing through said material when a second pressure is applied to said material; and
a second layer comprised of a positive temperature coefficient material having a switching temperature, wherein said positive temperature coefficient material comprises a first electrical resistance at a first temperature below said switching temperature and a second electrical resistance at a second temperature above said switching temperature, wherein said second electrical resistance is greater than said first electrical resistance, and wherein said second layer comprises a tissue-contacting surface configured to contact the tissue captured between said first jaw and said second jaw.
8. The surgical instrument of claim 7, wherein said first jaw is movable between an open position, a first position, and a second position, wherein said first jaw is configured to apply said first pressure to said material when said first jaw is in said first position, and wherein said first jaw is configured to apply said second pressure to said material when said first jaw is in said second position.
9. The surgical instrument of claim 7, wherein said material comprises:
a substrate material; and
a conductive material interdispersed within said substrate material in a first volumetric density when said first pressure is being applied to said material and a second volumetric density when said second pressure is being applied to said material, and wherein said second volumetric density is greater than said first volumetric density.
10. The surgical instrument of claim 7, wherein said second resistance is sufficient to inhibit the conduction of electrical current therethrough.
11. The surgical instrument of claim 7, wherein said first electrode is positioned in said first jaw, and wherein said second electrode is positioned in said second jaw.
12. A surgical instrument, comprising:
a handle;
a first conductor;
a second conductor; and
an end effector, comprising:
a first jaw;
a second jaw, wherein said first jaw is movable relative to said second jaw in order to capture tissue intermediate said first jaw and said second jaw;
a first electrode electrically coupled with said first conductor; and
a second electrode electrically coupled with said second conductor, wherein said second electrode comprises:
a first layer comprised of a material configured to have a first electrical resistance when a first pressure is applied to said material, and wherein said material is configured to have a second electrical resistance when a second pressure is applied to said material; and
a second layer comprised of a positive temperature coefficient material having a switching temperature, wherein said positive temperature coefficient material comprises a first electrical resistance at a first temperature below said switching temperature and a second electrical resistance at a second temperature above said switching temperature which is greater than said first electrical resistance of said positive temperature coefficient material, and wherein said second layer comprises a tissue-contacting surface configured to contact the tissue captured between said first law and said second jaw.
13. The surgical instrument of claim 12, wherein said first jaw is movable between an open position, a first position, and a second position, wherein said first jaw is configured to apply said first pressure to said material when said first jaw is in said first position, and wherein said first jaw is configured to apply said second pressure to said material when said first jaw is in said second position.
14. The surgical instrument of claim 13, wherein said material comprises:
a substrate material; and
a conductive material interdispersed within said substrate material in a first volumetric density when said first pressure is being applied to said material and a second volumetric density when said second pressure is being applied to said material, and wherein said second volumetric density is greater than said first volumetric density.
15. The surgical instrument of claim 13, wherein said second resistance is sufficient to inhibit the conduction of electrical current therethrough.
16. The surgical instrument of claim 13, wherein said first electrode is positioned in said first jaw, and wherein said second electrode is positioned in said second jaw.

1. An image processing apparatus comprising:
a segmentation unit configured to segment an input image into a plurality of regions for respective attributes, the plurality of regions including at least an illustration region;
an extraction unit configured to extract color regions based on appearance colors from the illustration region segmented by the segmentation unit;
a vectorization unit configured to generate a plurality of vector data from contour lines of the color regions extracted from the illustration region, and to assign graphic attribute information to the vector data generated from the color regions included in the illustration region;
a detection unit configured to detect, from the plurality of vector data generated from the contour lines of the color regions, vector data corresponding to a circumscribed color region which contacts a region outside the illustration region;
a comparison unit configured to compare a color of the vector data of the circumscribed color region with a color of the region outside the illustration region;
a change unit configured to change, when the color of the vector data of the circumscribed color region and the color of the region outside the illustration region are the same or similar color as a result of the comparison, the graphic attribute information assigned to the vector data of the circumscribed color region of which the color is the same or similar with the color of the region outside the illustration region into attribute information of the region outside the illustration region; and
a generation unit configured to generate data of a predetermined format based on the vector data of the circumscribed color region having the changed attribute information and the vector data of the other color region having the graphic attribute information.
2. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the illustration region is a region where a contour of an object is clearer than a natural image, and the number of the appearance colors is limited.
3. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the attribute information is an identifier for specifying image processing to be applied to the color region, and is information representing one of a text, an image, graphics, and a line.
4. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the generated data of the predetermined format is one of PDF data, SVG data, and PDL data each including the attribute information, vector data, and image data.
5. The apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising a unit configured to generate attribute image data and image data based on the generated data of the predetermined format, and to specify image processing to be applied to the image data based on the attribute image data.
6. The apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising an editing unit that allows a user to perform an edit operation for the illustration region included in the data generated by the generation unit,
wherein when the edit operation is performed, said comparison unit and said change unit are further executed for the edited illustration region.
7. The apparatus according to claim 6, wherein the edit operation includes at least one of enlargement, reduction, copying, movement, and rotation.
8. An image processing method comprising:
segmenting an input image into a plurality of regions for respective attributes, the plurality of regions including at least an illustration region;
extracting color regions based on appearance colors from the segmented illustration region;
generating a plurality of vector data from contour lines of the color regions extracted from the illustration region, and assigning graphic attribute information to the vector data generated from the color regions included in the illustration region;
detecting, from the plurality of vector data generated from the contour lines of the color regions, vector data corresponding to a circumscribed color region which contacts a region outside the illustration region;
comparing a color of the vector data of the circumscribed color region with a color of the region outside the illustration region;
changing, when the color of the vector data of the circumscribed color region and the color of the region outside the illustration region are the same or similar color as a result of the comparison, the graphic attribute information assigned to the vector data of the circumscribed color region of which the color is the same or similar with the color of the region outside the illustration region into attribute information of the region outside the illustration region; and
generating data of a predetermined format based on the vector data of the circumscribed color region having the changed attribute information and the vector data of the other color region having the graphic attribute information.
9. A non-transitory computer-readable recording medium recording a program for causing a computer to execute an image processing method defined in claim 8.

The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.

1-13. (canceled)
14. A turbocharger with a wastegate duct, comprising:
an actuating device configured to selectively open and close the wastegate duct;
said actuating device including a closing element pivotally mounted for pivoting into the wastegate duct in order to close the wastegate duct.
15. The turbocharger according to claim 14, wherein the wastegate duct is formed with a contact surface and said closing element is formed to correspond to the contact surface.
16. The turbocharger according to claim 15, wherein said closing element, at least in a region in which said closing element lies against the contact surface, has a circular or spherical configuration, or is formed with a spherical segment.
17. The turbocharger according to claim 16, wherein said closing element has an axis extending at a predetermined distance parallel to an axis extending through a center of the extended circular portion andor the center of said spherical segment of said closing element.
18. The turbocharger according to claim 14, wherein said closing element has an axis extending at a predetermined distance parallel to an axis extending through a center of an end portion of said closing element.
19. The turbocharger according to claim 14, wherein the wastegate duct is formed with a corresponding contact surface against which said closing element lies in a closed state, and the contact surface together with said closing element establish substantially a line contact when said closing element closes the wastegate duct.
20. The turbocharger according to claim 19, wherein the contact surface is conical and contacts said closing element along a substantially circular line contact when the wastegate duct is closed by said closing element.
21. The turbocharger according to claim 20, wherein said actuating device comprises an arm connected to said closing element and pivoting said closing element between an open position and a closed position, in which the wastegate duct is fully closed.
22. The turbocharger according to claim 21, wherein said closing element has an axis spaced apart from a pivot axis of said arm.
23. The turbocharger according to claim 21, wherein said arm has a fulcrum spaced apart from an axis through said closing element.
24. The turbocharger according to claim 21, wherein said closing element has an axis intersecting a pivot axis of said arm.
25. The turbocharger according to claim 21, wherein said arm has a fulcrum and an axis through said closing element intersects said fulcrum.
26. The turbocharger according to claim 21, wherein said arm is an angled arm with an angled portion bent through substantially 90\xb0.
27. The turbocharger according to claim 26, wherein said angled portion of said arm has a receiver for said closing element.
28. The turbocharger according to claim 27, wherein said receiver for said closing element is configured such that said an axis of said closing element is inclined relative to a vertical of said fulcrum of said arm or coincides with the vertical of said fulcrum of said arm.
29. The turbocharger according to claim 21, wherein said arm is a continuous shaft having said closing element fastened thereto, and an axis of said closing element intersects an axis of rotation of said shaft.
30. The turbocharger according to claim 21, wherein said arm is a continuous shaft having said closing element fastened thereto, and an axis of said closing element is spaced from an axis of rotation of said shaft.
31. The turbocharger according to claim 14, wherein said actuating device is actuable by an actuator selected from the group consisting of at least one electric actuator and a pressure unit.