All The Claims

I claim:

1. An optical method for determining the velocity of a paintball comprising:
a light source with light path directed at a moving paintball,
a photodetector means for collecting light reflected from said moving paintball,
said photodetector means having a cylindrical opening as a spatial filter in said light path,
said reflected light from said moving paintball collected by said photodetector, and
said reflected light collection duration is proportional to said paintball velocity.
2. Said photodetector of claim 1 being sensitive to infrared light.
3. Said light source of claim 1 emitting infrared light.
4. The light path of claim 1 following a light pipe embedded in a bolt and reflecting off a paintball.
5. The frequency of occurrence of the signal from claimed 1 used to count paint balls.
6. The photodetector signal of claim 1 used to close loop feedback control the duration of the gas released to propel said paintball.
7. Said photodetector signal of claim 1 used to close loop feedback control the bolt movement timing and paintball feed.
8. An apparatus for determining the velocity of a paintball comprising:
a light source with light path directed at a moving paintball,
a photodetector means for collecting light reflected from said moving paintball,
said photodetector means having a cylindrical opening as a spatial filter in said light path,
said reflected light from said moving paintball collected by said photodetector, and
a means for determining reflected light collection duration and computing said paintball velocity.
9. Said photodetector of claim 2 being sensitive to infrared light.
10. Said light source of claim 2 emitting infrared light.
11. The light path of claim 2 following a light pipe embedded in a bolt and reflecting off a paintball.
12. The frequency of occurrence of the signal from claimed 2 used to count paint balls.
13. The photodetector signal of claim 2 used to close loop feedback control the duration of the gas released to propel said paintball.
14. Said photodetector signal of claim 2 used to close loop feedback control the bolt movement timing and paintball feed.
15. Said photodetector signal of claim 2 used to close loop feedback control the bolt movement timing and paintball feed.
16. A method for displaying paintball velocity data comprising:
an xy plot of the paintball velocity for each paintball fired, and
a bull’s eye target with graphical indications showing where said paintball would impact based on paintball velocity and target distance.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.

1. A catalyst composition consisting of finely divided nanoscale particles of a supported oxide, wherein the oxide is selected from the group consisting of a zirconium oxide, a titanium oxide and a mixed zirconiumtitanium oxide, deposited onto a silica-based support, wherein, after calcination for 4 hours at 900\xb0 C., the supported oxide is in the form of nanoscale particles deposited onto said support, the size of the nanoscale particles is at most 5 nm when the supported oxide is a zirconium oxide, at most 10 nm when the supported oxide is a titanium oxide and at most 8 nm when the supported oxide is a mixed zirconiumtitanium oxide.
2. A catalyst composition consisting of finely divided nanoscale particles of a supported oxide, wherein the oxide is selected from the group consisting of a zirconium oxide, a titanium oxide or a mixed zirconiumtitanium oxide, deposited onto a silica-based support, wherein, after calcination for 4 hours at 1,000\xb0 C., the supported oxide is in the form of nanoscale particles deposited on said support, the size of the nanoscale particles is at most 7 nm when the supported oxide is a zirconium oxide, at most 19 nm when the supported oxide is a titanium oxide and at most 10 nm when the supported oxide is a mixed zirconiumtitanium oxide.
3. The catalyst composition as defined by claim 1, having a supported oxide content of at most 50% by weight.
4. The catalyst composition as defined by claim 1, wherein the supported oxide is in the form of nanoscale particles, the size of the nanoscale particles is at most 4 nm when the supported oxide is a zirconium oxide and at most 7 nm when the supported oxide is a titanium oxide or a mixed zirconiumtitanium oxide.
5. The catalyst composition as defined by claim 2, wherein the supported oxide is in the form of nanoscale particles, the size of the nanoscale particles is at most 6 nm when the supported oxide is a zirconium oxide, at most 15 nm when the supported oxide is a titanium oxide and at most 8 nm when the supported oxide is a mixed zirconiumtitanium oxide.
6. A method of preparing a catalyst composition as defined by claim 1, comprising the following steps:
(i) contacting a suspension of the support with a colloidal dispersion of a zirconium andor titanium compound;
(ii) spray-drying the mixture thus formed; and
(iii) calcining the dried product thus obtained.
7. The method of preparing a catalyst composition as defined by claim 1, comprising the following steps:
(i) providing a liquid mixture which comprises a zirconium or titanium salt, and a suspension of the support;
(ii) heating the mixture thus formed to a temperature of at least 100\xb0 C.;
(iii) recovering the precipitate thus obtained; and
(iv) calcining said precipitate.
8. The method of preparing a catalyst composition as defined by claim 1, comprising the following steps:
(i) providing a liquid mixture that contains a suspension of the support and at least one zirconium or titanium salt and, optionally, a salt of an element M;
(ii) contacting a base with the above mixture to form a precipitate;
(iii) recovering the precipitate thus obtained; and
(iv) calcining said precipitate.
9. The method as defined by claim 8, wherein the precipitate obtained after the step of contacting with the base is subjected to a maturation operation.
10. The catalyst composition as defined by claim 1, comprising at least one supported crystalline oxide.
11. The catalyst composition as defined by claim 1, said silica-based support comprising a stabilizing element therefor.
12. The catalyst composition as defined by claim 1, wherein the silica-based support has been calcined before having the oxide deposited thereon at a temperature between 600\xb0 C. and 900\xb0 C., and which has a loss on ignition (LOI) of between 2% and 15%.
13. The catalyst composition as defined by claim 1, wherein the silica-based support has been calcined before having the oxide deposited thereon at a temperature between 650\xb0 C. and 900\xb0 C., and which has a loss on ignition (LOI) of between 2% and 15%.
14. The catalyst composition as defined by claim 2, wherein the silica-based support has been calcined before having the oxide deposited thereon at a temperature between 600\xb0 C. and 900\xb0 C., and which has a loss on ignition (LOI) of between 2% and 15%.
15. The catalyst composition as defined by claim 2, wherein the silica-based support has been calcined before having the oxide deposited thereon at a temperature between 650\xb0 C. and 900\xb0 C., and which has a loss on ignition (LOI) of between 2% and 15%.

1) A cigarette packet substantially having the shape of a parallelepiped, elongate according to an axis, containing a group of cigarettes and comprising an outer case formed by two larger lateral walls, respectively a front wall and a rear wall, and by two smaller lateral walls or sides, by a lower wall or base and by an upper wall or lid; an inner case being inserted in the outer case and formed by two larger lateral walls, respectively a front wall and a rear wall, by two smaller lateral walls, by a lower wall or base and comprising at the top, at an upper face of the group, an opening, characterised in that the inner case is inserted in the outer case in such a way that it can slide axially and the outer case comprises a projection for controlling the upper wall or lid, the projection being interposed between the front wall of the outer case and the front wall of the inner case and being able to move between a first position in which the lid is closed and a second position in which the lid is open, there being means for reciprocal engagement of the projection and the inner case.
2) The cigarette packet according to claim 1, characterised in that the upper wall or lid is connected on one side to the rear wall by a hinge line and on the opposite side to the projection by a fold line.
3) The cigarette packet according to claim 1, characterised in that the projection comprises an opening substantially coinciding with the opening in the inner case in the open position.
4) The cigarette packet according to claim 1, characterised in that the means for reciprocal engagement comprise means for coupling the projection and the front wall of the inner case.
5) The cigarette packet according to claim 4, characterised in that the coupling means comprise a fold line of at least one flap of the front wall operating in conjunction with the edge of an indentation made in the projection.
6) The cigarette packet according to claim 1, characterised in that the opening laterally forms on the projection two strips for connection to the lid, forming, in the open position, elements designed to make contact with the upper face of the group.
7) The cigarette packet according to claim 1, characterised in that it comprises at least one zone for operating the projection; an opening in the outer case through which the operating zone can be accessed, for controlling lid opening and closing.
8) The cigarette packet according to claim 7, characterised in that the opening is made in the front wall of the outer case at the projection.
9) The cigarette packet according to claim 7, characterised in that the opening is made in at least one of the two sides of the outer case, at a flap which is laterally connected to the projection.
10) The cigarette packet according to claim 9, characterised in that the flap is interposed between a lateral wall of the outer case and a lateral wall of the inner case.
11) The cigarette packet according to claim 9, characterised in that the flap is interposed between two flaps which form a side of the outer case.
12) The cigarette packet according to claim 7, characterised in that the projection comprises at least one lateral flap, the opening in the outer case being made at the edge formed between a panel of the projection and the lateral flap.
13) The cigarette packet according to claim 7, characterised in that the zone for operating the projection is a zone with a high friction coefficient.
14) The cigarette packet according to claim 1, characterised in that the projection comprises a portion connected to the lid by a fold line and forming a front wall of the lid.
15) The cigarette packet according to claim 14, characterised in that when the lid is in the open position the front wall of the lid is positioned in contact with the upper face of the group.
16) The cigarette packet according to claim 14, characterised in that when the lid is in the open position the front wall of the lid is coplanar with the rear wall of the outer case.

The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.

1. A hydraulic composition comprising:
from 220 to 500 kg, per cubic metre of fresh hydraulic composition, of a hydraulic binder comprising Portland cement;
from 400 to 1800 kg, per cubic metre of fresh hydraulic composition, of a sand having a D10 greater than 0.1 mm and a D90 less than 4 mm;
from 0.1 to 5% by mass of dry extract relative to the mass of hydraulic binder, of a retarding agent comprising a carboxylic acid, a phosphonic acid or salts thereof;
from 0.05 to 5% by mass of dry extract relative to the mass of hydraulic binder, of a superplasticizer comprising a polyphosphate polyoxyalkylene polymer, a polyphosphonate polyoxyalkylene polymer, a polysulfonate polyoxyalkylene polymer or a polycarboxylate polyoxyalkylene polymer, and
from 0.01 to 2% by mass of dry extract relative to the mass of hydraulic binder, of a rheology-modifying agent comprising at least one compound selected from a group consisting of a viscosity-modifying agent, a water-retainer, a yield point modifier or a thixotropic agent,
wherein a setting time of the hydraulic composition is greater than or equal to 12 hours without triggering the setting of the hydraulic composition and a variation of the slump of the hydraulic composition, measured according to the EN 12350-2 Standard, is less than 50 mm or thea variation of the spread of the hydraulic composition, measured with a cone according to the EN 12350-2 Standard, is less than 100 mm for at least 12 hours without triggering the setting of the hydraulic composition.
2. The hydraulic composition according to claim 1, wherein the retarding agent comprises a hydroxycarboxylic acid or a salt of hydroxycarboxylic acid.
3. The hydraulic composition according to claim 2, wherein the retarding agent comprises a gluconate.
4. The hydraulic composition according to claim 1, wherein the quantity of retarding agent is comprised from 0.1 to 1% by mass of dry extract relative to the mass of the hydraulic binder.
5. The hydraulic composition according to claim 1, wherein the quantity of the superplasticizer is comprised from 0.05 to 1% by mass of dry extract relative to the mass of the hydraulic binder.
6. The hydraulic composition according to claim 5, wherein the quantity of the superplasticizer is comprised from 0.05 to 0.5% by mass of dry extract relative to the mass of the hydraulic binder.
7. The hydraulic composition according to claim 1, wherein the quantity of the rheology-modifying agent is comprised from 0.025 to 0.4% by mass of dry extract relative to the mass of the hydraulic binder.
8. The hydraulic composition according to claim 1, wherein the superplasticizer comprises a polycarboxylate polyoxyalkylene polymer.
9. The hydraulic composition according to claim 1, wherein the rheology-modifying agent comprises cellulose or a derivative of cellulose.
10. The hydraulic composition according to claim 1, wherein a compressive strength of the hydraulic composition is at least equal to 1 MPa 24 hours after the beginning of the setting of the hydraulic composition.
11. The hydraulic composition according to claim 1, wherein a time duration between the end of the workability window of the hydraulic composition and the beginning of the setting of the hydraulic composition is less than 36 hours.
12. The hydraulic composition according to claim 11, wherein a time duration between the end of the workability window of the hydraulic composition and the beginning of the setting of the hydraulic composition is less than 24 hours.