All The Claims

1. A cutting and dust collecting assembly, comprising:
(a) a circular saw blade having a first side, a second side, a peripheral portion defining the working part of the saw blade, and a centre of rotation,
(b) a blade guard extending over the saw blade around at least half of its circumference, a side wall of the blade guard on the second side of the blade covering or at least substantially extending around the centre of rotation of the blade,
(c) a cover device which is elongated in a direction perpendicular to said centre of rotation, and has a first end defined as a front end with respect to a vertical plane which coincides with said centre of rotation, a second end defined as a rear end with respect to said vertical plane, a top member with a top surface, a base plate with a bottom surface extending in a plane at a distance from the top member, two elongated side walls facing one another, and a longitudinal passage for the saw blade, extending through the cover device from the top surface to the bottom surface in a region between the front and rear ends of the cover device, said top member, said base plate, and said side walls defining between them a space, including a front portion and a rear portion, said rear portion forming part of a terminal chamber,
(d) the blade guard and the cover device being pivotally connected to one another via a hinge in or adjacent to a lower, rear corner of the blade guard, such that the saw blade can be moved upwards and downwards in said passage in the cover device through turning in said hinge, allowing a segment of the saw blade to be moved beyond the plane of the bottom surface of the cover device, down into a work object, during which movement said centre of rotation, which is positioned above the cover device, is displaced relative to the cover device,
(e) a terminal member provided at the rear of said hinge, comprising said terminal chamber having an inlet port associated with the longitudinal passage of the bottom surface and an outlet port which can be connected to a vacuum source, and
(f) the direction of rotation of the saw blade being such that the rear part of said segment which has passed beyond the bottom surface of the cover device will move in a direction upwards-rearwards towards the bottom surface, said direction being clock-wise when the saw blade is viewed in a direction towards the first side of the blade.
2. An assembly according to claim 1, wherein said passage for the saw blade includes an upper slot in said top member and a bottom slot in the base plate.
3. An assembly according to claim 2, wherein the cover device has a front opening.
4. An assembly according to claim 1, wherein the cover device is provided with centering means on its top member for centering the slots of the cover device in relation to the saw blade.
5. An assembly according to claim 2, wherein the bottom slot in the base plate of the cover device is longer than the upper slot, a rear portion of the upper slot extending beyond the rear end of the upper slot, and that the dust inlet of the terminal chamber consist of a section of or of the whole of said sear section of the bottom slot.
6. An assembly according to claim 2, wherein said upper and lower slots which are essentially equally long, and that the dust inlet of the terminal chamber consists of one or more apertures in the base plate of the cover device at a distance from the rear end of the bottom slot.
7. An assembly according to claim 5, wherein a section of the base plate of the cover device extends a distance from the inlet port of the terminal chamber, and that the plane of the bottom surface of said rear portion coincides with the bottom surface of the main part of the base plate which comprises the bottom slot.
8. An assembly according to claim 1, wherein the cover device includes two sections which are separate but can be connected to one another, namely a rear section which comprises terminal member and the inlet port to and the outlet port from the terminal chamber, and a front section in which the longitudinal passage for the saw blade is provided.
9. An assembly according to claim 8, wherein the bottom surface of the front section and the bottom surface of the terminal member lie in the same plane when the two sections are assembled, and that they together form the bottom surface of the cover device.
10. An assembly according to claim 8, wherein the inlet port of the terminal chamber in the terminal member is provided in the bottom of the terminal member.
11. An assembly according to claim 8, wherein said passage communicates with the terminal chamber when the front section is connected to the terminal member.
12. An assembly according to claim 8, wherein the front section and the terminal member are connectable with one another through a quick coupling, preferably a snap lock coupling.
13. An assembly according to claim 1, wherein adjustment members are provided on at least a first element, which is one of the elements which consist of cover device and blade guard, said adjustment members being provided to be able to be displaced towards a second of said elements in order to align the blade guard in relation to the cover device so that the plane of the saw blade is maintained parallel, or is caused to adopt a new position which is parallel with a longitudinal centre line of those slots of grooves which are provided for the saw blade in the cover device.
14. An assembly according to claim 13, wherein said adjustment members are pressed against one or several surface regions on said second element or elements, which definesdefine planes which are perpendicular to the axis of rotation of a hinge, which connects the blade guard and the cover device with one another.
15. An assembly according to claim 14, wherein at least one projecting member projects upwards from the cover device into the blade guard, between the saw blade and a side wall of the blade guard in a region between the hinge and the driving shaft of the saw blade, and that said adjustment membermembers isare provided to be pressed against said projecting membermembers.
16. An assembly according to claim 15, wherein said projecting member consists of a holder for said adjusting membermembers, which isare provided to be pressed against a preferably flat surface region on the inside surface of the side wall of the blade guard, said surface region defining a plane which is perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the hinge.
17. An assembly according to claim 16, wherein holders are provided on each side of the saw blade, between the saw blade and each blade guard side wall, that the blade guard side walls have flat inside surfaces within at least those surface regions which face said adjustment members in all conceivable rotational positions of the blade guard, and that the surfaces within said surface regions define planes which are perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the hinge.
18. An assembly according to claim 17, wherein the adjustment members consist of adjustment screws.

The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.

1. A high frequency electronic circuit for driving a load with a first impedance, comprising:
a first high frequency electronic stage including at least one nanoscale device and outputting an electronic signal with an output current insufficient to effectively drive the load; and
a second high frequency electronic stage electronically coupled to said first stage and configured to receive said electronic signal from said first stage, having an input with a second impedance at least an order of magnitude greater than said first impedance, said second stage including a plurality of nanoscale devices in parallel;
wherein the number of said nanoscale devices in said second stage is chosen to provide a total transconductance such that said second stage is operable to effectively drive the load.
2. The electronic circuit of claim 1, wherein said second stage is effectively matched to the load over a majority of an operational frequency range of said circuit.
3. The electronic circuit of claim 1, wherein said circuit dissipates power and at least half of the power dissipated in said circuit is dissipated in said second stage.
4. The electronic circuit of claim 1, wherein said second impedance is at least 10 k\u03a9 and said first impedance is no more than 200\u03a9.
5. The electronic circuit of claim 1, wherein said nanoscale devices are selected from at least one of carbon nanotube field effect transistors, nanowire transistors, quantum dots, and molecular transistors.
6. The electronic circuit of claim 1, wherein said nanoscale devices each have a transconductance of less than 1 mS.
7. The electronic circuit of claim 1, wherein said second impedance is at least two orders of magnitude greater than said first impedance.
8. The electronic circuit of claim 1, wherein said second stage is effectively matched to the load without the use of passive electronic components to reduce power reflection from said load.
9. The electronic circuit of claim 1, wherein said electronic circuit is a monolithic, lumped-element device.
10. The electronic circuit of claim 1, wherein the load is a single transmission line and said circuit is configured to transmit said electronic signal to an external electronic system using said single transmission line.
11. The electronic circuit of claim 1, wherein said second stage functions as an impedance transforming stage by stepping down impedance with a voltage gain less than or equal to unity.
12. The electronic circuit of claim 1, wherein said first stage is configured to operate as at least one of an amplifier, a phase shifter, a mixer, a power combiner, a filter, or a power splitter.
13. The electronic circuit of claim 1, wherein said first stage comprises a plurality of amplifiers connected in series, wherein at least one of said plurality of amplifiers includes a nanoscale device.
14. The electronic circuit of claim 1, wherein said first stage comprises a plurality of electronic circuits connected in series, wherein at least one of said plurality of circuits includes a nanoscale device.
15. The electronic circuit of claim 1, wherein said first stage is configured to receive a plurality of electronic signals from more than one source and at least one of said nanoscale devices is configured to combine said plurality of electronic signals.
16. The electronic circuit of claim 1, wherein said second stage includes a plurality of output stages and each output stage is configured to effectively drive a separate load.
17. The electronic circuit of claim 1, wherein said second stage includes a plurality of output stages and each output stage is fabricated from a plurality of nanoscale devices.
18. The electronic circuit of claim 1, wherein said second stage includes a plurality of output stages and each output stage is electronically coupled to said first stage.
19. The electronic circuit of claim 1, wherein said electronic signal has a frequency between 300 MHz and 30 GHz.
20. The electronic circuit of claim 1, wherein said electronic signal has a frequency of at least 30 GHz.
21. A high frequency electronic receiver including the high frequency circuit of claim 1, comprising:
one or more high frequency electronic amplifiers in electrical communication with an antenna and including at least one nanoscale device;
one or more electronic mixing elements configured to receive an electronic signal from at least one of said amplifiers and including at least one nanoscale device;
one or more phase shifting electronic elements configured to receive an electronic signal from at least one of said mixing elements and including at least one nanoscale device; and
one or more electronic signal combining elements configured to receive an electronic signal from at least one of said phase shifting elements.
22. The electronic receiver of claim 20, wherein said mixing element is a double-balanced image-reject mixer including at least one double-balance mixer, at least one 90 degree phase shifter, and a differential power combiner.
23. The electronic receiver of claim 20, wherein said receiver has a pass band and further comprising:
an RF filter configured to present to a high impedance within said pass band of said receiver.

1. A laminated body comprising:
a resin base material;
a first layer laminated over at least part of the resin base material; and
a second layer laminated on the other surface of the first layer opposite to the surface on which the resin base material is laminated,
wherein
the first layer is formed by curing a first composition that comprises: an inorganic polymer obtainable by hydrolytic condensation of inorganic polymer components including a silane compound; a water-soluble polyfunctional (meth)acrylate; and an active energy ray polymerization initiator,
the silane compound is represented by the following formula (1):
Si(R1)p(OR2)4-p\u2003\u2003(1)
wherein R1 represents a C1-30 organic group containing a polymerizable double bond; R2 represents a C1-6 alkyl group; p is 1 or 2; when p is 2, the R1s may be the same as or different from one another; and the R2s may be the same as or different from one another, and
the second layer is formed by curing a second composition that comprises a thermosetting organosiloxane.
2. The laminated body according to claim 1,
wherein
the water-soluble polyfunctional (meth)acrylate in the first composition is an oxyalkylene-modified glycerin (meth)acrylate represented by the formula (2)
wherein R5 represents an ethylene group or a propylene group; R6 represents a hydrogen or a methyl group; R7 represents a hydrogen or a methyl group; the sum of x, y and z is an integer of 6 to 30; and the R5s, the R6s and the R7s may be same as or different from one another; or
an alkylene glycol di(meth)acrylate represented by the formula (3):
wherein R8 represents a hydrogen or a methyl group; R9 represents an ethylene group or a propylene group; and p is an integer of 1 to 25.
3. The laminated body according to claim 1,
wherein
the thermosetting organosiloxane in the second composition is a hydrolysis condensation product of components including a silane compound represented by the formula (4):
Si(R11)m(OR12)4-m\u2003\u2003(4)
wherein R11 represents a phenyl group, a C1-30 alkyl group, or a C1-30 hydrocarbon group containing an epoxy group; R12 represents a C1-6 alkyl group; in is an integer of 0 to 2; when m is 2, the R11s may be the same as or different from one another; and the R12s may be the same as or different from one another.
4. The laminated body according to claim 2,
wherein
the thermosetting organosiloxane in the second composition is a hydrolysis condensation product of components including a silane compound represented by the formula (4):
Si(R11)m(OR12)4-m\u2003\u2003(4)
wherein R11 represents a phenyl group, a C1-30 alkyl group, or a C1-30 hydrocarbon group containing an epoxy group; R12 represents a C1-6 alkyl group; m is an integer of 0 to 2; when m is 2, the R11s may be the same as or different from one another; and the R12s may be the same as or different from one another.
5. The laminated body according to claim 1,
wherein
the resin base material is a polycarbonate resin base material.
6. The laminated body according to claim 2,
wherein
the resin base material is a polycarbonate resin base material.
7. The laminated body according to claim 3,
wherein
the resin base material is a polycarbonate resin base material.
8. The laminated body according to claim 4,
wherein
the resin base material is a polycarbonate resin base material.

The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.

1. A method for controlling quantization scales when encoding video signals, comprising:
(a) obtaining a number of changes in the quantization scales of within a time period;
(b) generating a new quantization scale; and
(c) comparing the number of changes with a predetermined value to determine whether to replace a prior quantization scale with the new quantization scale; wherein when the number of changes exceeds the predetermined value, retain the prior quantization scale instead of replacing it with the new quantization scale.
2. The method of claim 1 wherein the predetermined value is a specific number of changes in the quantization scales within the time period.
3. The method of claim 1 wherein the predetermined value is a specific number of changes in the quantization scales during the quantization of a predetermined number of macro blocks in the video signals.
4. The method of claim 1 wherein the method further comprises performing steps (a) and (b) using a rate controller.
5. The method of claim 1 wherein the method further comprises performing steps (a) and (b) by executing a video encoding program.
6. The method of claim 1 wherein the method further comprises comparing the new quantization scale with the prior quantization scale, and if the difference between the new quantization scale and the prior quantization scale exceeds a predetermined range, even if the number of changes in the quantization scales has exceeded the predetermined value, replace the prior quantization scale with the new quantization scale.
7. The method of claim 1 wherein the method further comprises comparing the new quantization scale with the prior quantization scale, and if the difference between the new quantization scale and the prior quantization scale does not exceed a predetermined range, comparing the number of changes in the quantization scales with the predetermined value to determine whether or not to replace the prior quantization scale with the new quantization scale.
8. The method of claim 1 wherein the time period is a predetermined duration or a specific period required for quantizing a predetermined number of macro blocks in the video signals.
9. A video quantizing device for quantizing video signals to generate a quantized matrix comprising:
a rate controller for providing quantization scales; and
a quantizer electrically connected to the rate controller for quantizing the video signals according to the quantization scales;
wherein the rate controller obtains a number of changes in the quantization scales and compares it with a predetermined value during encoding the video signals, and when the rate controller generates a new quantization scale, if the number of changes in the quantization scales exceeds the predetermined value, the rate controller does not replace a prior quantization scale used in the quantizer with the new quantization scale.
10. The device of claim 9 wherein the predetermined value is a specific number of changes in the quantization scales within a time period.
11. The device of claim 9 wherein the predetermined value is a specific number of changes in the quantization scales during the quantization of a predetermined number of macro blocks in the video signals.
12. The device of claim 9 wherein the rate controller compares the new quantization scale with the prior quantization scale, and if the difference between the new quantization scale and the prior quantization scale exceeds a predetermined range, even if the number of changes in the quantization scales has exceeded the predetermined value, the rate controller still provides the new quantization scale to the quantizer to replace the prior quantization scale.
13. The device of claim 9 wherein the rate controller compares the new quantization scale with the prior quantization scale, and if the difference between the new quantization scale and the prior quantization scale does not exceed a predetermined range, the rate controller compares the number of changes in the quantization scales with the predetermined value to determine whether or not to replace the prior quantization scale with the new quantization scale.
14. A method for encoding digital video signals, the digital video signals including a plurality of macro blocks, the method comprising:
(a) encoding a current macro block using a first quantization scale;
(b) obtaining historical quantization scale variance; and
(c) determining whether to encode a next macro block using a second quantization scale instead of the first quantization scale according to the history quantization scale variance.
15. The method of claim 14, wherein the step (b) is performed by counting a number of quantization scale changes within a given time period or within a time period required for quantizing a predetermined number of macro blocks.
16. The method of claim 15, wherein the step (c) is performed by comparing the number of quantization scale changes within a given period of time with a predetermined value.
17. The method of claim 14, wherein the step (c) further comprises determining whether to encode the next macro block using the second quantization scale instead of the first quantization scale according to the history quantization scale variance and a difference between the first quantization scale and the second quantization scale.
18. An apparatus for encoding digital video signals, the digital video signals including a plurality of macro blocks, the apparatus comprising:
a rate controller for providing a quantization scale; and
a quantizer coupled for receiving the quantization scale to perform quantization to respective one of the macro blocks;
wherein whether the quantization scale provided by the quantizer is replaced with a new value is determined by evaluating quantization scale variance of previously quantized macro blocks.
19. The apparatus of claim 18, wherein when the quantization scale variance of the previously quantized macro blocks exceeds a first threshold, the quantization scale provided by the quantizer is not replaced by the new value.
20. The apparatus of claim 18, wherein when the new value is significantly different from a prior value, the quantization scale provided by the quantizer is replaced with the new value even if the quantization scale variance of the previously quantized macro blocks exceeds the first threshold.
21. The apparatus of claim 18, wherein the evaluating quantization scale variance of previously quantized macro blocks is performed by counting a number of quantization scale changes within a given time period or within a time period required for quantizing a predetermined number of macro blocks.