All The Claims

1. A machine implemented method for circuit analysis, the method comprising:
determining, through a processor, a representation of a first current, drawn by a group of cells from a power supplying network of a circuit in a clock cycle, using data indicating probabilities of state switching at the cells of the group that includes determining a first number of cells from the group of cells that switch together in a same clock cycle, the representation of the first current specifying the first current as a non-constant function of time in the clock cycle, wherein the first number of the cells is determined from the data indicating probabilities of state switching at the cells of the group such that a probability of more than the first number of cells of the group switching in the same clock cycle is about a predetermined value; and wherein the determining the representation of the first current comprises
selecting first cells of the first number from the group to determine the representation of the first current from currents drawn by the first number of the first cells when the first cells switch together in the same clock cycle and wherein said determining the representation of the first current further comprises
determining a representation of a second current, drawn by one of the cells of the group.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the representation of the second current specifies the second current as a non-constant function of time in a clock cycle.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein the representation of the second current is determined from an amount of energy dissipation in the one of the cells during switching in state in a clock cycle.
4. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
determining equivalent resistance and capacitance parameters for second cells of the group when the second cells do not switch, the second cells not including any of the first cells.
5. The method of claim 4, further comprising:
modeling the group of cells using at least a current source according to the representation of the first current and the equivalent resistance and capacitance parameters.
6. The method of claim 5, further comprising:
determining well capacitance parameters for the cells of the group;
wherein the group of cells is further modeled using the well capacitance parameters.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein the cells of the group comprise technology specific standard cells for implementing the circuit on an Integrated Circuit (IC) chip.
8. The method of claim 1, wherein the data indicating probabilities of state switching at the cells comprise toggle rates of the cells.
9. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
selecting cells of a design of the circuit into the group so that an average power dissipation of the group is at about a predetermined level.
10. A machine readable medium containing executable computer program instructions which when executed by a data processing system cause said system to perform a method for circuit analysis, the method comprising:
determining a representation of a first current, drawn by a group of cells from a power supplying network of a circuit in a clock cycle, using data indicating probabilities of state switching at the cells of the group that includes determining a first number of cells from the group of cells that switch together in a same clock cycle, the representation of the first current specifying the first current as a non-constant function of time in the clock cycle, wherein the first number of the cells is determined from the data indicating probabilities of state switching at the cells of the group such that a probability of more than the first number of cells of the group switching in the same clock cycle is about a predetermined value; and wherein the determining the representation of the first current comprises
selecting first cells of the first number from the group to determine the representation of the first current from currents drawn by the first number of the first cells when the first cells switch together in the same clock cycle and wherein said determining the representation of the first current further comprises
determining a representation of a second current, drawn by one of the cells of the group.
11. The medium of claim 10, wherein the representation of the second current specifies the second current as a non-constant function of time in a clock cycle.
12. The medium of claim 11, wherein the representation of the second current is determined from an amount of energy dissipation in the one of the cells during switching in state in a clock cycle.
13. The medium of claim 10, wherein the method further comprises:
determining equivalent resistance and capacitance parameters for second cells of the group when the second cells do not switch, the second cells not including any of the first cells.
14. The medium of claim 13, wherein the method further comprises:
modeling the group of cells using at least a current source according to the representation of the first current and the equivalent resistance and capacitance parameters.
15. The medium of claim 14, wherein the method further comprises:
determining well capacitance parameters for the cells of the group;
wherein the group of cells is further modeled using the well capacitance parameters.
16. The medium of claim 10, wherein the cells of the group comprise technology specific standard cells for implementing the circuit on an Integrated Circuit (IC) chip.
17. The medium of claim 10, wherein the data indicating probabilities of state switching at the cells comprise toggle rates of the cells.
18. The medium of claim 10, wherein the method further comprises:
selecting cells of a design of the circuit into the group so that an average power dissipation of the group is at about a predetermined level.
19. A date processing system for circuit analysis, the data processing system comprising:
means for determining a representation of a first current, drawn by a group of cells from a power supplying network of a circuit in a clock cycle, using data indicating probabilities of state switching at the cells of the group that includes means for determining a first number of cells from the group of cells that switch together in a same clock cycle, the representation of the first current specifying the first current as a non-constant function of time in the clock cycle, wherein the first number of cells is determined from the data indicating probabilities of state switching at the cells of the group such that a probability of more than the first number of cells of the group switching in the same clock cycle is about a predetermined value; and wherein the determining the representation of the first current comprises
means for selecting first cells of the first number from the group to determine the representation of the first current from currents drawn by the first number of the first cells when the first cells switch together in the same clock cycle and wherein said means for determining the representation of the first current further comprises
means for determining a representation of a second current, drawn by one of the cells of the group.
20. The data processing system of claim 19, wherein the representation of the second current specifies the second current as a non-constant function of time in a clock cycle.
21. The data processing system of claim 20, wherein the representation of the second current is determined from an amount of energy dissipation in the one of the cells during switching in state in a clock cycle.
22. The data processing system of claim 19, further comprising:
means for determining equivalent resistance and capacitance parameters for second cells of the group when the second cells do not switch, the second cells not including any of the first cells.
23. The data processing system of claim 22, further comprising:
means for modeling the group of cells using at least a current source according to the representation of the first current and the equivalent resistance and capacitance parameters.
24. The data processing system of claim 23, further comprising:
means for determining well capacitance parameters for the cells of the group;
wherein the group of cells is further modeled using the well capacitance parameters.
25. The data processing system of claim 19, wherein the cells of the group comprise technology specific standard cells for implementing the circuit on an Integrated Circuit (IC) chip.
26. The data processing system of claim 19, wherein the data indicating probabilities of state switching at the cells comprise toggle rates of the cells.
27. The data processing system of claim 19, further comprising:
means for selecting cells of a design of the circuit into the group so that an average power dissipation of the group is at about a predetermined level.

The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.

1. A computer-implemented method of rendering content on a display screen of a computing device, comprising:
under control of a computing device configured with executable instructions,
capturing video information using a camera of the computing device;
detecting at least one first feature in the video information indicative of a head of a user;
determining a first relative position of the at least one first feature with respect to the computing device;
rendering the content on the display screen of the computing device to correspond to a viewpoint of the user at the first relative position;
at a first time, predicting that the at least one first feature will be outside a field of view of the camera at a second time based at least in part upon analyzing the video information;
storing to a buffer first motion information obtained from at least one sensor of the computing device from the first time to the second time based at least in part upon predicting that the at least one first feature will be outside the field of view of the camera at the second time;
at the second time, determining that the at least one first feature is outside the field of view of the camera based at least in part upon analyzing the video information;
estimating a second relative position of the at least one first feature with respect to the computing device based at least in part upon where the at least one first feature was last tracked in the video information with at least a minimum level of confidence and a motion of the computing device determined based at least in part upon the first motion information pulled from the buffer and second motion information obtained from the at least one sensor after the second time;
determining an updated viewpoint of the user based at least in part upon the second relative position; and
rendering the content on the display screen to correspond to the updated viewpoint.
2. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein the motion includes at least one of a translation or a rotation of the computing device.
3. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein the motion is a weighted combination that is further based at least in part upon an environmental condition, the environmental condition including at least one of an amount of lighting or a presence of a point light source.
4. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein the at least one sensor includes at least one of an electronic gyroscope, an electronic compass, an inertial sensor, an accelerometer, a shadow sensor, motion detector, a microphone array, or a distance sensor.
5. A computer-implemented method of displaying content, comprising:
under control of one or more computing systems configured with executable instructions,
capturing image information using a camera of a computing device;
analyzing the image information to determine a first relative position of a first feature of a user with respect to the computing device;
at a first time, predicting that the first feature of the user will be outside a field of view of the camera at a second time;
buffering first motion information obtained from at least one sensor of the computing device from the first time to the second time;
at the second time, estimating a second relative position of the first feature with respect to the computing device based at least in part upon where the first feature was last tracked in the image information with at least a minimum level of confidence and a motion of the computing device determined based at least in part upon the first motion information and second motion information obtained from the at least one sensor after the second time; and
rendering content on a display element of the computing device to correspond to a viewpoint of the user, the viewpoint being determined based at least in part upon the second relative position of the first feature of the user.
6. The computer-implemented method of claim 5, wherein the motion is a weighted combination that is further based at least in part upon an environmental condition.
7. The computer-implemented method of claim 6, wherein the environmental condition includes at least one of an amount of lighting or a presence of a point light source.
8. The computer-implemented method of claim 5, wherein the at least one sensor of the computing device includes at least one of an electronic gyroscope, an electronic compass, an inertial sensor, an accelerometer, a shadow sensor, a motion detector, a microphone array, or a distance sensor.
9. The computer-implemented method of claim 5, wherein the motion of the computing device is determined by analyzing second image information captured by the at least one sensor to determine relative movement of at least one background object or light source with respect to the computing device.
10. The computer-implemented method of claim 5, further comprising:
analyzing the image information with a feature detection algorithm to locate the first feature in the image information; and
determining the first relative position of the first feature of the user based at least in part upon a position of the first feature in the image information and the field of view of the camera.
11. The computer-implemented method of claim 5, further comprising:
illuminating the first feature with at least one of visible light or infrared radiation while capturing the image information.
12. The computer-implemented method of claim 5, wherein the at least one sensor further provides contact information indicating whether the user is currently contacting the computing device, the contact information being used to further estimate the second relative position of the first feature of the user.
13. A computing device, comprising:
a processor;
a display screen;
a camera;
a motion sensor; and
a memory device including instructions that, upon being executed by the processor, cause the computing device to:
capture image information using the camera;
analyze the image information to determine a first viewpoint of a user with respect to the computing device;
at a first time, predict that a head of the user will be outside a field of view of the camera at a second time;
buffer first motion information obtained from the motion sensor from the first time to the second time;
at the second time, estimate a second viewpoint of the user with respect to the computing device based at least in part upon where the head of the user was last tracked in the image information with at least a minimum level of confidence and a motion of the computing device determined based at least in part upon the first motion information and second motion information obtained from the motion sensor after the second time; and
render content on the display screen to correspond to the second viewpoint of the user.
14. The computing device of claim 13, wherein the motion sensor includes at least one of an electronic gyroscope, an electronic compass, an inertial sensor, an accelerometer, a shadow sensor, a motion detector, a microphone array, or a distance sensor.
15. The computing device of claim 13, wherein the instructions, upon being executed to cause the computing device to estimate the second viewpoint of the user, include causing the computing device to:
estimate a relative position of the head of the user with respect to the computing device.
16. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storing instructions for rendering content for a user viewpoint, the instructions when executed by a processor of a computing system causing the computing system to:
capture video information using a camera of a computing device;
analyze the video information to determine a first relative viewpoint of a user with respect to the computing device;
at a first time, predict that a head of a user will be outside a field of view of the camera at a second time;
buffer first motion information obtained from at least one motion sensor of the computing device from the first time to the second time;
at the second time, estimate a second relative viewpoint of the user with respect to the computing device based at least in part upon where the head of the user was last tracked in the video information with at least a minimum level of confidence and a motion of the computing device determined based at least in part upon the first motion information and second motion information obtained from the at least one motion sensor after the second time; and
render content on a display element of the computing device to correspond to the second relative viewpoint of the user.
17. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 16, wherein the instructions, upon being executed, further cause the computing system to:
analyze the video information with a feature detection algorithm to locate the head of the user in the video information; and
determine the first relative viewpoint of the user based at least in part upon a position of the head of the user in the video information and the field of view of the camera.
18. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 16, wherein the instructions, upon being executed, further cause the computing system to:
illuminate the head of the user with at least one of visible light or infrared radiation while capturing the video information.
19. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 16, wherein the instructions, upon being executed, further cause the computing system to:
obtain contact information indicating whether the user is currently contacting the computing system, the contact information being used to further estimate the second relative viewpoint of the user.

1. A magnetic element with thermally-assisted writing using a field or spin transfer, each comprising:
a magnetic reference layer referred to as the \u201ctrapped layer\u201d, the magnetization of which is in a fixed direction;
a magnetic storage layer called the \u201cfree layer\u201d having a variable magnetization direction and consisting of a layer made of a ferromagnetic material with magnetization in the plane of the layer and magnetically coupled to a magnetization-trapping layer made of an antiferromagnetic material; and
a semiconductor or an insulating layer with confined-current-paths sandwiched between the reference layer and the storage layer;
wherein at least one bilayer consisting respectively of an amorphous or quasi-amorphous material and a material having the same structure or the same crystal lattice as the antiferromagnetic layer is present in the storage layer between the ferromagnetic layer, which is in contact with the semiconductor or insulating layer with confined-current-paths, and the antiferromagnetic layer.
2. A magnetic element with thermally-assisted writing using a field or spin transfer as claimed in claim 1, wherein the thickness of the at least one layer made of an amorphous or quasi-amorphous material is 0.15 to 2 nm.
3. A magnetic element with thermally-assisted writing using a field or spin transfer as claimed in claim 1, wherein the amorphous or quasi-amorphous material is selected from the group comprising tantalum (Ta), ruthenium (Ru), silicon dioxide (SiO2), tantalum oxide (TaO), aluminium oxides (AlOx), zirconium oxides (ZrOx), titanium oxides (TiOx), hafnium oxides (HfOx), tantalum nitride (TaN), titanium nitride (TiN), transition metals Co, Fe or Ni with added boron, zirconium, niobium or hafnium with the total proportion of added elements being 5 to 30% by atomic weight or an alloy of these compounds.
4. A magnetic element with thermally-assisted writing using a field or spin transfer as claimed in claim 1, wherein the layer of amorphous or quasi-amorphous material is deposited by magnetron sputtering or any other physical vapor deposition (PVD) process.
5. A magnetic element with thermally-assisted writing using a field or spin transfer as claimed in claim 1, wherein the amorphous or quasi-amorphous material consists of a heterogeneous metal oxide.
6. A magnetic element with thermally-assisted writing using a field or spin transfer as claimed in claim 5, wherein the heterogeneous metal oxide has a general formula My(NOx)1-y, wherein
M is a transition metal selected from the group comprising nickel, cobalt and iron or a noble metal or an alloy of noble metals such as copper, silver or gold,
NOx is an amorphous or quasi-amorphous oxide of an element N selected from the group comprising Si, Ti, Hf, Ta, Mg or a mixture of these oxides, and
y is 0.1 to 10%.
7. A magnetic element with thermally-assisted writing using a field or spin transfer as claimed in claim 5, wherein the heterogeneous metal oxide has a general formula (Al1-xCux), when x varies from 0.1 to 10%.
8. A magnetic element with thermally-assisted writing using a field or spin transfer as claimed in claim 1, wherein the antiferromagnetic layers which, respectively trap reference layer and storage layer, are based on a manganese alloy, for the reference layer and IrMn or FeMn for the storage layer.
9. A magnetic memory with thermally-assisted writing, each storage cell of which consists of a magnetic element as claimed in claim 1.
10. A logic element with thermally-assisted writing consisting of a magnetic element as claimed in claim 1.
11. The magnetic element with thermally-assisted writing using a field or spin transfer as claimed in claim 8, wherein the manganese alloy is PtMn.

The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.

1. A system that allows a user to control a movement of an endoscope, the endoscope being located within an endoscope coordinate system that has a left-right axis and an up-down axis which are orthogonal to each other and to a longitudinal axis of the endoscope, comprising:
a robotic arm linkage located in a world coordinate system and supporting the endoscope;
a display showing a viewing image taken by the endoscope, the display located in the world coordinate system and the viewing image taken in the endoscope coordinate system;
a first actuator coupled to said robotic arm;
a second actuator that is coupled to said robotic arm, said first and second actuators being capable of moving the endoscope;
an input device that can receive a command from the user to effect a commanded movement of the endoscope along the up-down axis in the endoscope coordinate system;
a controller that receives the user command, the controller computing a transformation of the commanded movement of the endoscope in the endoscope coordinate system to a movement of the endoscope in the world coordinate system, and provides output signals to said first and second actuators to move the endoscope in the world coordinate system so that the endoscope moves along the up-down axis.
2. The system of claim 1, further comprising a third actuator coupled to said robotic arm.
3. The system of claim 1, further comprising an end effector that is coupled to said controller and spins the endoscope.
4. The system of claim 1, wherein said input device comprises a foot pedal.
5. The system of claim 1, wherein said first and second actuators include electric motors.
6. The system of claim 1, further comprising a first position sensor coupled to said first actuator and a second position sensor coupled to said second actuator.
7. The system of claim 1, wherein said controller transforms the desired movement of the endoscope in the endoscope coordinate system to movement of the endoscope in the world coordinate system in accordance with a plurality of transformation equations.
8. The system of claim 1, further comprising a table that is coupled to said first and second actuators.
9. A medical system that can be controlled by a user, comprising:
a display showing a viewing image, the display located in a world coordinate system;
a first actuator;
a second actuator;
an endoscope that is coupled to said first and second actuators, said endoscope being located within an endoscope coordinate system that bas an x axis and a y axis which are orthogonal to each other, and to a longitudinal axis of the endoscope, said endoscope capturing the viewing image so that the viewing image shown in the display has the endoscope coordinate system;
an input device that can receive a command from the user to move the endoscope along the y axis in the endoscope coordinate system; and
a controller that receives the user command and computes a transformation of the command from the endoscope coordinate system to a movement of the endoscope in the world coordinate system, and provides output signals to said first and second actuators to move the endoscope in the world coordinate system to that the endoscope moves along the y axis.
10. The system of claim 9, further comprising a third actuator coupled to said endoscope.
11. The system of claim 9, further comprising an end effector that is coupled to said controller and spins the endoscope.
12. The system of claim 9, wherein said input device comprises a foot pedal.
13. The system of claim 9, wherein said first and second actuators include electric motors.
14. The system of claim 9, further comprising a first position sensor coupled to said first actuator and a second position sensor coupled to said second actuator.
15. The system of claim 9, wherein said controller transforms the movement of the endoscope in the endoscope coordinate system to movement of the endoscope world coordinate system in accordance with a plurality of transformation equations.
16. The system of claim 9, further comprising a table that is coupled to said first and second actuators.
17. The system of claim 1, wherein the controller computes the transformation by computing a first transformation of the commanded movement from an endoscope coordinate system to an intermediate coordinate system, and by computing a second transformation of the commanded movement from the intermediate coordinate system to the world coordinate system.
18. The system of claim 1, further comprising a first robotic instrument arm having first and second instrument actuators and holding a first surgical instrument, the input device comprising a first handle movable in the world coordinate system to input a first instrument command, the controller coupled to the first robotic instrument arm and calculating signals for the first and second instrument actuators.
19. The system of claim 18, further comprising a second robotic instrument arm having third and fourth instrument actuators and holding a second surgical instrument, the input device comprising a second handle movable in the world coordinate system to input a second instrument command, the controller coupled to the second robotic instrument arm and calculating signals for the third and fourth instrument actuators.
20. The system of claim 18, wherein the controller stores a pivot point location along a shaft of the first instrument, and wherein the controller calculate the signals for the first and second instrument actuators using the pivot point location.
21. The system of claim 20, wherein the controller updates the pivot point location and issues a warning signal if movement of the pivot point exceeds a threshold value.