All The Claims

1. A method of processing transfer rides associated with at least one public transit network, the method comprising:
processing a first presentation record, wherein the first presentation record comprises a timestamp and an identifier to a transit account, and wherein the act of processing the first presentation record comprises
receiving the first presentation record from a gate; and
saving the first presentation record to a database in memory; and

processing a second presentation record, wherein the second presentation record comprises a timestamp and an identifier to the transit account, and wherein the act of processing the second presentation record comprises
receiving the second presentation record;
saving the second presentation record to memory;
searching the database for a presentation record corresponding to the transit account identified by the identifier in the second presentation record;
finding the first presentation record;
determining the first presentation record and the second presentation record comprise an initial presentation and a transfer presentation, wherein the initial presentation and the transfer presentation occur within a predetermined amount of time, and wherein the transfer presentation represents a different transportation than represented by the initial presentation; and
accounting for the initial presentation and the transfer presentation.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the identifier of the first presentation record differs from the identifier of the second presentation record.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the first presentation record results from a transaction between an identifying token and a token reader, wherein the identifying token does not retain information regarding the transaction.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the first presentation record results from a transaction between an identifying token and a token reader, wherein the identifying token only retains an adjusted counter as a result of the transaction.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the first presentation record results from a transaction between an identifying token and a token reader, wherein the identifying token is retrieved from at least one of a credit card and a debit card.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein the first presentation record is a record of an RFID token presentation.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein the first presentation record is a record of a bankcard presentation.
8. The method of claim 7, wherein the bankcard is compliant with ISO 14443.
9. The method of claim 7, wherein the bankcard is compliant with ISO 7816.
10. The method of claim 7, further comprising generating a hash identifier based on at least part of a bankcard identifier number associated with the bankcard.
11. The method of claim 1, wherein the timestamp from the first presentation record represents a time after the timestamp from the second presentation record.
12. The method of claim 1, wherein the at least one public transit network comprises a plurality of public transit networks.
13. The method of claim 1, wherein the first presentation record was recorded by a reader within a first public transit agency, and wherein the second presentation record was recorded by a reader within a second public transit agency.
14. The method of claim 1, wherein the first presentation record and the second presentation record represent different modes of transportation.
15. The method of claim 1, wherein a first of the first presentation record and the second presentation record represents bus travel.
16. The method of claim 1, wherein a first of the first presentation record and the second presentation record represents rail travel.
17. The method of claim 1, wherein the first presentation record and the second presentation record both represent a common financial account.
18. The method of claim 1, wherein the identifier in the first presentation record equals the identifier in the second presentation record.
19. The method of claim 1, wherein the identifier in the first presentation record differs from the identifier in the second presentation record.
20. The method of claim 1, wherein the identifier in the first presentation record identifies a first bank card account and the identifier in the second presentation record identifies a second bank card account different from the first bank card account.
21. The method of claim 1, wherein the act of determining comprises evaluating a duration of time elapsed between the timestamp of the first presentation record and the time stamp of the second presentation record.
22. The method of claim 1, wherein:
the first presentation record further comprises location information of the gate of the first presentation record; and
the second presentation record further comprises location information of the gate of the second presentation record.
23. The method of claim 22, wherein the act of determining comprises evaluating a distance between a location associated with the first presentation record and a location associated with the second presentation record.
24. The method of claim 1, wherein the act of determining comprises evaluating a connection between a first commuter transit line associated with the first presentation record and a second commuter transit line associated with the second presentation record.
25. The method of claim 1, further comprising processing a third presentation record, wherein the third presentation record comprises a timestamp and an identifier to the transit account, and wherein the act of processing the third presentation record comprises:
receiving the third presentation record;
saving the third presentation record to memory;
searching the database for the first presentation record and the second presentation record corresponding to the transit account identified by the identifier in the third presentation record;
determining the third presentation record is associated with the first presentation record and the second presentation record;
determining the first, second and third presentation records comprise an initial presentation, a first transfer presentation, and a second transfer presentation; and
accounting for the first and second transfer presentations associated with the first, second and third presentation records.
26. The method of claim 1, wherein the act of accounting comprises:
determining a fare resulting from the initial presentation and the transfer presentation; and
applying the determined fare to the transit account.
27. The method of claim 1, wherein the transit account is associated with a bankcard.
28. The method of claim 1, further comprising settling the transit account with a payment account.
29. The method of claim 28, wherein the act of settling comprises settling a first balance with a commuter benefit network and settling a second balance with a financial institution clearing and settlement network.
30. The method of claim 28, wherein the act of accounting comprises accounting for a single-ride fare to the transit account thereby allowing the transfer presentation to be free.
31. The method of claim 28, where the payment account is associated with a bankcard and settling comprises communicating with a clearing and settlement network.
32. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
receiving the first presentation record at a processor;
receiving the second presentation record at the processor.
33. A backend processing system for processing transfer rides associated with at least one public transit network, the system comprising:
means for processing a first presentation record, wherein the first presentation record comprises a timestamp and an identifier to a transit account, and wherein the means for processing the first presentation record comprises
means for receiving the first presentation record from a gate; and
means for saving the first presentation record to a database in memory; and

means for processing a second presentation record, wherein the second presentation record comprises a timestamp and an identifier to the transit account, and wherein the means for processing the second presentation record comprises
means for receiving the second presentation record;
means for saving the second presentation record to memory;
means for searching the database for a presentation record corresponding to the transit account identified by the identifier in the second presentation record;
means for finding the first presentation record;
means for determining the first presentation record and the second presentation record comprise an initial presentation and a transfer presentation, wherein the initial presentation and the transfer presentation occur within a predetermined amount of time, and wherein the transfer presentation represents a different transportation than represented by the initial presentation; and
means for accounting for the initial presentation and the transfer presentation.
34. A processing system associated with at least one public transit system, the processing system comprising:
at least one processor;
a first interface coupled to the at least one processor and coupled to receive a plurality of presentation records from the at least one public transit system;
memory coupled to the at least one processor, wherein the memory is configured to hold
the received plurality of presentation records;
fare rules comprising at least one rule to determine whether the first presentation record and the second presentation record comprise an initial presentation and a transfer presentation, wherein the initial presentation and the transfer presentation occur within a predetermined amount of time, and wherein the transfer presentation represents a different transportation than represented by the initial presentation; and
transit account data comprising an account state for a plurality of transit accounts; and

a second interface coupled to the at least one processor and coupled to communicate to a payment gateway to settle the plurality of transit accounts; wherein the at least one processor is configured to apply the fare rules to the received plurality of presentation records.
35. The processing system of claim 34, wherein the first interface comprises a TCPIP socket.
36. The processing system of claim 34, wherein the memory comprises a database to hold the received plurality of presentation records.
37. The processing system of claim 34, wherein the memory comprises a rule base comprising distinct rules to operate on the received plurality of presentation records.
38. The processing system of claim 34, wherein the memory coupled to the at least one processor comprises a memory coupled to the at least one processor via a computer bus.
39. The processing system of claim 34, wherein the memory coupled to the at least one processor comprises a socket.
40. The processing system of claim 34, wherein the second interface comprises a computer bus.
41. The processing system of claim 34, wherein the memory comprises
a first set of data structures for the fare rules; and
a second set of data structures for the received plurality of presentation records;
wherein the first set of data structures are distinct from the second set of data structures.
42. The processing system of claim 34, wherein the backend processing system is located remotely from a plurality of gates.
43. The processing system of claim 34, wherein the backend processing system is co-located with a plurality of gates.
44. The processing system of claim 34, wherein the at least one public transit system comprises a plurality of public transit systems and wherein the first interface coupled to the at least one processor and coupled to receive the plurality of presentation records from the at least one public transit system comprise a first interface coupled to receive the plurality of presentation records from the plurality of public transit systems.
45. A non-transitory computer-readable medium, comprising machine readable code for
processing a first presentation record, wherein the first presentation record comprises a timestamp and an identifier to a transit account, and wherein the code for processing the first presentation record comprises
receiving the first presentation record from a gate; and
saving the first presentation record to a database in memory; and

processing a second presentation record, wherein the second presentation record comprises a timestamp and an identifier to the transit account, and wherein the code for processing the second presentation record comprises
receiving the second presentation record;
saving the second presentation record to memory;
searching the database for a presentation record corresponding to the transit account identified by the identifier in the second presentation record;
finding the first presentation record;
determining the first presentation record and the second presentation record comprise an initial presentation and a transfer presentation, wherein the initial presentation and the transfer presentation occur within a predetermined amount of time, and wherein the transfer presentation represents a different transportation than represented by the initial presentation; and
accounting for the initial presentation and the transfer presentation.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.

1. A method operating a media-access control unit in communications network were a base station transmits frames of data, each frame having a frame duration and using a cyclic prefix in its frame symbols, the cyclic-prefix having a cyclic-prefix length, each frame also having a frame control header, the media-access control unit capable of processing the flow of data between a higher protocol-layer unit and a physical-layer control unit of a network communications component, the physical-layer control unit interfacing with a communications medium, the method comprising the steps:
(a) placing the media-access control unit in a scan mode where the cyclic-prefix length and frame length are ascertained and one or more parameters relating to the signal quality of the base station are collected, wherein data is not exchanged with the higher protocol-layer unit during the scan mode;
(b) remaining in scan mode until at least a point in time when the media-access control unit is receiving frame control headers at an interval equal to the ascertained frame length; and
(c) thereafter placing the media-access control unit in a run mode when the cyclic-prefix length and the frame length are ascertained, the media-access control unit processing at least one flow of data to the higher protocol-layer unit during the run mode.
2. The method of claim 1 wherein step (a) further comprises ascertaining an identifier of a base station provided in the received frames.
3. The method of claim 2 further comprising a step of obtaining an identifier of a base station to synchronize to, and wherein step (a) further comprises checking the base-stations identifiers ascertained from the received frames against the obtained base-station identifier, and wherein the media-access control unit is not placed in run mode until the base-station identifier ascertained from the frames matches the obtained base-station identifier.

What is claimed is:

1. A temperature controlled ion implanter system, comprising:
a) an ion source having at least one interior chamber for an ion source material; and
b) a temperature regulating means contacting at least a portion of the ion source to reduce the temperature within the interior chamber.
2. The ion implanter according to claim 1 wherein the temperature is sufficiently reduced to a temperature whereat the ion source material exhibits reduced vaporization.
3. The ion implanter according to claim 1 wherein the ion source material is B10H14.
4. The ion implanter according to claim 1 wherein the temperature regulating means comprises a heat absorbing fluid and a vapor-compression system.
5. The ion implanter according to claim 1 wherein the ion source is a double compartment charge exchange type.
6. The ion implanter according to claim 1 wherein the temperature regulating means cools the interior chamber to about 20 C. or below.
7. The ion implanter according to claim 1 wherein the interior chamber is divided into two separated chambers comprising an ionizing chamber and a charge transfer chamber.
8. The ion implanter according to claim 1 further comprising an extraction electrode cooled by a heat absorbing fluid.
9. The ion implanter according to claim 1 wherein the interior chamber has a housing contacting the temperature regulating means, and at least one heating element connected to the housing for heating the interior chamber to reduce vapors of ion source material.
10. The ion implanter according to claim 1 further comprising a temperature monitor inside the interior chamber to determine temperature therein.
11. The ion implanter according to claim 1 further comprising an ion source material vapor detector to monitor levels of vapors.
12. The ion implanter according to claim 1 further comprising a vaporizer communicatively connected to the ion source for vaporizing a solid ion source material, the vaporizer comprising a temperature regulating means to cool the vaporizer to a reduced temperature that substantially reduces vapors of remaining solid ion source material.
13. The ion implanter according to claim 1 wherein the ion source has a gas inlet line connected to a vacuum line, the vacuum line comprising a temperature regulation system to lower the temperature within the tube to a temperature whereat vapors of the ion source material are reduced.
14. A method for cooling an ion implanter to reduce vapors of an ion source material, comprising the steps of:
a) providing an ion implanter having an ion source with at least one interior chamber for vaporized ion source material; and
b) contacting the ion source with a temperature regulating device to cool the interior of the ion source to reduce vapors of ion source material.
15. The method according to claim 14 wherein the temperature is reduced to about 20 C.
16. The ion implanter according to claim 14 wherein the ion source material is B10H14.
17. The method according to claim 14 wherein the temperature regulating means comprises a heat absorbing fluid and a vapor-compression system.
18. The method according to claim 14 wherein the ion source is a double compartment charge exchange type.
19. The method according to claim 14 wherein the interior chamber is divided into two separated chambers comprising an ionizing chamber and a charge transfer chamber.
20. The method according to claim 14 further comprising cooling an extraction electrode by a heat absorbing fluid.
21. The method according to claim 14 further comprising:
providing at least one heating element connected to the interior chamber of the ion source for heating the ion source material to a sufficient temperature to reduce hazardous vapors of the ion source material therein.
22. The method according to claim 14 further comprising monitoring the temperature within the interior chamber to determine temperature therein.
23. The method according to claim 14 further comprising detecting vapors of the ion source material in the interior chamber to determine levels therein.
24. The method according to claim 14 wherein the ion source further comprises a vaporizer communicatively connected to the ion source for vaporizing a solid ion source material, and cooling the temperature in the vaporizer to substantially reduce hazardous vapors of remaining solid ion source material.
25. A temperature controlled ion implanter system, comprising:
a) an ion source having an interior chamber comprising a plasma generating chamber and charge transfer chamber separated by a divider having at least one aperture therein for movement of ions andor gases between the plasma generating chamber and the charge transfer chamber; and
b) a temperature regulating means contacting at least a portion of the ion source to reduce the temperature within the interior chamber.
26. The system according to claim 25 wherein the charge transfer chamber is contacted by the temperature regulating means.
27. The system according to claim 26 wherein the temperature regulating means is a cooling system.
28. The system according to claim 27 wherein the divider further comprises an electrically insulating material.
29. The system according claim 26 wherein the apertures are concentrated on the divider near the terminal ends of the divider and the center portion of the divider is devoid of apertures.
30. The system according to claim 26 wherein the divider further comprises a heat shield material.

The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.

1. A process for forming a bridged Group 4 transition metal complex corresponding to the formula:

15
wherein:
M is a Group 4 metal in the 2, 3 or 4 formal oxidation state;
Y1 and Y2 are independently anionic, cyclic or non-cyclic, -bonded groups,
Q, independently each occurrence, is a neutral, anionic or dianionic ligand group, said Q having up to 50 atoms not counting hydrogen;
j is an integer from 1 to 4, selected with respect to the oxidation state of M and the electronic nature of Q to provide overall charge balance to the compound;
R1 is independently each occurrence hydrogen, a hydrocarbyl group, a tri(hydrocarbyl)silyl group, or a tri(hydrocarbyl)silylhydrocarbyl group, or one of the foregoing multiatomic groups further substituted with one or more di(hydrocarbyl)amino- or hydrocarbyloxy- groups, said R1 group containing up to 50 atoms not counting hydrogen, and optionally both R1 groups may be joined together, optionally by means of one or more divalent bridging group moieties derived from the foregoing di(hydrocarbyl)amino- or hydrocarbyloxy-substituent groups, thereby forming a dianionic ligand group,
the steps of the process comprising:
(1) contacting a boron trihalide with a magnesium dianionic salt corresponding to the formula Mg(Y1H)(Y2H), wherein Y1 and Y2 are as previously defined to prepare a metal complex according to the formula:

16
wherein X is halide;
(2) aminating the boron bridging atom thereby forming a compound of Formula 3,

17
wherein R1 is as previously defined,
(3) deprotonating the product of step (2) of Formula 3 by contact with a deprotonating agent; and
(4) contacting the product of step (3) with a transition metal salt of the formula MY3y(LB)b, wherein
M is as previously defined;
Y3 is Q or a leaving group;
y is an integer from 0 to 4 selected to provide charge balance in the transition metal salt;
LB is a Lewis base compound; and
b is an integer from 0 to 3.
2. The process of claim 1 wherein amination of the boron bridging atom (step (2)) is accomplished by the use of an alkali metal amide- or Grignard amide- reagent of the formula MeNR12, wherein Me is an alkali metal cation or Grignard cation of the formula: MgBr or MgCl, by a secondary amine of the formula HNR12, or by a mixture of a secondary amine reagent of the formula HNR12 and a tertiary amine of the formula, NR33, wherein R1 is as previously defined and R3 is R1 or C1-4 alkyl.
3. The process of claim 1 wherein in step (3) the deprotonating agent is an alkali metal bis(trialkylsilyl)amide.
4. The process of claim 1 wherein Y1 and Y2 are inden-1-yl, 2-methyl-4-phenylinden-1-yl, 2-methyl-4-(2-methylphenyl)inden-1-yl, 3-isopropylinden-1-yl, or 3-t-butylinden-1-yl groups.
5. The process of claim 1 wherein M is Zr.
6. A process for forming a compound corresponding to formula 2:

18
wherein
X is halide, and
Y1 and Y2 are independently anionic, cyclic or non-cyclic, -bonded groups,
said process comprising contacting a boron trihalide with a magnesium dianionic salt corresponding to the formula Mg(Y1H)(Y2H), wherein Y1 and Y2 are as previously defined under reaction conditions to thereby prepare the metal complex of formula 2.
7. The process of claim 6 wherein X is Br.
8. A metal complex corresponding to the formula:

19
wherein:
M is a Group 4 metal, in the 2, 3 or 4 formal oxidation state;
Y1 and Y2 are independently anionic, cyclic or non-cyclic, -bonded groups,
Q is a neutral, anionic or dianionic ligand group depending on the oxidation state of M, said Q having up to 50 atoms not counting hydrogen;
j is an integer from 1 to 4, selected with respect to the oxidation state of M and the electronic nature of Q to provide overall charge balance to the compound; and
R1 is independently each occurrence is a substituted hydrocarbyl group, a substituted tri(hydrocarbyl)silyl group, or a substituted tri(hydrocarbyl)silylhydrocarbyl group, said group being substituted with one or more di(hydrocarbyl)amino- or hydrocarbyloxy- groups and containing up to 50 atoms not counting hydrogen, and optionally both R1 groups may be joined together, optionally by means of one or more divalent bridging group moieties derived from the foregoing di(hydrocarbyl)amino- or hydrocarbyloxy- substituent groups, thereby forming a dianionic ligand group.
9. A metal complex according to claim 8 corresponding to formula 1a:

20
wherein
M, Q, and j are as defined in claim 8;
R1 each occurrence is 4-dimethylaminophenyl or two R1 groups together with N are an isoindolenino, N-methylpiperazino, or morpholino group;
R2 is hydrogen, or a hydrocarbyl, halohydrocarbyl, dihydrocarbylamino-hydrocarbyl, tri(hydrocarbylsilyl)hydrocarbyl, Si(R4)3, N(R4)2, or OR4 group of up to 20 carbon or silicon atoms, and optionally two adjacent R2 groups can be joined together, thereby forming a fused ring structure, and
R4 is independently hydrogen, a hydrocarbyl group, a trihydrocarbylsilyl group or a tri(hydrocarbyl)silylhydrocarbyl group, said R4 having up to 20 atoms not counting hydrogen.
10. The complex of claim 9 wherein Q is: 1,4-diphenyl-1,3-butadiene, 1,3-pentadiene, 3-methyl-1,3-pentadiene, 2,4-hexadiene, 1-phenyl-1,3-pentadiene, 1,4-dibenzyl-1,3-butadiene, 1,4-ditolyl-1,3-butadiene, 1,4-bis(trimethylsilyl)-1,3-butadiene, or 1,4-dinaphthyl-1,3-butadiene.
11. The complex of claim 9 wherein Y1 and Y2 are both inden-1-yl, 2-methyl-4-phenylinden-1-yl, 2-methyl-4-(2-methylphenyl)inden-1-yl, 3-isopropylinden-1-yl, or 3-t-butylinden-1-yl groups.