All The Claims

1. A method for receiving a downlink signal at a user equipment (UE) from a base station in a wireless communication system, the method comprising:
receiving, from the base station, information about resource elements for estimation of an interference channel from a neighboring base station;
estimating the interference channel from the neighboring base station using the resource elements for estimation of the interference channel; and
receiving the downlink signal from the base station by applying reception beamforming to avoid the interference channel,
wherein the downlink signal is not mapped to the resource elements for estimation of the interference channel.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the resource elements for estimation of the interference channel are defined as resource elements for a channel status information-reference signal (CSI-RS) or resource elements for a demodulation-reference signal (DM-RS).
3. The method according to claim 1, further comprising receiving information about candidates of the resource elements for estimation of the interference channel via a higher layer,
wherein the information about the resource elements for estimation of the interference channel indicates valid resource elements among the candidates.
4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the downlink signal is not mapped to candidates of the resource elements for estimation of the interference channel.
5. The method according to claim 1, wherein rank of the downlink signal is 1 or 2.
6. The method according to claim 2, wherein, if the resource elements for estimation of the interference channel are defined as the resource elements for the DM-RS, the resource elements of the DM-RS for receiving the downlink signal are orthogonal to the resource elements for estimation of the interference channel.
7. The method according to claim 6, wherein the locations of the resource elements of the DM-RS for receiving the downlink signal are differently configured with respect to the resource blocks allocated to the UE.
8. A user equipment (UE) apparatus in a wireless communication system, the UE apparatus comprising:
a wireless communication module configured to transmit and receive a signal to and from a base station; and
a processor configured to process the signal,
wherein the processor controls the wireless communication module to receive, from the base station, information about resource elements for estimation of an interference channel from a neighboring base station, to estimate the interference channel from the neighboring base station using the resource elements for estimation of the interference channel, and to receive the downlink signal from the base station by applying reception beamforming to avoid the interference channel,
wherein the downlink signal is not mapped to the resource elements for estimation of the interference channel.
9. The UE apparatus according to claim 8, wherein the resource elements for estimation of the interference channel are defined as resource elements for a channel status information-reference signal (CSI-RS) or resource elements for a demodulation-reference signal (DM-RS).
10. The UE apparatus according to claim 8, wherein:
the wireless communication module receives information about candidates of the resource elements for estimation of the interference channel via a higher layer,
the information about the resource elements for estimation of the interference channel indicates valid resource elements among the candidates.
11. The UE apparatus according to claim 8, wherein the downlink signal is not mapped to candidates of the resource elements for estimation of the interference channel.
12. The UE apparatus according to claim 8, wherein rank of the downlink signal is 1 or 2.
13. The UE apparatus according to claim 9, wherein, if the resource elements for estimation of the interference channel are defined as the resource elements for the DM-RS, the resource elements of the DM-RS for receiving the downlink signal are orthogonal to the resource elements for estimation of the interference channel.
14. The UE apparatus according to claim 13, wherein the locations of the resource elements of the DM-RS for receiving the downlink signal are differently configured with respect to the resource blocks allocated to the UE apparatus.

The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.

1. A method for compressing and storing a plurality of images, comprising:
creating for each of a plurality of original images a plurality of resultant images by altering the content of each of the plurality of original images a corresponding plurality of different ways;
rotating at least one of the plurality of resultant images created from at least one of the plurality of original images;
compressing each of the plurality of resultant images including the at least one rotated, resultant image;
selecting from the plurality of compressed, resultant images created for each of the plurality of original images one compressed, resultant image;
placing each of the selected one of the plurality of compressed, resultant images into a concatenation file;
creating a look-up table corresponding to the concatenation file by which each of the selected one of the plurality of compressed, resultant images is retrievable from the concatenation file; and
storing data indicative of a degree to which each of the selected one of the plurality of compressed, resultant images was rotated as compared to its corresponding original image to thereby allow for image decompression and subsequent display in keeping with original image orientation;
wherein the corresponding plurality of different ways of altering the content of the original image are at least two selected from a group consisting of changing the number of colors in the original image, changing the original image to grayscale, resampling the original image, sharpening the original image, changing the contrast of the original image, changing the brightness of the original image, changing the opacity of the original image, and leaving the original image as-is.
2. The method as recited in claim 1, comprising using a macro in an imaging application to automate the step of creating the plurality of resultant images.
3. The method as recited in claim 1, comprising using multiple techniques to alter the content of an original image.
4. The method as recited in claim 1, wherein the look-up table comprises data indicative of a file name for each of the plurality of original images, data indicative of a starting byte location of the selected one of the plurality of compressed, resultant images in the concatenation file for each of the plurality of original images, and data indicative of the length of each of the selected one of the plurality of compressed, resultant images in the concatenation file.
5. The method as recited in claim 1, comprising adjusting the size of at least one of the original images prior to the step of creating the plurality of resultant images.
6. The method as recited in claim 1, wherein each of the plurality of resultant images is compressed into a GIF file.
7. The method as recited in claim 1, wherein the selected one of the compressed, resultant images has the smallest file size.
8. A computer-readable media having computer-executable instructions for compressing and storing a plurality of images, the instructions performing steps comprising:
creating for each of a plurality of original images a plurality of resultant images by altering the content of each of the plurality of original images a corresponding plurality of different ways;
rotating at least one of the plurality of resultant images created from at least one of the plurality of original images;
compressing each of the plurality of resultant images including the at least one rotated, resultant image;
selecting from the plurality of compressed, resultant images created for each of the plurality of original images one compressed, resultant image;
placing each of the selected one of the plurality of compressed, resultant images into a concatenation file;
creating a look-up table corresponding to the concatenation file by which each of the selected one of the plurality of compressed, resultant images is retrievable from the concatenation file; and
storing data indicative of a degree to which each of the selected one of the plurality of compressed, resultant images was rotated as compared to its corresponding original image to thereby allow for image decompression and subsequent display in keeping with original image orientation;
wherein the corresponding plurality of different ways of altering the content of the original image are at least two selected from a group consisting of changing the number of colors in the original image, changing the original image to grayscale, resampling the original image, sharpening the original image, changing the contrast of the original image, changing the brightness of the original image, changing the opacity of the original image, and leaving the original image as-is.
9. The readable media as recited in claim 8, wherein the instructions use a macro in an imaging application to automate the step of creating the plurality of resultant images.
10. The readable media as recited in claim 8, wherein the instructions use multiple techniques to alter the content of an original image.
11. The readable media as recited in claim 8, wherein the look-up table comprises data indicative of a file name for each of the plurality of original images, data indicative of a starting byte location of the selected one of the plurality of compressed, resultant images in the concatenation file for each of the plurality of original images, and data indicative of the length of each of the selected one of the plurality of compressed, resultant images in the concatenation file.
12. The readable media as recited in claim 8, wherein the instructions adjust the size of at least one of the original images prior to the step of creating the plurality of resultant images.
13. The readable media as recited in claim 8, wherein each of the plurality of resultant images is compressed into a GIF file.
14. The readable media as recited in claim 8, wherein the selected one of the compressed, resultant images has the smallest file size.

1. A flow channel switching valve comprising:
a housing that has an internal space, the housing including a housing top having a plurality of connection ports connecting flow channel piping in an outer surface thereof, and having, on a side of the internal space, a flow channel connection portion where connection holes respectively leading to the connection ports are arranged on one plane, and a housing body that has a depressed portion with a top open inside thereof and detachably holds the housing top on an open portion of the depressed portion;
a stator that is arranged inside the internal space of the housing, has through-holes corresponding to the connection holes of the flow channel connection portion, respectively, and is attached to a side of the housing top while keeping liquid tightness to the flow channel connection portion in a state where the through-holes are positioned at the connection holes;
a rotor that is arranged inside the internal space of the housing, has a plane in contact with a surface of the stator on an opposing side of the flow channel connection portion, and is provided with a groove in the plane, the groove forming a flow channel selectively connecting between any one pair of the through-holes of the stator;
a rotor drive portion that is provided on a side of the housing body, includes a rotor drive shaft extending from the side of the housing body toward the side of the housing top to hold the rotor at a forefront portion of the rotor drive shaft, on the side of the housing top, and rotates the rotor by rotating the rotor drive shaft with an axial center thereof as a rotation center;
an elastic member that is contained in the housing body so as to be extendable in an axial direction of the rotor drive shaft, is in a compressed state when the rotor drive shaft is at a normal position, which is a position when the housing top is attached to the housing body, and biases the rotor drive shaft at the normal position to the side of the housing top; and
a drive shaft stopper that is made up of a first engagement portion provided in the rotor drive shaft, and a second engagement portion provided in the housing body, and limits movement of the rotor drive shaft to the side of the housing top by engaging the first engagement portion and the second engagement portion to each other when the rotor drive shaft moves to the side of the housing top from the normal position.
2. The flow channel switching valve according to claim 1, wherein the first engagement portion is a projected portion that is projected from an outer circumferential surface of the rotor drive shaft to the side of the housing body, and the second engagement portion is a projected portion that is projected from an inner circumferential surface of the housing body to a side of the rotor drive shaft.
3. The flow channel switching valve according to claim 2, wherein the first engagement portion is a flange-shaped projected portion provided along the outer circumferential surface of the rotor drive shaft, and the second engagement portion is a ring-shaped projected portion provided along the inner circumferential surface of the housing body.

The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.

What is claimed is:

1. A head lamp attached to a bicycle, comprising:
a casing holding a light source and provided with an opening allowing light from said light source t to be emitted ahead;
a plurality of light emitting diodes adjacently arranged as said light source; and
a condenser lens arranged adjacent to said opening for each said light emitting diode to condense light received from said light emitting diode.
2. The head lamp of claim 1 having more than two said light emitting diodes each arranged adjacent to at least two other light emitting diodes.
3. The head lamp of claim 1, wherein a light emitting diode arranged at an end of an arrangement of said plurality of light emitting diodes provides an optical axis inclined to approach or be farther away from a front of a center of said head lamp as said optical axis extends farther ahead, so that a distribution of light is satisfied a predetermined distance ahead.
4. The head lamp of claim 1, wherein said plurality of light emitting diodes are arranged in multiple rows.
5. The head lamp of claim 1, wherein five said light emitting diodes are arranged in two rows.