All The Claims

What is claimed is:

1. A method of incorporating, into data of first information, data of second information, the data of said first information including a group of data units, said method comprising the steps of:
selecting at least two of the data units of said first information and obtaining a data-related value that relates to respective values of said at least two data units;
selecting, from among a group of the data of said second information, a particular data segment to be incorporated into one of the data units of said first information;
generating substitute data to replace a content of the one data unit of said first information, on the basis of a predetermined function using, as variables, the data-related value and a value of the particular data segment; and
replacing a content of the data unit corresponding to a predetermined one of said at least two data units of said first information, by the substitute data generated by said step of generating.
2. A method as recited in claim 1 wherein said data-related value is a difference between the respective values of said at least two data units.
3. A method as recited in claim 1 wherein said step of selecting selects two successive ones of the data units of said first information.
4. A method as recited in claim 1 wherein said step of selecting selects, from among the data units of said first information, a predetermined reference data unit, and a desired data unit into which said data segment of said second information is to be incorporated.
5. A method as recited in claim 1 wherein said step of generating executes a predetermined arithmetic operation based on the predetermined function.
6. A method as recited in claim 1 wherein said step of generating refers to a predetermined table based on the predetermined function.
7. A method as recited in claim 1 wherein said step of generating selects, in accordance with a combination of said data-related value and said value of the particular data segment, a value from among a plurality of values which one of the data units of said first information can take, to thereby generate said substitute data having the selected value.
8. A method as recited in claim 1 which further comprises a step of determining whether or not said data-related value meets a predetermined condition, and wherein replacement by the substitute data to incorporate the particular data segment is executed on the data unit for which said data-related value is determined as meeting the predetermined condition but said replacement by the substitute data is not executed on the data unit for which said data-related value is determined as not meeting the predetermined condition.
9. A method as recited in claim 1 wherein said predetermined function includes evaluating a product between one of the data-related value and the value of the particular data segment and a predetermined constant, and adding the product and another of the data-related value and the value of the particular data segment.
10. A method as recited in claim 9 wherein the other of the data-related value and the value of the particular data segment is smaller than said predetermined constant.
11. A method as recited in claim 1 which further comprises a step of setting a predetermined flag value at a predetermined bit in at least one of a plurality of the data units replaced by said substitute data, to identify the replaced data units.
12. A method as recited in claim 1 wherein said step of selecting includes a step of detecting a particular section of said first information where a difference between values of two successive ones of the data units is smaller than a predetermined value and selecting one of the successive data units as the data unit to be replaced by said substitute data.
13. A method as recited in claim 1 which further comprises:
a step of storing, in a memory, the data of said first information having said second information incorporated therein via replacement of the content of the data unit by said substitute data;
a step of reading out the data from the memory;
a first reproduction step of reproducing said data-related value and said value of the particular data segment from the data unit of said first information, replaced by said substitute data, included in the data read out from the memory; and
a second reproduction step of reproducing an original content of the replaced data unit on the basis of said data-related value reproduced by said first reproduction step.
14. A method as recited in claim 1 which further comprises:
a step of transmitting, via a communication network, the data of said first information having said second information incorporated therein via replacement of the content of the data unit by said substitute data;
a step of receiving data transmitted via the communication network;
a first reproduction step of reproducing said data-related value and said value of the particular data segment from the data unit of said first information, replaced by said substitute data, included in the data received via the communication network; and
a second reproduction step of reproducing an original content of the replaced data unit on the basis of said data-related value reproduced by said first reproduction step.
15. A method as recited in claim 1 which further comprises a step of determining a particular section of said first information, including a multiplicity of the data, into which said second information is to be incorporated.
16. A method as recited in claim 1 which further comprises a step of setting a condition as to a particular section of said first information, including a multiplicity of the data, into which said second information is to be incorporated.
17. A method of reproducing first information having second information incorporated therein, data of said first information including a group of data units, some of the data units of said first information having values replaced in accordance with contents of said second information, each of the replaced values being obtained via replacement by substitute data generated on the basis of a predetermined function using, as variables, a data-related value that relates to an original value of the corresponding data unit and a value of at least another of the data units and a value of a particular data segment of said second information; said method comprising:
a first step of reproducing said data-related value and said value of the particular data segment from the data units of said first information replaced by said substitute data; and
a second step of reproducing original contents of the data units having the replaced values, on the basis of said data-related value reproduced by said first step.
18. A method as recited in claim 17 which further comprises a step of displaying contents of said second information on the basis of the particular data segment reproduced by said first step.
19. An electronic information processing device for incorporating, into data of first information, data of second information, the data of said first information including a group of data units, said electronic information processing device comprising:
a first section that selects at least two of the data units of said first information and obtains a data-related value that relates to respective values of said at least two data units;
a second section that selects, from among a group of the data of said second information, a particular data segment to be incorporated into one of the data units of said first information;
a third section that generates substitute data to replace a content of the one data unit of said first information, on the basis of a predetermined function using, as variable, the data-related value and a value of the particular data segment; and
a fourth section that replaces a content of the data unit corresponding to a predetermined one of said at least two data units of said first information, by the substitute data generated by said third section.
20. An electronic information processing device for reproducing first information having second information incorporated therein, data of said first information including a group of data units, some of the data units of said first information having values replaced in accordance with contents of said second information, each of the replaced values being obtained via replacement by substitute data generated on the basis of a predetermined function using, as variables, a data-related value that relates to an original value of the corresponding data unit and a value of at least one of the other data units and a value of a particular data segment of said second information; said electronic information processing device comprising:
a first section that reproduces said data-related value and said value of the particular data segment from the data units of said first information replaced by said substitute data; and
a second section that reproduces original contents of the data units having the replaced values, on the basis of said data-related value reproduced by said first section.
21. A machine-readable recording medium containing a program executable by a computer for incorporating, into data of first information, data of second information, the data of said first information including a group of data units, said program comprising the steps of:
selecting at least two of the data units of said first information and obtaining a data-related value that relates to respective values of said at least two data units;
selecting, from among a group of the data of said second information, a particular data segment to be incorporated into one of the data units of said first information;
generating substitute data to replace a content of the one data unit of said first information, on the basis of a predetermined function using, as variables, the data-related value and a value of the particular data segment; and
replacing a content of the data unit corresponding to a predetermined one of said at least two data units of said first information, by the substitute data generated by said step of generating.
22. A machine-readable recording medium containing a program executable by a computer for reproducing first information having second information incorporated therein, data of said first information including a group of data units, some of the data units of said first information having values replaced in accordance with contents of said second information, each of the replaced values being obtained via replacement by substitute data generated on the basis of a predetermined function using, as variables, a data-related value that relates to an original value of the corresponding data unit and a value of at least another of the data units and a value of a particular data segment of said second information; said program comprising:
a first step of reproducing said data-related value and said value of the particular data segment from the data units of said first information replaced by said substitute data; and
a second step of reproducing original contents of the data units having the replaced values, on the basis of said data-related value reproduced by said first step.
23. A machine-readable recording medium containing a multiplicity of data of first information and data of second information smaller in quantity than the data of said first information, the data of said second information being incorporated in the data of said first information in accordance with the method as defined in claim 1.
24. A method of encoding main information, data of said main information including a group of data units, said method comprising:
a first step of incorporating data of encoding information, representative of an encoding procedure, dispersedly into particular ones of the data units belonging to a predetermined first data group of said main information; and
a second step of executing the encoding procedure, represented by said encoding information, on the data belonging to a predetermined second data group of said main information.
25. A method as recited in claim 24 wherein said first step further incorporates predetermined additional information, other than said encoding information, into said first data group of said main information.
26. An electronic information processing device for encoding main information, data of said main information including a group of data units, said electronic information processing device comprising:
a first section that incorporates data of encoding information, representative of an encoding procedure, dispersedly into particular ones of the data units belonging to a predetermined first data group of said main information; and
a second section that executes the encoding procedure, represented by said encoding information, on the data belonging to a predetermined second data group of said main information.
27. A machine-readable recording medium containing a program executable by a computer for encoding main information, data of said main information including a group of data units, said program comprising:
a first step of incorporating data of encoding information, representative of an encoding procedure, dispersedly into particular ones of the data units belonging to a predetermined first data group of said main information; and
a second step of encoding the data belonging to a predetermined second data group of said main information through the encoding procedure represented by said encoding information.
28. A machine-readable recording medium containing data of first information including a group of data units and data of encoding information representative of an encoding procedure, the data of said encoding information being incorporated dispersedly into particular ones of the data units belonging to a predetermined first data group of said main information, the data belonging to a predetermined second data group of said main information being encoded through the encoding procedure represented by said encoding information.
29. A method of decoding and reproducing encoded main information, data of encoding information being incorporated dispersedly into particular data units in a predetermined first data group of said main information, data belonging to a predetermined second data group of said main information being encoded by an encoding procedure represented by said encoding information, said method comprising:
a first step of reproducing said encoding information, from said first data group of said main information having said encoding information incorporated therein; and
a second step of, on the basis of said encoding information reproduced by said first step, decoding the data belonging to said second data group to thereby reproduce said main information.
30. A device for decoding and reproducing encoded main information, data of encoding information being incorporated dispersedly into particular data units belonging to a predetermined first data group of said main information, data belonging to a predetermined second data group of said main information being encoded by an encoding procedure represented by said encoding information, said device comprising:
a first section that reproduces said encoding information, from said first data group of said main information having said encoding information incorporated therein; and
a second section that, on the basis of said encoding information reproduced by said first section, decodes the data belonging to said second data group to thereby reproduce said main information.
31. A machine-readable recording medium containing a program executable by a computer for decoding and reproducing encoded main information, data of encoding information being incorporated dispersedly into particular data units belonging to a predetermined first data group of said main information, data belonging to a predetermined second data group of said main information being encoded by an encoding procedure represented by said encoding information, said program comprising:
a first step of reproducing said encoding information, from said first data group of said main information having said encoding information incorporated therein; and
a second step of, on the basis of said encoding information reproduced by said first step, decoding the data belonging to said second data group to thereby reproduce said main information.
32. A method of encoding and recording main information, data of said main information including a group of data units, said method comprising:
a first step of incorporating data of encoding information, representative of an encoding procedure, dispersedly into particular ones of the data units belonging to a predetermined first data group of said main information, said first data group of said main information being classified into at least two characteristic groups according to data characteristics thereof, said encoding information being incorporated redundantly into said at least two characteristic groups; and
a second step of encoding data belonging to a predetermined second data group of said main information by the encoding procedure represented by said encoding information.
33. A method as recited in claim 32 wherein said first step incorporates said encoding information into each of the characteristic groups in accordance with an algorithm unique to said characteristic group.
34. A method of decoding and reproducing encoded main information, data of encoding information being incorporated dispersedly into particular data units belonging to a predetermined first data group of said main information, said first data group of said main information being classified into at least two characteristic groups according to data characteristics thereof, said encoding information being incorporated redundantly into said at least two characteristic groups, data belonging to a predetermined second data group of said main information being encoded by an encoding procedure represented by said encoding information, said method comprising:
a first step of reproducing said encoding information from at least one of the characteristic groups of said main information having said encoding information incorporated therein; and
a second step of, on the basis of said encoding information reproduced by said first step, decoding the data belonging to said second data group to thereby reproduce said main information.
35. A method of incorporating, into data of first information, data of second information, the data of said first information including a group of data units each having a predetermined plurality of bits, said method comprising:
a first step of selecting one of the data units of said first information;
a second step of selecting, from among a group of the data of said second information, a particular data segment to be incorporated into one of the data units of said first information; and
a third step of modifying a content of the one data unit of said first information selected by said first step in accordance with a predetermined encoding algorithm containing a value of the data segment selected by said second step as a parameter, whereby the selected one data unit of said first information is encoded in accordance with the encoding algorithm and the value of the data segment of said second information is incorporated latently into the selected one data unit.
36. A method of incorporating, into data of main information, data of additional information, the data of said main information including a group of data units each having a predetermined plurality of bits, said method comprising:
a first step of selecting one of the data units of said main information;
a second step of selecting, from among a group of the data of said additional information, a particular data segment to be incorporated into one of the data units of said main information, the data segment to be selected by said second step having a variable number of bits; and
a third step of modifying a content of the one data unit of said main information selected by said first step in accordance with a predetermined encoding algorithm containing a value of the data segment selected by said second step as a parameter, the encoding algorithm depending on the number of bits of the data segment selected by said second step, whereby the selected one data unit of said main information is encoded in accordance with the encoding algorithm and the value of the data segment of said additional information is incorporated latently into the selected one data unit.
37. A method of transmitting information comprising:
a first step of providing main information to be transmitted, data of said main information including a group of data units each having a predetermined plurality of bits;
a second step of providing additional information to be incorporated into the data of said main information, said additional information including a plurality of data segments;
a third step of incorporating the data segments of said additional information provided by said second step into particular ones of the data units of said main information provided by said first step, in accordance with a predetermined encoding algorithm, prior to transmission of said main information; and
a fourth step of transmitting to a communication network said main information having said additional information incorporated therein.
38. A method as recited in claim 37 where said main information is music performance information and said additional information contains data representative of any one of a text message, still picture, moving picture and sound message.
39. A method of reproducing main information and additional information from data received via a communication network, data of said main information including a group of data units each having a predetermined plurality of bits, said additional information including a plurality of divided data segments, said main information having the data segments of said additional information incorporated in the data units thereof in accordance with a predetermined encoding algorithm, said method comprising the steps of:
detecting the data units of said main information where the data segments of said additional information are incorporated, from the data received via the communication network; and
decoding the data units, detected by said step of detecting, in a manner corresponding to the predetermined encoding algorithm and thereby separating and reproducing the data segments of said additional information and the data units of said main information from among the detected data units.
40. A method as recited in claim 39 which further comprises a step of displaying said additional information reproduced by said step of decoding.
41. A method as recited in claim 39 where said main information is music performance information and said additional information contains data representative of any one of a text message, still picture, moving picture and sound message.
42. A device for incorporating, into data of first information, data of second information, the data of said first information including a group of data units each having a predetermined plurality of bits, said device comprising:
a first section that selects one of the data units of said first information;
a second section that selects, from among a group of the data of said second information, a particular data segment to be incorporated into one of the data units of said first information; and
a third section that modifies a content of the one data unit of said first information selected by said first section in accordance with a predetermined encoding algorithm containing a value of the data segment selected by said second section as a parameter, whereby the selected one data unit of said first information is encoded in accordance with the encoding algorithm and the value of the data segment of said second information is incorporated latently into the selected one data unit.
43. A device for incorporating, into data of main information, data of additional information, the data of said main information including a group of data units each having a predetermined plurality of bits, said device comprising:
a first section that selects one of the data units of said main information;
a second section that selects, from among a group of the data of said additional information, a particular data segment to be incorporated into one of the data units of said main information, the data segment to be selected by said second section having a variable number of bits; and
a third section that modifies a content of the one data unit of said main information selected by said first section in accordance with a predetermined encoding algorithm containing a value of the data segment selected by said second section as a parameter, the encoding algorithm depending on the number of bits of the data segment selected by said second section, whereby the selected one data unit of said main information is encoded in accordance with the encoding algorithm and the value of the data segment of said additional information is incorporated latently into the selected one data unit.
44. A system for transmitting information comprising:
a first section that provides main information to be transmitted, data of said main information including a group of data units each having a predetermined plurality of bits;
a second section that provides additional information to be incorporated into the data of said main information, said additional information including a plurality of data segments;
a third section that incorporates the data segments of said additional information provided by said second section into particular ones of the data units of said main information provided by said first section, in accordance with a predetermined encoding algorithm, prior to transmission of said main information; and
a fourth section that transmits to a communication network said main information having said additional infor mation incorporated therein.
45. A system for reproducing main information and additional information from data received via a communication network, data of said main information including a group of data units each having a predetermined plurality of bits, said additional information including a plurality of divided data segments, said main information having the data segments of said additional information incorporated in the data units thereof in accordance with a predetermined encoding algorithm, said system comprising:
a detector section that detects the data units of said main information where the data segments of said additional information are incorporated, from the data received via the communication network; and
a decoder section that decodes the data units, detected by said detector section, in a manner corresponding to the predetermined encoding algorithm and thereby separates and reproduces the data segments of said additional information and the data units of said main information from among the detected data units.
46. A system as recited in claim 45 which further comprises a section that displays said additional information reproduced by said decoder section.
47. A machine-readable recording medium containing a program executable by a computer for incorporating, into data of first information, data of second information, the data of said first information including a group of data units each having a predetermined plurality of bits, said program comprising:
a first step of selecting one of the data units of said first information;
a second step of selecting, from among a group of the data of said second information, a particular data segment to be incorporated into one of the data units of said first information; and
a third step of modifying a content of the one data unit of said first information selected by said first step in accordance with a predetermined encoding algorithm containing a value of the data segment selected by said second step as a parameter, whereby the selected one data unit of said first information is encoded in accordance with the encoding algorithm and the value of the data segment of said second information is incorporated latently into the selected one data unit.
48. A machine-readable recording medium containing a program executable by a computer for incorporating, into data of main information, data of additional information, the data of said main information including a group of data units each having a predetermined plurality of bits, said program comprising:
a first step of selecting one of the data units of said main information;
a second step of selecting, from among a group of the data of said additional information, a particular data segment to be incorporated into one of the data units of said main information, the data segment to be selected by said second step having a variable number of bits; and
a third step of modifying a content of the one data unit of said main information selected by said first step in accordance with a predetermined encoding algorithm containing a value of the data segment selected by said second step as a parameter, the encoding algorithm depending on the number of bits of the data segment selected by said second step, whereby the selected one data unit of said main information is encoded in accordance with the encoding algorithm and the value of the data segment of said additional information is incorporated latently into the selected one data unit.
49. A machine-readable recording medium containing a program executable by a computer for transmitting information, said program comprising:
a first step of providing main information to be transmitted, data of said main information including a group of data units each having a predetermined plurality of bits;
a second step of providing additional information to be incorporated into the data of said main information, said additional information including a plurality of data segments;
a third step of incorporating the data segments of said additional information provided by said second step into particular ones of the data units of said main information provided by said first step, in accordance with a predetermined encoding algorithm, prior to transmission of said main information; and
a fourth step of transmitting to a communication network said main information having said additional information incorporated therein.
50. A machine-readable recording medium containing a program executable by a computer for reproducing main information and additional information from data received via a communication network, data of said main information including a group of data units each having a predetermined plurality of bits, said additional information including a plurality of divided data segments, said main information having the data segments of said additional information incorporated in the data units thereof in accordance with a predetermined encoding algorithm, said program comprising the steps of:
detecting the data units of said main information where the data segments of said additional information are incorporated, from the data received via the communication network; and
decoding the data units, detected by said step of detecting, in a manner corresponding to the predetermined encoding algorithm and thereby separating and reproducing the data segments of said additional information and the data units of said main information from among the detected data units.
51. A machine-readable recording medium containing a multiplicity of data of first information and data of second information smaller in quantity than the data of said first information, the data of said first information including a group of data units each having a predetermined plurality of bits, said second information including a plurality of data segments, the data of said additional information being incorporated in the data of said first information in accordance with a method which comprises:
a first step of selecting one of the data units of said first information;
a second step of selecting, from among a group of the data of said second information, a particular data segment to be incorporated into one of the data units of said first information; and
a third step of modifying a content of the one data unit of said first information selected by said first step in accordance with a predetermined encoding algorithm containing a value of the data segment selected by said second step as a parameter, whereby the selected one data unit of said first information is encoded in accordance with the encoding algorithm and the value of the data segment of said second information is incorporated latently into the selected one data unit.
52. A method of transmitting music performance information comprising the steps of:
applying special encoding to a particular portion of the music performance information coded in conventional form; and
transmitting the music performance information after the special encoding,
whereby at a receiving end, only portions, other than the particular portion, of the music performance information coded in conventional form can be reproduced by every person while the particular portion of the music performance information having undergone the special encoding can be reproduced only by an authorized person.
53. A machine-readable recording medium containing music performance information having predetermined portions coded in conventional form and another portion, than the predetermined portions, processed by secret, special encoding in such a manner that the predetermined portions of the music performance information coded in conventional form can be reproduced by every person while the other portion of the music performance information having undergone the special encoding can be reproduced only by an authorized person.

The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.

1. A heater apparatus for a vehicle, comprising:
a main heater of the vehicle; and
an auxiliary heater coupled with the main heater at a rear side thereof and having a housing including an edge part and an inner part, wherein heat radiation fins and positive temperature coefficient (PTC) element assemblies are coupled with the housing at a front surface thereof.
2. The heater apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the main heater and the auxiliary heater are integrally coupled with each other with a predetermined distance therebetween.
3. The heater apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the inner part of the housing of the auxiliary heater has the same area with an area of a core of the main heater.
4. The heater apparatus according to claim 1, wherein at both sides of the edge part of the auxiliary heater, bar-like, side-supporting parts are formed in a vertical direction from the edge part toward the inner part, and wherein on a rear surface of the side-supporting parts, heat radiation fins are formed in the vertical direction.
5. The heater apparatus according to claim 1, wherein at both sides of the edge part of the auxiliary heater, bar-like, side-supporting parts are formed in a vertical direction from the edge part toward the inner part, and wherein on a rear surface of the side-supporting parts, the PTC element assemblies are formed in the vertical direction.
6. The heater apparatus according to claim 1, wherein at both sides of the edge part of the auxiliary heater, bar-like, side-supporting parts are formed in a vertical direction from the edge part toward the inner part, and wherein on a rear surface of the side-supporting parts, the heat radiation fins and the PTC element assemblies are formed in the vertical direction, wherein the heat radiation fins and the PTC element assemblies are disposed discretely.
7. The heater apparatus according to claim 1, wherein an entire inner part of the housing is penetrated so as to have a penetration hole therein.
8. The heater apparatus according to claim 7, wherein at a center of the penetration hole, a bar-like, center-supporting part is formed extending from an upper end to a lower end of the penetration hole, and wherein on a rear surface of the center-supporting part, the heat radiation fins and the PTC element assemblies are formed in the vertical direction, wherein the heat radiation fins and the PTC element assemblies are disposed discretely.
9. The heater apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the heat radiation fins of the auxiliary heater are corrugated in a height direction thereof.
10. The heater apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the heat radiation fins of the auxiliary heater are inclined by a predetermined angle so as to form a louver shape.
11. The heater apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the edge part of the housing of the auxiliary heater is extended toward a front of the auxiliary heater, and wherein coupling parts surrounding an inlet and an outlet of the main heater are formed at side ends of the auxiliary heater so that the auxiliary heater and the main heater are coupled by fitting.
12. The heater apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the edge part of the housing of the auxiliary heater is extended toward a front of the auxiliary heater, wherein a recess groove is formed in an inner side of a side surface of the extended housing, and wherein a blade of a side plate of the main heater fits in the recess groove such that a distance between the main heater and the auxiliary heater is adjustable.
13. The heater apparatus according to claim 1, wherein a height formed by the heat radiation fins of the auxiliary heater and the PTC element assemblies is equal to a height formed by the heat radiation fins of the main heater and a tube.
14. The heater apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the heat radiation fins of the auxiliary heater are formed in the same direction in which the heat radiation fins of the main heater are formed.
15. The heater apparatus according to claim 1, wherein a tube pitch formed by the heat radiation fins of the auxiliary heater and the PTC element assemblies is equal to or less than a tube pitch of the heat radiation fins of the main heater.
16. The heater apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising a power terminal formed on a side surface of the housing of the auxiliary heater so as to supply power, wherein the power terminal is vertically formed in the same direction as that to which a pipe of the main heater is connected.
17. The heater apparatus according to claim 16, wherein the power terminal of the auxiliary heater is arranged in the housing of the auxiliary heater in a stepwise manner.

1. A process for producing low sulfur liquid products from a distillate boiling range feedstream comprising:
a) contacting a distillate boiling range feedstream containing aromatics, nitrogen and organically bound sulfur contaminants in a reaction stage with a bulk metal hydrotreating catalyst in the presence or hydrogen-containing treat gas thereby producing a reaction product comprising at least a vapor product and a liquid distillate boiling range product, wherein said distillate boiling range feedstream is contacted with said bulk metal catalyst under effective hydrotreating conditions and said bulk metal hydrotreating catalyst comprises:
i) a single Group VIB metal component selected from molybdenum and tungsten;
ii) a Group V metal component selected from vanadium, niobium, tantalum, and mixtures thereof; and
iii) a Group VIII metal component selected from nickel, cobalt, iron, and mixtures thereof, wherein the metal components (calculated as oxides) comprise at least 50 wt. % of the catalyst, wherein the metal components are present in a ratio defined as (Group VIB+Group V):(Group VIII) such that said ratio, based on oxide forms of the metal components, is from 0.35:1 to 2:1.
2. The process according to claim 1 wherein said distillate boiling range feedstream boils within 145\xb0 C. to about 425\xb0 C.
3. The process according to claim 1 wherein said reaction stage comprises one or more reactors or reaction zones each of which can comprise one or more catalyst beds selected from the group consisting of fluidized beds, ebullating beds, slurry beds, fixed beds, and moving beds wherein each of said one or more catalyst beds contains a catalyst suitable for the reaction zone in which the catalyst bed is located.
4. The process according to claim 3 wherein said reaction stage comprises one or more fixed catalyst beds.
5. The process according to claim 3 wherein said process further comprises cooling between catalyst beds, reactors, or reaction zones in said reaction stage.
6. The process according to claim 1 wherein said distillate boiling range feedstream is a diesel boiling range feedstream.
7. The process according to claim 6 wherein said diesel boiling range feedstream is selected from (1) diesel boiling range feedstreams that are not hydrotreated; (ii) are a blend of non-hydrotreated diesel boiling range feedstreams; (iii) are previously hydrotreated diesel boiling range feedstreams; (iv) are blends of hydrotreated diesel boiling range feedstreams; and (v) are blends of, non-hydrotreated and hydrotreated diesel boiling range feedstreams.
8. The process according to claim 1 wherein said bulk metal hydrotreating catalyst has a ratio between the total molar amount of Group VIB and Group V metal and the molar amount of Group VIII metal of at least 0.6:1.
9. The process according to claim 1 wherein the metal components of said bulk metal hydrotreating catalyst make up at least 80 wt. % of the catalyst composition, calculated as oxides.
10. The process according to claim 1 wherein the metal components of said bulk metal hydrotreating catalyst make up at least 90 wt. % of the catalyst composition, calculated as oxides.
11. The process according to claim 1 wherein vanadium andor niobium make up at least 50 mole % of the total of Group V metal components.
12. The process according to claim 1 wherein vanadium andor niobium make up at least 90 mole % of the total of Group V metal components.
13. The process according to claim 1 wherein vanadium andor niobium make up substantially all of the Group V metal components.
14. The process according to claim 1 wherein cobalt and nickel make up at least 50 mole % of the total of Group VIII metal components.
15. The process according to claim 1 wherein cobalt and nickel make up at least 90 mole % of the total of Group VIII metal components.
16. The process according to claim 1 wherein cobalt and nickel make up substantially all of the Group VIII metal components.
17. The process according to claim 14, wherein nickel makes up substantially all of the Group VIII metal components.
18. The process according to claim 1 wherein said bulk metal hydrotreating catalyst is formed by a process which comprises combining, sequentially or simultaneously, a Group VIB metal component selected from molybdenum and tungsten, a Group V metal component selected from vanadium, niobium, tantalum, and mixtures thereof; a Group VIII metal component selected from nickel, cobalt, iron, and mixtures thereof, and a sulfur compound.
19. The process according to claim 18 wherein said catalyst forming process involves combining, in a first step, a Group VIB metal component, a Group V metal component and a Group VIII metal component to form an oxygen-stable product and said oxygen stable product is combined with a sulfur compound in a second step.
20. The process according to claim 19 wherein the second step of combining the resulting oxygen-stable product with a sulfur compound further includes a sulfidation step wherein at least part of the metal components of the bulk metal hydrotreating catalyst are converted into their respective sulfides.
21. The process according to claim 1 wherein said process further comprises: b) separating said vapor product from said liquid distillate boiling range product; and c) recovering said liquid distillate boiling range product.
22. The process according to claim 1 wherein said effective hydrotreating conditions are selected in such a manner that at least a portion of said nitrogen and organically bound sulfur contaminants are removed from said distillate boiling range feedstream and at least a portion of said aromatics are hydrogenated.
23. The process according to claim 21 wherein said liquid distillate boiling range product has a sulfur, nitrogen, and aromatics concentration lower than said distillate boiling range feedstream.
24. The process according to claim 1 wherein said effective hydrotreating conditions comprise temperatures ranging from about 150\xb0 C. to about 425\xb0 C., weight hourly space velocities ranging from about 0.1 to about 20 hr\u22121, and pressures ranging from about 4 to about 70 atmospheres.
25. The process according to claim 1 wherein the nitrogen content of said distillate boiling range feedstream is about 50 to about 1000 wppm nitrogen, the sulfur content of the distillate boiling range feedstream ranges from about 50 wppm to about 7000 wppm, and the aromatics content ranges from about 0.05 wt. % to about 2.5 wt. %, all based on the distillate boiling range feedstream.
26. The process according to claim 1 wherein said bulk metal hydrotreating catalyst has a ratio between the total molar amount of Group VIB and Group V metals and the molar amount of Group VIII metal of at least 0.75:1.
27. The process according to claim 1 wherein said bulk metal hydrotreating catalyst has a ratio between the total molar amount of Group VIB and Group V metals and the molar amount of Group VIII metal of at most 1.5:1.
28. The process according to claim 1, wherein:
vanadium andor niobium make up substantially all of the Group V metal components;
cobalt andor nickel make up substantially all of the Group VIII metal components;
the Group VIB metal component is selected from molybdenum and tungsten;
the Group V metal components, the Group VIII metal components, and the Group VIB metal component constitute at least 90 wt % of the hulk hydroprocessing catalyst, as measured in oxide form before sulfidization;
the effective hydrotreating conditions comprise temperatures ranging from about 150\xb0 C. to about 425\xb0 C., weight hourly space velocities ranging from about 0.1 to about 20 hr\u22121, and pressures ranging from about 4 to about 70 atmospheres, and result in the distillate boiling range product having less than 100 wppm sulfur heteroatom content;
the (Group VIB+Group V):(Group VIII) ratio is from 0.48:1 to 0.67:1;
the bulk metal hydrotreating catalyst exhibits a metals ratio of (Group VIB):(Group V), based on oxide forms of the metals, from 3:1 to 1:3; and
the bulk metal hydrotreating catalyst further comprises sulfur, at least partly in metal sulfide form, such that the bulk metal hydrotreating catalyst exhibits a sulfur content from 8 wt % to less than 70 wt %.
29. The process of claim 28, wherein the effective hydrotreating conditions result in the distillate boiling range product having less than 10 wppm nitrogen heteroatom content, less than 25.5 wt % total aromatics content, less than 4.0 wt % di-aromatics content, and 4.0 wt % or less polynuclear aromatics content.

The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.

1. A strip-loaded thin film electro-optic waveguide modulator device comprising a waveguide, said waveguide comprising: a substrate; a nano-dimensioned film component on said substrate, said film component comprising BaTiO3; and a ridge component on said film component, said ridge component having a refractive index less than the refractive index of said film component.
2. The device of claim 1 wherein said waveguide is dimensioned to reduce polarization-dependent loss.
3. The device of claim 2 where said ridge component comprises Si3N4 and has a thickness dimension ranging from about 100 nm to about 200 nm, and said film component has a thickness dimension ranging from about 300 nm to about 700 nm.
4. The device of claim 1 comprising two opposed, substantially coplanar electrodes, each said electrode on an opposed side of said ridge component.
5. The device of claim 4 incorporated into a fiber-optic internet network.
6. The device of claim 1 comprising a SiO2 buffer component over said ridge component and between said film component and said electrodes.
7. The device of claim 6 wherein said buffer component has a thickness dimension greater than about 400 nm.
8. The device of claim 7 wherein said buffer component dimension is selected to substantially match optic wave and microwave phase velocities through said waveguide.
9. A strip-loaded thin film, electro-optic waveguide modulator device, comprising a substrate; a nano-dimensioned film component on said substrate, said film component comprising BaTiO3; a ridge component on said film component, said ridge component having a refractive index less than the refractive index of said film component; two substantially coplanar electrodes, each said electrode on an opposed side of said ridge component; and a SiO2 buffer component over said ridge component and between said film component and said electrodes.
10. The device of claim 9 dimensioned to reduce planarization-dependant loss, said ridge component having a thickness dimension ranging from about 100 nm to about 200 nm, and said film component having a thickness dimension ranging from about 300 nm to about 700 nm.
11. The device of claim 10 wherein said buffer component has a thickness dimension greater than about 400 nm.
12. The device of claim 11 wherein said buffer component dimension is selected to substantially match optic wave and microwave phase velocities.
13. A method of using a SiO2 component to reduce the effective microwave refractive index of a BaTiO3 thin film composite waveguide modulator device, said method comprising:
providing a modulator device comprising a nano-dimensioned film component comprising BaTiO3, and a ridge component on said film component, said waveguide providing a first microwave refractive index at a given wavelength; and
providing a SiO2 buffer component over said ridge component and said film component, said waveguide providing a second, lower effective microwave refractive index at said wavelength.
14. The method of claim 13 wherein said waveguide is dimensioned to reduce polarization-dependant loss, said ridge component having a thickness dimension ranging from about 100 nm to about 200 nm, and said film component having a thickness dimension ranging from about 300 nm to about 700 nm.
15. The method of claim 14 wherein said buffer component has a thickness dimension greater than about 400 nm.
16. A method of using a buffer component dimension to increase microwave phase velocity in a waveguide modulator, said method comprising;
providing a strip-loaded thin film electro-optic modulator device comprising a waveguide comprising a nano-dimensioned film component comprising BaTiO3, and a ridge component on said film component, said waveguide providing a first microwave phase velocity at a given wavelength; and
providing a SiO2 buffer component on said ridge and film components, said buffer component thickness dimension selected to provide a second, higher microwave phase velocity at said wavelength.
17. The method of claim 16 wherein said thickness dimension is selected to provide a microwave phase velocity substantially matching the optic wave phase velocity, at said wavelength.
18. The method of claim 16 wherein said waveguide is dimensioned to reduce polarization-dependent loss, said ridge component having a thickness dimension ranging from about 100 nm to about 200 nm, and a film component having a thickness dimension ranging from about 300 nm to about 700 nm.
19. The method of claim 18 wherein said buffer component has a thickness dimension greater than about 400 nm.
20. The method of claim 19 wherein said film component has a thickness dimension of about 600 nm and said buffer component has a thickness dimension of about 1050 nm.