1. A moving member fixing apparatus comprising
a stationary member;
a moving member movably provided to said stationary member;
a press member which presses said moving member to fix said moving member to said stationary member, and cancels pressing said moving member so that said moving member is released from said stationary member;
a first flat inclined surface formed to be associated with said stationary member; and
a second flat inclined surface which is formed on said press member and comes into contact with said first inclined surface.
2. An apparatus according to claim 1, wherein said first and second inclined surfaces are inclined in a direction along which said press member comes close to said moving member when said moving member is being fixed to said stationary member.
3. An apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
said stationary member is fixed to a rotary shaft,
said press member is supported regarding said stationary member to be movable in a radial direction of said rotary shaft, and
when said press member moves in the radial direction of said rotary shaft, said press member moves in directions to come close to and separate from said movable member through said first and second inclined surfaces.
4. An apparatus according to claim 3, wherein said press member is held between said first inclined surface and said moving member.
5. An apparatus according to claim 4, further comprising biasing means for biasing said press member in the radial direction of said rotary shaft,
wherein said press member presses said moving member through said first and second inclined surfaces when said press member is biased by said biasing means.
6. An apparatus according to claim 5, wherein said biasing means includes
a rod-like member which has a first abutting portion and to which said press member is fixed,
a support member which supports said rod-like member to be movable in the radial direction of said rotary shaft, and
a first biasing member which biases said rod-like member supported by said support member toward a center of said rotary shaft.
7. An apparatus according to claim 6, further comprising
a pivotal member which is pivotally supported by said rotary shaft and has a second abutting portion to abut against said first abutting portion,
wherein when an abutting state of said first and second abutting portions is canceled, said rod-like member is moved by a biasing force of said biasing member toward the center of said rotary shaft, so that said moving member is fixed to said stationary member, and
when said first and second abutting portions are in the abutting state, said rod-like member moves apart from the center of said rotary shaft against the biasing force of said biasing member, so that said moving member is released from said stationary member.
8. An apparatus according to claim 7, further comprising an actuator which pivots said pivotal member.
9. An apparatus according to claim 8, further comprising
an engaging member supported by said pivotal member,
an operating member of said actuator, said operating member having an inclined surface to abut against said engaging member, and
a biasing member which biases said pivotal member in a direction in which said engaging member comes close to said inclined surface of said operating member,
wherein when said inclined surface of said operating member engages with said engaging member by operation of said actuator, said pivotal member is pivoted against the biasing force of said biasing member.
10. An apparatus according to claim 8, wherein said actuator comprises a hydropneumatic cylinder having a rod that can move forwardbackward.
11. An apparatus according to claim 8, further comprising:
a first engaging member provided to said stationary member;
a second engaging member supported by said pivotal member;
a second biasing member which biases said pivotal member so that said second engaging member comes close to and opposes said first engaging member; and
a first operating member of said actuator which enters between said first and second engaging members and pivots said pivotal member.
12. An apparatus according to claim 11, further comprising a stopper which is fixed to said stationary member and regulates pivot motion of said pivotal member so that said second engaging member is stopped at a predetermined gap from said first engaging member.
13. An apparatus according to claim 11, wherein said first operating member has a reference surface which comes into contact with said first engaging member, and an inclined surface which comes into contact with said second engaging member.
14. An apparatus according to claim 11, wherein
said actuator has a rod which moves forwardbackward,
when said rod of said actuator operates in a first direction, said pivotal member pivots in a first pivot direction, so that said second abutting portion abuts against said first abutting portion, and
when said rod of said actuator operates in a second direction opposite to the first direction, said pivotal member pivots in a second pivot direction opposite to the first pivot direction, so that abutment of said second abutting portion against said first abutting portion is canceled.
15. An apparatus according to claim 14, further comprising a second operating member supported by said first operating member,
wherein said second operating member engages with said second engaging member when said rod of said actuator operates in the second direction.
16. An apparatus according to claim 4, further comprising:
a bolt to which said press member is fixed; and
a support member which supports said bolt through a tapped hole to be movable in the radial direction of said rotary shaft,
wherein when said bolt is rotated manually, said press member moves in the radial direction of said rotary shaft.
17. An apparatus according to claim 3, wherein
said rotary shaft comprises an end shaft of a convertible cylinder of a sheet-fed offset rotary printing press with a convertible press mechanism,
said stationary member comprises a stationary gear which is fixed to said end shaft of said convertible cylinder and has a step,
said rotary member comprises a ring-like rotary gear rotatably fitted on a step of said stationary gear, and
said press member presses a side surface of said rotary gear and fixes said rotary gear to the step of said stationary gear to be integral with the step.
18. An apparatus according to claim 7, further comprising:
a plurality of press mechanisms which are provided to said rotary member at equal angular intervals to be substantially concentric and each of which has said second abutting portion, and
a plurality of fixing mechanisms which are arranged to correspond to said plurality of press mechanisms and each of which has said press member, said first and second inclined surfaces, and said first abutting portion,
wherein when said actuator performs first operation, said pivotal member pivots, and said second abutting portion engages with said first abutting portion to release said moving member from said stationary member, and
when said actuator performs second operation in a direction opposite to the first operation, said pivotal member pivots in an opposite direction, and said second abutting portion separates from said first abutting portion to fix said moving member to said stationary member.
19. An apparatus according to claim 15, wherein
said second operating member has an inclined surface which opposes an inclined surface of said first operating member and is parallel thereto,
when said rod of said actuator moves in the first direction, said first operating member enters between said first and second engaging members, said second engaging member moves in a direction to separate from said first engaging member while being in contact with said first operating member, and accordingly said pivotal member pivots in a direction opposite to a biasing direction of said biasing member, so that said second abutting portion abuts against said first abutting portion,
during moving operation of said moving member with respect to said stationary member, a state wherein said second engaging member engages with the inclined surface of said first operating member is maintained with a reference surface of said first operating member engaging with said first engaging member, and
when said rod of said actuator moves in the second direction, said second engaging member moves in a direction to come close to said first engaging member while being in contact with an inclined surface of said second operating member, and said pivotal member pivots in a biasing direction of said biasing member, so that abutment of said second abutting portion against said first abutting portion is canceled accordingly.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. A subsea production system for conducting hydrocarbon recovery operations in a marine environment, the marine environment comprising a body of water having a surface and a seabed, and the production system comprising:
an elongated trussed frame having a first end and an opposing second end, the first end comprising a base residing proximate the seabed;
a landing deck at the second end of the trussed frame, the landing deck being configured to receive and releasably attach to a floating drilling unit, and the landing deck residing below the water surface a sufficient distance to avoid contact with a floating ice sheet;
one or more fluid storage cells residing at the seabed proximate the base of the trussed frame, at least one of the one or more fluid storage cells being a hydrocarbon fluids storage cell for receiving hydrocarbon fluids; and
subsea production operational equipment residing above the seabed and proximate the second end of the trussed frame below the landing deck, the subsea production operational equipment being in fluid communication with the at least one hydrocarbon fluids storage cell.
2. The subsea production system of claim 1, wherein the subsea production operational equipment comprises (i) power generation equipment, (ii) pressure pumps, (iii) control valves, (iv) a production manifold, (v) fluid separation equipment or (vi) combinations thereof.
3. The subsea production system of claim 1, further comprising:
a hydrocarbon transport line providing fluid communication between the subsea production operational equipment and the at least one hydrocarbon fluids storage cell.
4. The subsea production system of claim 1, further comprising:
a plurality of wellheads disposed on the trussed frame, each wellhead receiving production fluids from a subsurface reservoir through a surface casing that extends from the seabed and into the trussed frame; and
a production flowline for delivering production fluids from the wellhead to the subsea production operational equipment.
5. The subsea production system of claim 1, further comprising:
a production riser for transporting hydrocarbon fluids from the at least one hydrocarbon fluids storage cell to a transport vessel at the water surface, the production riser being in selective fluid communication with the transport vessel.
6. The subsea production system of claim 1, wherein:
the subsea production operational equipment receives production fluids from a plurality of wellheads located on the seabed; and
the subsea production system further comprises production flowlines for transporting production fluids from the respective subsea wellheads to the subsea production operational equipment proximate the second end of the trussed frame.
7. The subsea production system of claim 1, wherein the trussed frame is generally frustum-shaped.
8. The subsea production system of claim 1, wherein the trussed frame has a substantially constant width between the first end and the second end.
9. The subsea production system of claim 1, further comprising:
a gravity base structure comprising the one or more fluid storage cells.
10. The subsea production system of claim 1, wherein the first end of the trussed frame comprises a gravity base.
11. The subsea production system of claim 1, further comprising:
a plurality of mooring lines circumscribing the production system, with each line having a first end connected to the trussed frame, and a second end connected to an anchor at the seabed.
12. The subsea production system of claim 11, wherein each of the anchors comprises a weighted block held on the seabed by gravity, or a frame structure with a plurality of pile-driven pillars or suction pillars secured to the seabed.
13. The subsea production system of claim 11, wherein the first end of each of the plurality of mooring lines is connected to the trussed frame proximate the second end of the trussed frame.
14. The subsea production system of claim 11, wherein each of the plurality of mooring lines is fabricated from chains, wire ropes, synthetic ropes, eyebars or pipes.
15. The subsea production system of claim 1, further comprising:
one or more buoyancy tanks within the trussed frame.
16. The subsea production system of claim 15, wherein the landing deck resides at least about 20 meters (66 feet) below the water surface.
17. The subsea production system of claim 1, wherein the trussed frame defines an articulated structure comprising:
a substantially rigid lower section extending upwardly from the seabed to a pivot point located intermediate the first end and the second end of the trussed frame; and
a compliant upper section extending upwardly from the pivot point to the landing deck such that the compliant upper section is able to pivot relative to the substantially rigid lower section in response to wave energy and currents.
18. The subsea production system of claim 17, wherein the substantially rigid lower section comprises:
a plurality of pile sleeves attached to the trussed frame; and
a plurality of piles passing through the pile sleeves to permit relative pivoting motion between the substantially rigid lower section and the compliant upper section.
19. The subsea production system of claim 18, wherein:
each of the plurality of pile sleeves is attached to the substantially rigid lower section; and
each of the corresponding piles is attached to the compliant upper section.
20. The subsea production system of claim 18, wherein:
each of the plurality of pile sleeves is attached to the compliant upper section; and
each of the corresponding piles is attached to the substantially rigid lower section.
21. The subsea production system of claim 18, wherein the substantially rigid lower section comprises a gravity base at the seabed.
22. The subsea production system of claim 1, wherein the drilling unit comprises:
a platform for conducting operations in the marine environment;
a tower configured to provide ballasting and stability below the water surface; and
a base for attaching to the landing deck.
23. The subsea production system of claim 1, wherein the subsea production operational equipment includes fluid separation equipment.
24. The subsea production system of claim 23, wherein the fluid separation equipment is placed on the trussed frame proximate the second end.
25. The subsea production system of claim 23, wherein the fluid separation equipment is place on a separate frame structure positioned proximate the second end of the trussed frame.
26. A method for installing components for a subsea production system in a marine environment, the marine environment comprising a body of water having a surface and a seabed, and the method comprising:
identifying a location in the marine environment for hydrocarbon recovery operations;
placing one or more hydrocarbon fluids storage cells on the seabed at the selected location;
transporting an elongated trussed frame to the selected location, the trussed frame having a first end and an opposing second end;
installing the trussed frame in the marine environment such that the first end is placed on the seabed proximate the one or more hydrocarbon fluids storage cells;
transporting a frame structure containing the subsea production operational equipment;
installing the frame structure proximate to the second end of the trussed frame;
installing a landing deck proximate the second end of the trussed frame above the frame structure a distance below the water surface;
transporting a floating drilling unit to the selected location;
releasably attaching the floating drilling unit to the landing deck of the trussed frame;
connecting a hydrocarbon transport line so as to provide fluid communication between the subsea production operational equipment and the one or more hydrocarbon fluids storage cells.
27. The method of claim 26, wherein the subsea production operational equipment comprises (i) power generation equipment, (ii) pressure pumps, (iii) control valves, (iv) a production manifold, (v) fluid separation equipment or (vi) combinations thereof.
28. The method of claim 26, further comprising:
drilling a plurality of wells through the seabed and into a subsurface reservoir; and
producing hydrocarbon fluids.
29. The method of claim 28, further comprising:
placing a plurality of wellheads for each well on the seabed; and
installing production flowlines for delivering production fluids from the respective wellheads to the subsea production operational equipment.
30. The method of claim 28, further comprising:
placing a first end of a production riser in fluid communication with the one or more hydrocarbon fluids storage cells; and
transferring hydrocarbon fluids from the one or more hydrocarbon fluids storage cells to a transport vessel.
31. The method of claim 28, further comprising:
placing a plurality of wellheads for each well on the trussed frame, each wellhead receiving production fluids from the subsurface reservoir through a surface casing that extends from the seabed and into the trussed frame; and
installing production flowlines for delivering production fluids from the respective wellheads to the subsea production operational equipment.
32. The method of claim 31, wherein all production fluids received by the subsea production operational equipment flows through the plurality of wellheads disposed on the trussed frame.
33. The method of claim 26, further comprising:
lowering a plurality of anchors onto the seabed, the anchors circumscribing the trussed frame;
providing a corresponding plurality of mooring lines, each mooring line having a first end and a second end; and
connecting the first end of each mooring line to an anchor at the seabed, and a second end of each mooring line to the trussed frame.
34. The method of claim 33, wherein each of the anchors comprises a weighted block held on the seabed by gravity, or a frame structure with a plurality of pile-driven pillars or suction pillars secured to the earth proximate the seabed.
35. The method of claim 26, wherein the trussed frame defines an articulated structure comprising:
a substantially rigid lower section extending upwardly from the seabed to a pivot point located intermediate the first and second ends of the trussed frame; and
a compliant upper section extending upwardly from the pivot point towards the landing deck such that the compliant upper section is able to pivot laterally relative to the substantially rigid lower section in response to wave energy and currents.
36. The method of claim 26, further comprising:
attaching a floating drilling unit to the landing deck of the trussed frame.
37. The method of claim 26, further comprising:
identifying a moving ice sheet within the marine environment;
disconnecting the floating drilling unit from the landing deck of the trussed frame; and
temporarily moving the floating drilling unit to a new location in the marine environment to avoid the moving ice sheet.
38. The method of claim 26, further comprising:
determining an anticipated maximum depth of moving ice sheets within the marine environment; and
dimensioning the elongated trussed frame such that the landing deck is below the maximum depth when the trussed frame is erected.
39. The method of claim 38, wherein the landing deck resides at least 20 meters (66 feet) below the water surface.
40. A method of moving a floating drilling unit in a marine environment from an offshore location, the marine environment comprising a body of water having a surface and a seabed, and the method comprising:
identifying a moving ice sheet within the marine environment;
disconnecting the drilling unit from a subsea production tower, the subsea production tower comprising:
an elongated trussed frame having a first end and an opposing second end, the first end comprising a base residing proximate the seabed,
a landing deck at the second end of the trussed frame, the landing deck being configured to receive and releasably attach to the drilling unit, and the landing deck residing at least 20 meters (66 feet) below the water surface, and
subsea production operational equipment residing above the seabed and proximate the second end of the trussed frame below the landing deck, the subsea production operational equipment being in fluid communication with at least one hydrocarbon fluids storage cell on the seabed;
temporarily re-locating the drilling unit to a new location within the marine environment to avoid the moving ice sheet; and
returning the drilling unit to the landing deck of the production tower after the ice sheet has passed by the offshore location.
41. The method of claim 40, wherein the subsea production operational equipment includes fluid separation equipment, the fluid separation equipment residing a distance below the landing deck within about 20% of the overall height of the subsea production tower.