All The Claims

1. A device for facilitating the acquisition of media assets, the device comprising:
a housing;
a USB connector projecting outwardly from an end of the housing;
a card reader housed in the housing;
non-volatile memory housed in the housing and coupled to the USB connector and the card reader so that data received via said USB connector can be stored in said non-volatile memory and data stored in said non-volatile memory can be transferred to a card inserted into said card reader; and
a barcode disposed on a major surface of the housing, said barcode encoding an identifier that is associated with customer information.
2. A method of using a device to acquire media assets, wherein the device comprises a housing, a USB connector projecting outwardly from an end of the housing, a card reader housed in the housing, non-volatile memory housed in the housing and coupled to the USB connector and the card reader so that data received via said USB connector can be stored in said non-volatile memory and data stored in said non-volatile memory can be transferred to a card inserted into said card reader, and a barcode disposed on a major surface of the housing, said barcode encoding an identifier that is associated with the user of the device, the method comprising:
positioning the device relative to the kiosk so that a barcode scanner connected to the kiosk can scan the barcode;
using a kiosk to select at least one media asset;
inserting the device’s USB connector into a compatible USB slot provided by the kiosk;
using the kiosk to authorize or provide payment for the at least one media asset;
after authorizing or providing the payment, receiving from the kiosk the at least one media asset and storing the at least one media asset on a card inserted into the card reader;
removing the card from the card reader; and
inserting the card into a media player device.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein the step of positioning the device is performed before the step of selecting the at least one media asset.
4. A method of using a device to acquire media assets, wherein the device comprises a housing, a USB connector projecting outwardly from an end of the housing, a card reader housed in the housing, non-volatile memory housed in the housing and coupled to the USB connector and the card reader, and a barcode disposed on a major surface of the housing, said barcode encoding an identifier that is associated with the user of the device, the method comprising:
using a kiosk to select media assets;
activating a user interface element displayed on a display device of the kiosk to indicate that a media asset selection process is complete;
receiving a prompt from the kiosk to position the device so that the barcode can be read;
positioning the device relative to the kiosk so that a barcode scanner connected to the kiosk can scan the barcode;
after the scanner scans the barcode, taking the device to point-of-sale system, which uses the barcode to determine the selected media assets;
inserting the device’s USB connector into a compatible USB slot provided by the point-of-sale system;
authorizing or providing payment for the selected media assets;
after authorizing or providing the payment, receiving from the point-of-sale system the selected media assets and storing the media assets in the memory or on a card inserted into the card reader.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.

1. A liquid crystal display comprising:
a first gate line transmitting a first gate signal;
a first data line transmitting a first data voltage; and
a first pixel connected to the first gate line and the first data line and including a first subpixel and a second subpixel, wherein
the first subpixel comprises a first switching element connected to the first gate line, a first liquid crystal capacitor connected to the first switching element, and a first storage capacitor having a first terminal and a second terminal,
the second subpixel comprises a second switching element connected to the first gate line and the first data line, a second liquid crystal capacitor connected to the second switching element, and a second storage capacitor having a first terminal and a second terminal and having a capacitance different from a capacitance of the first storage capacitor,
the first terminal of the first storage capacitor is connected to the first switching element,
the first terminal of the second storage capacitor is connected to the second switching element, and
the second terminal of the first storage capacitor and the second terminal of the second storage capacitor are coupled to each other and have a varying voltage.
2. The liquid crystal display of claim 1, wherein the voltage of the second terminals of the first and second storage capacitors
is fixed while the first and second switching elements turn on to charge the first and second liquid crystal capacitors and the first and second storage capacitors, and
varies after the charging of the first and second storage capacitors is finished.
3. The liquid crystal display of claim 2, wherein the voltage of the second terminals of the first and second storage capacitors
rises when the voltage stored in the first and second liquid crystal capacitors and the first and second storage capacitors has a positive polarity, and
drops when the voltage stored in the first and second liquid crystal capacitors and the first and second storage capacitors has a negative polarity.
4. The liquid crystal display of claim 3, wherein the second terminal of the first and second storage capacitors is supplied with an external voltage.
5. The liquid crystal display of claim 4, further comprising a first storage electrode line that has a periodically varying voltage and is connected to the second terminals of the first and second storage capacitors.
6. The liquid crystal display of claim 5, further comprising:
a second storage electrode line that has a voltage having a polarity opposite a polarity of the voltage of the first storage electrode line;
a second data line transmitting a second data voltage; and
a second pixel connected to the first gate line and the second data line and comprising a third subpixel and a fourth subpixel,
wherein the third subpixel comprises a third switching element connected to the first gate line and the second data line, a third liquid crystal capacitor connected to the third switching element, and a third storage capacitor connected between the third switching element and the second storage electrode line, and
the fourth subpixel comprises a fourth switching element connected to the first gate line and the second data line, a fourth liquid crystal capacitor connected to the fourth switching element, and a fourth storage capacitor connected between the fourth switching element and the second storage electrode line and having a capacitance different from a capacitance of the third storage capacitor.
7. The liquid crystal display of claim 3, wherein the second terminals of the first and second storage capacitors alternate between a voltage-biased state and a floating state.
8. The liquid crystal display of claim 7, further comprising:
a first storage electrode line having a first voltage;
a second storage electrode line having a second voltage that is different from the first voltage; and
a second gate line transmitting the second gate signal,
wherein the first pixel further comprises
a third switching element connected to the first gate line, the first storage electrode line, and the second terminals of the first and second storage capacitors, and
a fourth switching element connected to the second gate line, the second storage electrode line, and the second terminals of the first and second storage capacitors.
9. The liquid crystal display of claim 8, wherein the third switching element transfers the first voltage while the first and second liquid crystal capacitors and the first and second storage capacitors are charged, and
the fourth switching element is turned on to transfer the second voltage after the third switching element is turned off.
10. The liquid crystal display of claim 9, further comprising:
a third gate line transmitting a third gate signal; and
a second pixel connected to the second and third gate lines and the first data line and comprising a third subpixel, a fourth subpixel, a fifth switching element, and a sixth switching element,
wherein the fifth switching element is connected to the second gate line and the second storage electrode line,
the sixth switching element is connected to the third gate line and the first storage electrode line,
the third subpixel comprises a seventh switching element connected to the second gate line and the first data line, a third liquid crystal capacitor connected to the seventh switching element, and a third storage capacitor connected between the fifth switching element and the seventh switching element, and
the fourth subpixel comprises an eighth switching element connected to the second gate line and the first data line, a fourth liquid crystal capacitor connected to the eighth switching element, and a fourth storage capacitor connected between the sixth switching element and the eighth switching element and having a capacitance different from a capacitance of the third storage capacitor.
11. The liquid crystal device of claim 10, wherein the fifth switching element transfers the second voltage while the third and fourth liquid crystal capacitors and the third and fourth storage capacitors are charged, and
the sixth switching element turns on to transfer the first voltage after the fifth switching element is turned off.
12. The liquid crystal device of claim 11, wherein voltages of the first, second, and third gate lines vary sequentially.
13. A driving method of a liquid crystal device, comprising:
charging first and second liquid crystal capacitors and first and second storage capacitors with substantially the same voltage;
floating first terminals of the first liquid crystal capacitor and the first storage capacitor that are connected to each other, and first terminals of the second liquid crystal capacitor and the second storage capacitor that are connected to each other; and
changing voltages of the second terminals of the first and second storage capacitors by substantially the same level to cause voltages of the first terminal of the first liquid crystal capacitor and the first terminal of the second liquid crystal capacitor to be differentiated.
14. The driving method of claim 13, wherein a capacitance of the first storage capacitor is different from a capacitance of the second storage capacitor.
15. The driving method of claim 14, wherein during the charging, the voltages of the second terminals of the first and second storage capacitors are maintained at fixed values.
16. The driving method of claim 15, wherein the changing voltages comprises:
raising the voltages of the second terminals of the first and second storage capacitors when the first and second liquid crystal capacitors and the first and second storage capacitors are charged with a positive voltage, and
lowering the voltages of the second terminals of the first and second storage capacitors when the first and second liquid crystal capacitors and the first and second storage capacitors are charged with a negative voltage.
17. The driving method of claim 16, further comprising:
applying an external voltage to the second terminals of the first and second storage capacitors constantly.
18. The driving method of claim 16, further comprising:
floating the second terminals of the first and second storage capacitors after changing the voltages.

What is claimed is:

1. A method of preparing a cold confectionery, said method comprising:
foaming a mixture to have an overrun in the range of 150% to 500%; and
cooling said mixture to a temperature of not higher than 10 C.
2. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein said mixture is foamed by using, as foaming agents, saccharose fatty acid ester in the range of 0.005 percents by weight to 0.2 percents by weight in combination with polyglycerin fatty acid ester in the range of 0.005 percents by weight to 0.2 percents by weight.
3. The method as claimed in claim 2, wherein said saccharose fatty acid ester has not less than 70 percents by weight of mono-ester content, and not less than 90 percents by weight of bonded fatty acids thereof comprise at least one fatty acid selected from the group consisting of caprylate, caprate, laurate, and myristate, and
wherein said polyglycerin fatty acid ester has not less than 70 percents by weight of mono-ester content, and not less than 90 percents by weight of bonded fatty acids thereof comprise at least one fatty acid selected from the group consisting of laurate and myristate, and polyglycerin of said polyglycerin fatty acid ester comprises one of hexaglycerin and decaglycerin.
4. The method as claimed in claim 2 or 3, wherein a substance obtained by hydrolyzing a protein is used as an additional foaming agent in combination with said foaming agent.
5. The method as claimed in any one of claims 2-4, wherein at least one of saponin and sodium alginate is used as a foamable agent in combination with said foaming agent.
6. The method as claimed in any one of claims 2-5, wherein at least one of stabilizers with low molecule weights is used for supporting foamability.
7. The method as claimed in any one of claims 2-6, wherein foaming said mixture is completed in a temperature range over a freezing point, and subsequently said mixture is frozen.
8. A cold confectionery including a cold mixture foamed with an overrun in the range of 150% to 500%.
9. The cold confectionery as claimed in claim 8, wherein said cold mixture includes, as foaming agents, saccharose fatty acid ester in the range of 0.005 percents by weight to 0.2 percents by weight in combination with polyglycerin fatty acid ester in the range of 0.005 percents by weight to 0.2 percents by weight.
10. The cold confectionery as claimed in claim 9, wherein said saccharose fatty acid ester has not less than 70 percents by weight of mono-ester content, and not less than 90 percents by weight of bonded fatty acids thereof comprise at least one fatty acid selected from the group consisting of caprylate, caprate, laurate, and myristate, and
wherein said polyglycerin fatty acid ester has not less than 70 percents by weight of mono-ester content, and not less than 90 percents by weight of bonded fatty acids thereof comprise at least one fatty acid selected from the group consisting of laurate and myristate, and polyglycerin of said polyglycerin fatty acid ester comprises one of hexaglycerin and decaglycerin.
11. The cold confectionery as claimed in claim 9 or 10, wherein said cold mixture further includes a substance obtained by hydrolyzing a protein as an additional foaming agent in combination with said foaming agent.
12. The cold confectionery as claimed in any one of claims 9-11, wherein said cold mixture further includes at least one of saponin and sodium alginate as a foamable agent in combination with said foaming agent.
13. The cold confectionery as claimed in any one of claims 9-12, wherein said cold mixture further includes at least one of stabilizers with low molecule weights for supporting foamability.
14. The cold confectionery as claimed in any one of claims 8-13, said cold mixture has a temperature of not higher than 10 C.

The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.

1. A lithographic apparatus comprising:
an illumination system configured to condition a beam of radiation;
a pattern support configured to hold a patterning device, the patterning device configured to pattern the beam of radiation to form a patterned beam of radiation;
a substrate holder configured to hold a substrate, the substrate holder including a support surface in contact with the substrate;
a projection system configured to project the patterned beam of radiation onto the substrate; and
a cleaning system including a cleaning unit, the cleaning unit constructed and arranged to generate radicals, ions or both on the support surface of the substrate holder to remove contamination therefrom, wherein the cleaning system is located in an area of the apparatus in which an atmosphere of hydrogen is maintained, and wherein the cleaning unit includes
a housing including a plurality of openings and an outlet in communication with a vacuum unit, the plurality of openings enabling gas communication between the atmosphere of hydrogen and an interior of the housing, and
a plasma generator arranged in the interior of the housing and configured to create a plasma of hydrogen to generate hydrogen radicals, the atmosphere of hydrogen configured to act as a supply of hydrogen for the plasma generator.
2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the beam of radiation has a wavelength in the extreme ultraviolet range.
3. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the plasma generator includes a RF electrode, a DC discharge electrode or a RF coil.
4. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the housing, in use, is positioned proximate the substrate holder to generate the radicals on at least a portion of the support surface.
5. The apparatus of claim 4, wherein the housing is constructed and arranged to substantially cover an entire area defined by the support surface.
6. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein, in use, the substrate holder and the cleaning unit are movable relative to each other.
7. The apparatus of claim 6, wherein the cleaning unit is movable along a direction substantially perpendicular to the support surface.
8. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the cleaning system further comprises a contamination detection system configured to detect contamination on the support surface and a controller in communication with the contamination detection system and the cleaning unit, the controller configured to control a position of the cleaning unit, the substrate holder, or both, based on a result of detection of the contamination detection system.
9. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the housing is made of a mesh material.
10. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the cleaning unit includes a high temperature element located within a flow of hydrogen, the temperature of the high temperature element being sufficient to cause thermal dissociation to create the radicals.
11. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the radicals include oxygen radicals.
12. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the housing is formed with an enclosure made of metal.
13. A device manufacturing method comprising:
conditioning a beam of radiation;
patterning the beam of radiation to form a patterned beam of radiation;
projecting the patterned beam of radiation onto a substrate, the substrate supported by a support surface of a substrate holder; and
generating radicals, ions or both on the support surface of the substrate holder to remove contamination therefrom, said generating includes
supplying hydrogen to an interior of a housing by maintaining an atmosphere of hydrogen in an area where the substrate holder is located, and
producing a plasma of hydrogen within the housing to generate hydrogen radicals.
14. The method of claim 13, wherein the beam of radiation has a wavelength in the extreme ultraviolet range.
15. The method of claim 13, wherein the housing is made of a mesh material.
16. The method of claim 13, wherein the plasma is produced with a RF electrode, a DC discharge electrode or a RF coil.
17. The method Of claim 13, further comprising moving the housing, the substrate holder, or both, to position the housing proximate the substrate holder so as to generate the radicals on at least a portion of the support surface.
18. The method of claim 17, wherein the housing is constructed and arranged to substantially cover an entire area defined by the support surface.
19. The method of claim 13, further comprising detecting contamination of the support surface and, based on the detecting, controlling a position of the cleaning unit, the substrate holder, or both , to position the housing proximate the substrate holder so as to generate the radicals on at least a portion of the support surface.
20. The method of claim 13, wherein the radicals include oxygen radicals.
21. The method of claim 13, wherein the housing is formed with an enclosure made of metal.