All The Claims

1. A method of directing messages within a computer system, wherein:
a message is to be directed to a predetermined set of services;
each service executes a command specified by the message;
the message comprises details of the predetermined set of services; and
each service in the predetermined set of services uses said details to determine whether the message should be sent to another service, and if it is determined that the message should be sent to another service transmits the message to an appropriate service.
2-146. (canceled)

The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.

1. A device, comprising:
a female connector to receive a male network connector of a network conduit;
a first male connector optically communicating with the female connector, where the first male connector includes a first indicator that identifies a first wavelength optical signal;
a second male connector optically communicating with the female connector, where the second male connector includes a second indicator that identifies a second wavelength optical signal; and
a wavelength splitter to:
receive an optical signal from the network conduit via the female connector,
provide the optical signal to the first male connector when the optical signal corresponds to the first wavelength optical signal, and
provide the optical signal to the second male connector when the optical signal corresponds to the second wavelength optical signal.
2. The device of claim 1, further comprising:
a first collimator lens provided between the female connector and the wavelength splitter;
a second collimator lens provided between the wavelength splitter and the first male connector; and
a third collimator lens provided between the wavelength splitter and the second male connector.
3. The device of claim 1, where the first indicator includes a first color and the second indicator includes a second color different than the first color.
4. The device of claim 1, where the first indicator includes a first graphic pattern and the second indicator includes a second graphic pattern different than the first graphic pattern.
5. The device of claim 1, where, when the device is utilized with an optical power meter, the device enables selection of a transceiver for receiving the male network connector of the network conduit.
6. The device of claim 1, where the transceiver includes a small form-factor pluggable (SFP) transceiver that operates at one of the first wavelength or the second wavelength.
7. The device of claim 1, where the device comprises an optical signal measurement device.
8. The device of claim 1, where the female connector is to receive at least one of:
a Local Connector (LC) male network connector;
a Ferrule Connector (FC) male network connector;
a Straight Tip (ST) male network connector;
a Standard Connector (SC) male network connector;
a biconic male network connector;
an Enterprise Systems Connection (ESCON) male network connector;
a Fiber Connectivity (FICON) male network connector;
a Fiber-Distributed Data Interface (FDDI) male network connector;
a loopback male network connector;
an Opti-Jack male network connector;
a Mechanical Transfer Registered Jack (MT-RJ) male network connector;
a D4 male network connector;
a MTP male network connector;
a MU male network connector; or
a SMA male network connector.
9. The device of claim 1, where the first male connector and the second male connector are to connect to an optical power meter.
10. The device of claim 1, where the network conduit includes a single fiber bi-directional communications (SFBDC) conduit.
11. A device, comprising:
a male connector to connect to an optical power meter;
a first female connector to receive a network connector of a network conduit, where the first female connector optically communicates with the male connector, and where the first female connector includes a first indicator that identifies a first wavelength optical signal;
a second female connector to receive the network connector of the network conduit, where the second female connector optically communicates with the male connector, and where the second female connector includes a second indicator that identifies a second wavelength optical signal;
a wavelength splitter to:
receive a first optical signal from the network conduit via the first female connector, and
provide the first optical signal to the male connector when the first optical signal corresponds to the first wavelength optical signal; and
a mirror to:
receive a second optical signal from the network conduit via the second female connector, and
reflect the second optical signal to the wavelength splitter, where the wavelength splitter is further to:
provide the second optical signal to the male connector when the second optical signal corresponds to the second wavelength optical signal.
12. The device of claim 11, further comprising:
a first collimator lens provided between the first female connector and the wavelength splitter;
a second collimator lens provided between the second female connector and the mirror; and
a third collimator lens provided between the wavelength splitter and the male connector.
13. The device of claim 11, where the first indicator includes a first color and the second indicator includes a second color different than the first color.
14. The device of claim 11, where the first indicator includes a first graphic pattern and the second indicator includes a second graphic pattern different than the first graphic pattern.
15. The device of claim 11, where, when the male connector connects to the optical power meter, the device enables selection of a transceiver for receiving the network connector of the network conduit.
16. The device of claim 11, where the transceiver includes a small form-factor pluggable (SFP) transceiver that operates at one of the first wavelength or the second wavelength.
17. The device of claim 11, where the device comprises an optical signal measurement device.
18. The device of claim 11, where each of the first female connector and the second female connector is to receive at least one of:
a Local Connector (LC) male network connector;
a Ferrule Connector (FC) male network connector;
a Straight Tip (ST) male network connector;
a Standard Connector (SC) male network connector;
a biconic male network connector;
an Enterprise Systems Connection (ESCON) male network connector;
a Fiber Connectivity (FICON) male network connector;
a Fiber-Distributed Data Interface (FDDI) male network connector;
a loopback male network connector;
an Opti-Jack male network connector;
a Mechanical Transfer Registered Jack (MT-RJ) male network connector;
a D4 male network connector;
a MTP male network connector;
a MU male network connector; or
a SMA male network connector.
19. The device of claim 11, where the network conduit includes a single fiber bi-directional communications (SFBDC) conduit.
20. A system comprising:
an optical power meter; and
a device that includes:
a first connector to receive a network connector of a network conduit,
a second connector optically communicating with the first connector, where the second connector includes a first indicator that identifies a first wavelength optical signal,
a third connector optically communicating with the first connector, where the third connector includes a second indicator that identifies a second wavelength optical signal; and
a wavelength splitter to:
receive an optical signal from the network conduit via the first connector, provide the optical signal to the optical power meter via the second connector when the optical signal corresponds to the first wavelength optical signal, and
provide the optical signal to the optical power meter via the third connector when the optical signal corresponds to the second wavelength optical signal.

1. A piezoelectric film laminate comprising:
a lithium tantalate substrate; and
a lead zirconate titanate niobate layer formed above the lithium tantalate substrate.
2. A piezoelectric film laminate according to claim 1, wherein the lithium tantalate substrate is a 36\xb0-42\xb0 Y-cut single crystal substrate.
3. A piezoelectric film laminate according to claim 2, wherein the lead zirconate titanate niobate layer is oriented in a (100) plane in a cubic system expression, and an angle defined between the (100) plane and a surface of the lithium tantalate substrate is 3\xb0 or greater but 10\xb0 or smaller.
4. A piezoelectric film laminate according to claim 3, wherein a cubic (100) plane of the lead zirconate titanate niobate layer is in parallel with a (012) plane of the lithium tantalate substrate.
5. A piezoelectric film laminate according to claim 4, wherein a 011 vector of the lead zirconate titanate niobate layer is epitaxially grown in a direction in parallel with a \u22122110 vector of the lithium tantalate substrate.
6. A piezoelectric film laminate according to claim 5, wherein the lead zirconate titanate niobate layer is in a rhombohedral (100) orientation, and a vector formed by projecting a polarization vector 111 thereof to a (012) plane of the lithium tantalate substrate is in parallel and in the same orientation with a vector formed by projecting a polarization vector of the lithium tantalate substrate to the (012) plane.
7. A piezoelectric film laminate according to claim 5, wherein the lead zirconate titanate niobate layer is in a tetragonal (001) orientation, and a polarization vector 001 thereof is in parallel and in the same orientation with a vector formed by projecting a polarization vector of the lithium tantalate substrate to a normal vector of the (012) plane of the lithium tantalate.
8. A device comprising the piezoelectric film laminate set forth in claim 1.

The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.

1. A computer-implemented block encryption method, comprising:
(a) obtaining a first vector and a second vector;
(b) dividing an electronic file into a plurality of message blocks, wherein the message blocks have a sequence;
(c) adding a checking vector into the message blocks as the last one of the message blocks;
(d) performing the following operations on each of the message blocks according to the sequence:
(d1) generating an input block, wherein a value of the input block is equal to a value obtained by performing an XOR operation on the message block, an output block corresponding to a previous message block of the message block, and a message block before the previous message block of the message block;
(d2) encrypting the input block by using a key to obtain an output block; and
(d3) performing an XOR operation on the output block and the previous message block of the message block to obtain an encrypted block; and

(e) concatenating the encrypted blocks according to the sequence to generate an electronic encrypted file,
wherein the output block corresponding to the previous message block of the message block is the first vector and the message block before the previous message block of the message block is an all-zero vector when the step (d) processes the first one of the message blocks,
wherein the message block before the previous message block of the message block is the second vector when the step (d) processes the second one of the message blocks.
2. The block encryption method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the step (d1) generates the input block by performing an XOR operation on the message block and the encrypted block corresponding to the previous message block of the message block.
3. The block encryption method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the step (d1) comprises:
performing an XOR operation on the message block and the message block before the previous message block of the message block to obtain a temporary block, and
performing an XOR operation on the temporary block and the output block corresponding to the previous message block of the message block to obtain the input block.
4. The block encryption method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the step (d1), the step (d2), and the step (d3) include the following steps:
obtaining a plurality of temporary blocks by performing the following operation on each of the message blocks:
performing an XOR operation on the message block and the message block before the previous message block of the message block;

encrypting the temporary blocks into the output blocks by using the key, the first vector and a cipher block chaining device; and
performing an XOR operation on each of the output blocks and the corresponding previous message block to obtain the encrypted blocks.
5. The block encryption method as claimed in claim 1, further comprising:
performing an XOR operation on the encrypted blocks to obtain a temporary block before processing the last one of the message blocks; and
performing a function operation on the temporary block to obtain the checking vector.
6. The block encryption method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the function operation is one of a key encrypting operation, a rotation operation and a hash operation.
7. A computer-implemented block decryption method, comprising:
(a) obtaining a first vector and a second vector,
(b) dividing an electronic encrypted file into a plurality of encrypted blocks, wherein the encrypted blocks have a sequence,
(c) performing the following operations on each of the encrypted blocks according to the sequence:
(c1) generating an input block, wherein a value of the input block is equal to a value obtained by performing an XOR operation on the encrypted block, an output block corresponding to a previous encrypted block of the encrypted block and an encrypted block before the previous encrypted block of the encrypted block,
(c2) decrypting the input block by using a key to obtain an output block, and
(c3) generating a message block, wherein a value of the message block is equal to a value obtained by performing an XOR operation on the output block and the previous encrypted block of the encrypted block,

(d) comparing the last one of the message blocks with a checking vector, and
(e) concatenating the message blocks excluding the last one of the message blocks according to the sequence to generate a decrypted file when the last one of the message blocks is the same as the checking vector,
wherein the output block corresponding to the previous encrypted block of the encrypted block is the second vector and the encrypted block before the previous encrypted block of the encrypted block is an all-zero vector when the step (c) processes the first one of the encrypted blocks, and the encrypted block before the previous encrypted block of the encrypted block is the first vector when the step (c) processes the second one of the encrypted blocks.
8. The block decryption method as claimed in claim 7, wherein the step (c1) generates the input block by performing an XOR operation on the encrypted block and the message block corresponding to the previous encrypted block of the encrypted block, and the step (c3) generates the message block by performing an XOR operation on the output block and the previous encrypted block of the encrypted block.
9. The block decryption method as claimed in claim 7, wherein the step (c1) generates the input block by performing an XOR operation on the encrypted block and the message block corresponding to the previous encrypted block of the encrypted block, and the step (c3) obtains the message block by performing an XOR operation on the message block corresponding to the encrypted block before the previous encrypted block of the encrypted block, the output block and the input block corresponding to the previous encrypted block of the encrypted block, and wherein the message block corresponding to the encrypted block before the previous encrypted block of the encrypted block is an all-zero vector and the input block corresponding to the previous encrypted block of the encrypted block is the first vector when the step (c3) processes the first one of the encrypted blocks, and the message block corresponding to the encrypted block before the previous encrypted block of the encrypted block is the second vector when the step (c3) processes the second one of the encrypted blocks.
10. The block decryption method as claimed in claim 7, further comprising:
performing an XOR operation on the encrypted blocks excluding the last one of the encrypted blocks to obtain a temporary block, and
performing a function operation on the temporary block to obtain the checking vector.
11. The block decryption method as claimed in claim 10, wherein the function operation is one of a key encrypting operation, a rotation operation and a hash operation.
12. A computer-implemented block decryption method, comprising:
(f) obtaining a first vector and a second vector,
(g) dividing an electronic encrypted file into a plurality of encrypted blocks, wherein the encrypted blocks have a first sequence and the last one of the encrypted blocks is a reference vector,
(h) excluding the last one of the encrypted blocks,
(i) re-arranging the encrypted blocks according to a second sequence after the step (h), wherein the second sequence is reverse to the first sequence,
(j) adding the first vector into the encrypted blocks as the last one of the encrypted blocks,
(k) performing the following operations on each of the encrypted blocks according to the second sequence:
(k1) generating an input block, wherein a value of the input block is equal to a value obtained by performing an XOR operation on the encrypted block, an output block corresponding to a previous encrypted block of the encrypted block, and an encrypted block before the previous encrypted block of the encrypted block,
(k2) encrypting the input block by using a key to obtain an output block, and
(k3) generating a message block by performing an XOR operation on the output block and the previous encrypted block of the encrypted block,

(l) comparing the last one of the message blocks with the second vector, and
(m) when the last one of the message blocks is the same as the second vector, excluding the last one of the message blocks and then concatenating the other message blocks according to the second sequence to generate a decrypted file,
wherein the output block corresponding to the previous encrypted block of the encrypted block is the checking vector and the encrypted block before the previous block of the encrypted block is an all-zero vector when the step (k1) processes the first one of the encrypted blocks, and the encrypted block before the previous encrypted block of the encrypted block is the reference vector when the step (k1) processes the second one of the encrypted blocks.
13. The block decryption method as claimed in claim 12, wherein the step (k1) generates the input block by performing an XOR operation on the encrypted block and the message block corresponding to the previous encrypted block of the encrypted block.
14. The block decryption method as claimed in claim 12, further comprising:
performing an XOR operation on the encrypted blocks excluding the last one of the encrypted blocks to obtain a temporary block after the step (g); and
performing a function operation on the temporary block to obtain the checking vector.
15. The block decryption method as claimed in claim 14, wherein the function operation is one of a key encrypting operation, a rotation operation and a hash operation.
16. The block decryption method as claimed in claim 12, wherein the step (k1), the step (k2) and the step (k3) of the step (k) include the following steps:
(n1) using the encrypted blocks, the checking vector, the reference vector and the key as the message blocks, the first vector, the second vector and the key respectively used in the operation (d) performed by the block encryption apparatus as claimed in claim 1, and
(n2) performing the operation (d) as claimed in claimed 1 by using the block encryption apparatus as claimed in claim 1 to obtain the message blocks.