All The Claims

1. A pneumatic tire that includes a belt layer having a circumferential reinforcing layer and a pair of cross belts, comprising:
at least three or more circumferential main grooves having groove bottoms that are convex in the depth direction in a tread portion, wherein
in a cross-sectional view in the tire meridian direction, of the circumferential main grooves, a circumferential main groove having the circumferential reinforcing layer below the groove is a first circumferential main groove, and another circumferential main groove is a second circumferential main groove not having the circumferential reinforcing layer below the groove, and
the curvature radius RA of the groove bottom of an arbitrary first circumferential main groove and the curvature radius RB of the groove bottom of an arbitrary second circumferential main groove have the relationship RA<RB.
2. The pneumatic tire according to claim 1, wherein the curvature radius RA of the groove bottom of an arbitrary first circumferential main groove and the curvature radius RB of the groove bottom of an arbitrary second circumferential main groove have the relationship 1.10\u2266RBRA\u22661.60.
3. The pneumatic tire according to claim 1, wherein there is a plurality of second circumferential main grooves in a region bounded by the tire equatorial plane, and the curvature radius RB_out of the groove bottom of the second circumferential main groove that is in the outermost side in the tire width direction and the curvature radius RB of the groove bottom of the other second circumferential main grooves have the relationship RB<RB_out.
4. The pneumatic tire according to claim 1, wherein the belt layer has a plurality of circumferential reinforcing layers laminated on each other, and there is a plurality of first circumferential main grooves in a region bounded by the tire equatorial plane, and at least one of the first circumferential main grooves has the plurality of circumferential reinforcing layers below the groove, and
the curvature radius RA_min of the groove bottom of the first circumferential main groove having the smallest number of circumferential reinforcing layers from among all the first circumferential main grooves and the curvature radius RA of the groove bottom of the other first circumferential main grooves have the relationship RA<RA_min.
5. The pneumatic tire according to claim 1, wherein the circumferential reinforcing layer is disposed on the inner side in the tire width direction from the left and right edge portions of the cross belt with the narrower width from among the pair of cross belts, and the width W of the narrower cross belt and the distance S from the edge portion of the circumferential reinforcing layer to the edge portion of the narrower cross belt are within the range 0.03\u2266SW.
6. The pneumatic tire according to claim 1, wherein wire from which the circumferential reinforcing layer is made is steel wire, and the circumferential reinforcing layer has not fewer than 17 ends50 mm and not more than 30 ends50 mm ends.
7. The pneumatic tire according to claim 1, wherein the diameter of the wire not less than 1.2 mm and not more than 2.2 mm.
8. The pneumatic tire according claim 1, wherein the circumferential reinforcing layer is formed by winding a single steel wire in a spiral manner.
9. The pneumatic tire according to claim 1, wherein the circumferential reinforcing layer is formed by winding a plurality of wires spirally adjacent to one another.
10. The pneumatic tire according to claim 9, wherein the plurality of wires includes five or fewer wires.
11. The pneumatic tire according to claim 10, wherein a width of winding per layer of the wires when the wires are would in multiple layers is 12 mm or less.
12. The pneumatic tire according to claim 9, wherein the plurality of wires are would while inclined with respect to the tire circumferential direction in the range of \xb15 degrees.
13. The pneumatic tire according to claim 9, wherein a wire diameter is in the range of not less than 1.2 mm and not more than 2.2 mm.
14. The pneumatic tire according to claim 13, wherein the wire diameter is measured as a diameter of a circle circumscribing the plurality of wires.
15. The pneumatic tire according to claim 1, wherein elongation of belt cords of the circumferential reinforcing layer when subjected to a tensile load of 150 N to 200 N is not less than 2.0% and not more than 3.5%.
16. The pneumatic tire according to claim 1, wherein:
the curvature radius RA of the groove bottom of an arbitrary first circumferential main groove and the curvature radius RB of the groove bottom of an arbitrary second circumferential main groove have the relationship 1.10\u2266RBRA\u22661.60; and
there is a plurality of second circumferential main grooves in a region bounded by the tire equatorial plane, and the curvature radius RB_out of the groove bottom of the second circumferential main groove that is in the outermost side in the tire width direction and the curvature radius RB of the groove bottom of the other second circumferential main grooves have the relationship RB<RB_out.
17. The pneumatic tire according to claim 1, wherein:
the belt layer has a plurality of circumferential reinforcing layers laminated on each other, and there is a plurality of first circumferential main grooves in a region bounded by the tire equatorial plane, and at least one of the first circumferential main grooves has the plurality of circumferential reinforcing layers below the groove, and the curvature radius RA_min of the groove bottom of the first circumferential main groove having the smallest number of circumferential reinforcing layers from among all the first circumferential main grooves and the curvature radius RA of the groove bottom of the other first circumferential main grooves have the relationship RA<RA_min; and
the circumferential reinforcing layer is disposed on the inner side in the tire width direction from the left and right edge portions of the cross belt with the narrower width from among the pair of cross belts, and the width W of the narrower cross belt and the distance S from the edge portion of the circumferential reinforcing layer to the edge portion of the narrower cross belt are within the range 0.03\u2266SW.
18. The pneumatic tire according to claim 1, wherein:
wire from which the circumferential reinforcing layer is made is steel wire, and the circumferential reinforcing layer has not fewer than 17 ends50 mm and not more than 30 ends50 mm ends; and
the diameter of the wire not less than 1.2 mm and not more than 2.2 mm.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.

1. A sprue for a lost foam casting process, comprising:
a longitudinally extending first member made of evaporative material, said first member having an upper receiving end for receiving molten metal, and a lower outlet end;
a longitudinally extending second member made of evaporative material, said second member having a lower inlet end;
a connection member made of evaporative material and laterally connected between said outlet end of said first member and said inlet end of said second member,
said second member being attachable through at least one laterally extending in-gate to a pattern of an object to be cast from said molten metal, said pattern being made of evaporative material,
whereby said molten metal is directed to flow from said upper receiving end of said first member of said sprue longitudinally downwardly through said first member of said sprue to said lower outlet end of said first member of said sprue then laterally through said connection member of said sprue to said lower inlet end of said second member of said sprue then longitudinally upwardly through said second member of said sprue to said in-gate then laterally through said in-gate to said pattern of said object to be cast.
2. The sprue accordingly to claim 1 wherein said evaporative material yields buoyant effluents upon vaporization thereof by said molten metal, said effluents rising upwardly against the downward flow of said molten metal through said first member of said sprue, said effluents rising upwardly with the upward flow of said molten metal through said second member of said sprue, and wherein said second member of said sprue extends longitudinally upwardly beyond said in-gate to an upper section permitting congregation of said effluents therein, such that said effluents may bypass said in-gate and instead flow to said upper section of said second member of said sprue, whereby to reduce effluent flow through said in-gate, to minimize defective cast objects otherwise caused by effluents mixed with said molten metal in said cast object.
3. The sprue according to claim 1 wherein said molten metal flows through said in-gate and into said pattern of said object to be cast only after said molten metal has flowed downwardly then upwardly through said sprue, namely downwardly through said first member of said sprue then upwardly through said second member of said sprue, prior to flowing laterally into said pattern through said in-gate.
4. The sprue according to claim 1 comprising a plurality of said in-gates longitudinally spaced along said second member of said sprue, wherein said molten metal sequentially reaches said in-gates in an upward flow of said molten metal from one in-gate to another in-gate thereabove.
5. The sprue according to claim 1 comprising:
a longitudinally extending third member made of evaporative material, said third member having a lower inlet end;
a second connection member made of evaporative material and laterally connected between said outlet end of said first member and said inlet end of said third member,
said third member being attachable through at least one laterally extending second in-gate to a second pattern of a second object to be cast from said molten metal, said second pattern being made of evaporative material,
whereby said molten metal is directed to flow from said upper receiving end of said first member of said sprue longitudinally downwardly through said first member of said sprue to said lower outlet end of said first member of said sprue then laterally through said first mentioned connection member of said sprue to said lower inlet end of said second member of said sprue then longitudinally upwardly through said second member of said sprue to said first mentioned in-gate then laterally through said first in-gate to said first mentioned pattern of said first mentioned object to be cast, and whereby said molten metal is also directed to flow from said upper receiving end of said first member of said sprue longitudinally downwardly through said first member of said sprue to said lower outlet end of said first member of said sprue then laterally through said second connection member of said sprue to said lower inlet end of said third member of said sprue then longitudinally upwardly through said third member of said sprue to said second in-gate then laterally through said second in-gate to said second pattern of said second object to be cast.

1. A tool for use on generally tubular workpieces, said tool comprising:
a clamp assembly having an opening;
a first jaw coupled to the clamp assembly with a first linkage, at least a portion of the first jaw being moveable within the opening;
a second jaw coupled to the clamp assembly with a second linkage, at least a portion of the second jaw being moveable within the opening; wherein
each of the jaws comprises a generally semi-cylindrical smooth, curvilinear workpiece contacting surface shaped to complement a selected of the generally tubular workpieces and bounded by edges;
wherein at least one of said jaws is configured to be movable parallel to the other jaw via at least one of said linkages when moving towards and away from the other jaw; and
wherein at least one of the surfaces carries one of a gel or a patch to be applied to the selected workpiece.
2. The tool according to claim 1, wherein the tool is adapted to apply a selected treatment to the one of the gel or patch and to the workpiece, wherein the selected treatment is at least one of a group of treatments consisting of pressure treatments, chemical treatments, thermo-chemical treatments and electro-chemical treatments.
3. The tool according to claim 1, wherein the at least one of the surfaces carrying the one of a gel or patch to be applied to the selected workpiece further comprises a relieved area for accommodating, at least in part, the one of a gel or patch.
4. The tool according to claim 3, wherein the tool is adapted to apply a selected treatment to the one of the gel or patch and to the workpiece, wherein the selected treatment is at least one of a group of treatments consisting of pressure treatments, chemical treatments, thermo-chemical treatments and electro-chemical treatments.

The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.

1. An automatically openable garbage container through infrared induction, comprising:
a garbage container, having at least one opening for littering at one side, and a cover mounted on said opening for littering in moveable manner from a opening position to a closing position;
an infrared induction device, mounted in the garbage container above said opening for littering, comprises an infrared transmitting tube and a infrared receiving tube, wherein said infrared transmitting tube transmits infrared pulse signals in front of the opening for littering forming a induction area, and said infrared receiving tube receives the infrared pulse signals reflected by a barrier in said induction area and converts said infrared pulse signals to corresponding electric signals;
an automatic cover-opening device mechanically connected with said cover via a cable; and
a control unit communicatively connected with said infrared induction device and said automatic cover-opening device,
wherein said automatic cover-opening device comprises:
a driving motor connected with said control unit;
a first set of reduction gears connected to the output shaft of said driving motor to be driven;
a cable-collecting wheel connected with said first set of reduction gears wherein one end of said cable is connected to said cable-collecting wheel, and the other end is connected to said cover;
a second set of reduction gears connecting to the output shaft of said cable-collecting wheel to drive said cable-collecting wheel; and
a cam connecting to the output shaft of said second set of reduction gears to be driven, that can rotate to touch a cover-opening stroke switch and a cover-closing stroke switch respectively, wherein said cover-opening stroke switch and cover-closing stroke switch is electrically connected with said control unit via a wire.
2. The automatically openable garbage container through infrared induction, as recited in claim 1, wherein said automatic cover-opening device is mounted in a casing mounted on the upper inner side of said garbage container.
3. The automatically openable garbage container through infrared induction, as recited in claim 2, wherein, when said cover is in opening position, said cam rotates happening to touch said cover-opening stroke switch, meanwhile said cover-opening stroke switch sends a signal to said control unit to control said driving motor to stop rotating, and the friction of said first set of reduction gears, said second set of reduction gears and said driving motor is larger than the weight of said cover.
4. The automatically openable garbage container through infrared induction, as recited in claim 3, wherein, when said cover is in opening position, said infrared transmitting tube keeps sending infrared pulses signals to said induction area, and said cover does not close until said infrared receiving tube can not receive the infrared pulses signals reflected by said barrier.
5. The automatically openable garbage container through infrared induction, as recited in claim 4, wherein, when said cover is in closing position, said cam rotates happening to touch said cover-closing stroke switch, meanwhile said cover-closing stroke switch sends a signal to said control unit to control said driving motor to stop rotating.
6. The automatically openable garbage container through infrared induction, as recited in claim 5, wherein said garbage container further comprises an electric motor positive and negative turn driving circuit to connect said control unit with said driving motor.
7. The automatically openable garbage container through infrared induction, as recited in claim 6, wherein garbage container further comprises a infrared driving circuit, an amplifying circuit, and a comparative circuit, wherein said control unit is connected with said infrared transmitting tube through said infrared driving circuit, and said infrared receiving tube is connected with said control unit through said amplifying circuit and said comparative circuit.
8. The automatically openable garbage container through infrared induction, as recited in claim 7, wherein the output of said first set of reduction gears in mechanically connected with the input of said second set of reduction gears.
9. The automatically openable garbage container through infrared induction, as recited in claim 1, wherein said cover is pivotally mounted on a shaft base via a shaft.
10. The automatically openable garbage container through infrared induction, as recited in claim 1, wherein said cam comprises two pin rods or swing rods having a predetermined separated angle respectively, wherein said two pin rods or swing rods touch said cover-opening stroke switch and cover-closing stroke switch respectively.