All The Claims

What is claimed is:

1. A method of displaying an image on a display device, wherein the display device includes a substrate including conductive sections, a layer of bichromal media having a plurality of regions, and a transparent conductive layer, wherein the bichromal media is positioned between the substrate and the conductive layer, the method comprising the following steps, in sequence:
applying an electric field having a first polarity to a first region;
applying an electric field having a second polarity to a second region, wherein the second polarity is opposite the first polarity; and
reversing the polarities of each of the electric fields, wherein the bichromal media associated with the first region displays a first color and the bichromal media associated with the second region displays a second color after the polarities are reversed.
2. The method of claim 1 wherein the vector sum of the electric fields applied equals zero.
3. A method of displaying an image on a display device, wherein the display device includes a conductive substrate, a layer of bichromal media having a plurality of regions, and a transparent conductive layer, wherein the bichromal media is positioned between the substrate and the conductive layer, the method comprising the following steps in sequence:
applying an electric field having a first polarity to two or more of the regions;
applying an electric field having a second polarity to the two or more regions, wherein the second polarity is opposite the first polarity;
re-applying an electric field having the first polarity to the two or more regions; and
applying an electric field having the second polarity to one of the two regions while maintaining the electric field having the first polarity on the other of the two regions.
4. The method of claim 4 wherein, after the final step, one of the two regions displays a first color or shade while the other region displays a second color or shade.
5. The method of claim 4 wherein the vector sum of the applied electric fields does not equal zero.
6. A method of displaying an image on a display device, wherein the display device includes a substrate including conductive pixels, a layer of bichromal media having a plurality of regions, each region associated with at least one pixel, and a transparent conductive layer wherein the bichromal media is positioned between the substrate and the conductive layer, the method comprising:
applying an electric field having a polarity to all of the pixels;
reversing the polarity of the electric field and applying the reversed polarity electric field to all of the pixels;
applying an electric field to a first group of pixels so that all regions of bichromal media associated with the first group are caused to display a first color; and
applying an electric field to a second group of pixels so that all regions of bichromal media associated with the second group are caused to display a second color.
7. The method of claim 6 wherein the vector sum of the electric fields applied equals zero.

The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.

1. A computer system comprising:
a computer;
a first storage system configured to be communicable with the computer; and
a second storage system configured to be communicable with the first storage system,
wherein the second storage system
identifies the first storage system that is capable of communicating with the second storage system,
detects a first fault occurring in the second storage system; and
transmits first fault information to the identified first storage system, the first fault information being related to the detected first fault,
wherein the first storage system
notifies the computer of the transmitted first fault information, wherein the notification is not performed in response to either an instruction or a query from the computer,
wherein the computer
receives the first fault information from the first storage system, and
stores the first fault information,
the computer system further comprising:
a third storage system configured to be communicable with the second storage system,
wherein the third storage system
identifies the second storage system that is capable of communicating with the third storage system,
detects a second fault occurring in the third storage system, and
transmits second fault information to the identified second storage system, the second fault information being related to the detected second fault,
wherein the second storage system further
receives the second fault information from the third storage system, and
transmits the received second fault information to the first storage system,
wherein the first storage system further
receives the second fault information from the second storage system, and
transmits the received second fault information to the computer, wherein the transmission of the second fault information to the computer is not performed in response to either an instruction or a query from the computer,
wherein the computer
receives the second fault information from the first storage system, and
stores the second fault information,
wherein the first, second and third storage systems include a plurality of storage areas, wherein two storage areas among the plurality of storage areas are configurable as a copy pair, wherein the copy pair is a combination of two storage areas between which copy operations from one to the other are carried out,
wherein the third storage system is arranged to receive a control command via the first and second storage systems,
wherein the control command is a copy pair configuration command that includes pair defining information to define the copy pair, wherein the copy pair configuration command instructs the third storage system to configure the copy pair defined by the pair defining information,
wherein the second storage system and the third storage system record the pair defining information in association with information recorded in the second and third storage systems identifying the transmitting storage system, and
wherein the identification of the first storage system by the second storage system and the identification of the second storage system by the third storage system are executed using recorded pair defining information;
wherein the third storage system further
identifies the second storage system for transmission of fault recovery information for recovering from the second fault, and
transmits the fault recovery information to the second storage system,
wherein the second storage system further
receives the fault recovery information transmitted by the third storage system,
identifies the first storage system for transmission of the fault recovery information, and
transmits the fault recovery information to the first storage system,
wherein the first storage system further
receives the fault recovery information transmitted by the second storage system, and
notifies the computer of the received fault recovery information, and
wherein the computer further
receives the fault recovery information transmitted by the first storage system, and
deletes the stored second fault information.
2. A computer system according to claim 1,
wherein the computer transmits the control command to the third storage system via the first storage system and the second storage system,
wherein the second storage system and the third storage system comprise a memory, and, when receiving the control command, record information to identify a transmitting storage system in the memory, wherein the transmitting storage system has transmitted the control command, and
wherein the identified first storage system and the identified second storage system is the transmitting storage system that the information to identify is recorded.
3. A computer system according to claim 1, wherein
the first storage system notifies the computer of the transmitted fault information as a fault of a storage area in the first storage system.
4. A computer system according to claim 1, wherein
the first storage system provides a virtual storage area to the computer, and notifies the computer of specifics of the fault in response to access to the virtual storage area by the computer, wherein the specifics of the fault is based on the transmitted fault information.
5. A computer system according to claim 1, wherein
the first storage system notifies the computer of occurrence of the detected fault as the fault information, and when a query regarding specifics of the detected fault is received from the computer that has received the notification, the first storage system notifies the computer of the specifics of the detected fault.
6. A computer system according to claim 1, wherein
the storage systems include a storage area, the fault information is information about a fault in the storage area or in a data line, the data line connecting each storage system for data transmission.
7. A computer system according to claim 1, wherein
the computer is a host computer to transmit and receive data, the host computer being connected to the first storage system by means of a data line for transmitting and receiving the data, and
the notification of the fault information takes place via the data line.
8. A computer system according to claim 1 further comprising
a host computer as another computer to transmit and receive data, the host computer being connected to the first storage system by means of a data line for transmitting and receiving the data.
9. A computer system according to claim 8,
wherein the computer to be notified the fault information is connected to the first storage system by means of a communication line different from the data line, and
wherein notification of the fault information takes place via the communication line.
10. A computer system according to claim 1,
wherein when the second storage system acquires fault recovery information indicating recovery from the fault relating to the notified fault information, the second storage system further transmits the acquired fault recovery information to the identified first storage system, and
wherein the first storage system further notifies the computer of the transmitted fault recovery information.
11. A storage system comprising:
a first interface configured to communicate with an external device;
a second interface configured to communicate with a first external storage system;
a controller connected to the first interface and to the second interface; and
a plurality of storage devices connected to the controller,
wherein the controller receives fault information relating to a fault in the first external storage system,
the controller detects a fault occurring in the storage system,
in case that the external device is a computer, when the controller receives a control command from the computer via the first interface, the controller makes first for-fault notification information which indicates that a destination of the fault information is the computer, and stores the first for-fault notification information in a memory of the storage system; and the controller notifies the computer via the first interface of the received fault information or of fault information relating to the detected fault in accordance with the first for-fault notification information, wherein the notification is not performed in response to either an instruction or a query from the computer, and
wherein upon receipt of the notification from the controller, the computer stores the received fault information or fault information relating to the detected fault in accordance with the first for-fault notification information,
in case that the external device is a second external storage system situated on a communication route leading to a computer, when the controller receives a control command from the computer via the first interface, the controller makes second for-fault notification information which indicates that a destination of fault information is the second external storage system, and stores the second for-fault notification information in a memory of the storage system; and the controller notifies the second external storage system via the first interface of the received fault information or of fault information relating to the detected fault in accordance with the second for-fault notification information;
wherein the first external storage system further
identifies the storage system for transmission of fault recovery information, and
transmits the fault recovery information to the storage system,
wherein the storage system further
receives the fault recovery information transmitted by the first external storage system,
identifies the second external storage system for transmission of the fault recovery information, and
transmits the fault recovery information to the second external storage system,
wherein the second external storage system further
receives the fault recovery information transmitted by the second storage system, and
notifies the computer of the received fault recovery information, and
wherein the computer
receives the fault recovery information transmitted by the second external storage system, and
deletes the stored fault information.
12. A method of managing fault in a computer system, wherein the computer system comprises a computer, a first storage system configured to be communicable with the computer, a second storage system configured to be communicable with the first storage system, and a third storage system configured to be communicable with the second storage system, the method comprising:
in the second storage system:
identifying the first storage system that is capable of communicating with the second storage system;
detecting a first fault occurring in the second storage system; and
transmitting first fault information to the identified first storage system, the first fault information being related to the detected first fault,

in the first storage system:
notifying the computer of the transmitted first fault information, wherein the notification is not performed in response to either an instruction or a query from the computer,
in the computer:
receiving the first fault information from the first storage system: and
storing the first fault information,

in the third storage system:
identifying the second storage system that is capable of communicating with the third storage system,
detecting a second fault occurring in the third storage system, and
transmitting second fault information to the identified second storage system, the fault information being related to the detected second fault,

further in the second storage system:
receiving the second fault information from the third storage system, and
transmitting the received second fault information to the first storage system,

further in the first storage system:
receiving the second fault information from the second storage system, and
transmitting the received second fault information to the computer, wherein the transmission is not performed in response to either an instruction or a query from the computer,
further in the computer
receiving the second fault information from the first storage system, and
storing the second fault information,
wherein the first, second, and third storage systems include a plurality of storage areas, wherein two storage areas among the plurality of storage areas are configurable as a copy pair, wherein the copy pair is a combination of two storage areas between which copy operations from one to the other are carried out,
wherein the third storage system is arranged to receive a control command via the first and second storage systems,
wherein the control command is a copy pair configuration command that includes pair defining information to define the copy pair, wherein the copy pair configuration command instructs the third storage system to configure the copy pair defined by the pair defining information,
wherein the second storage system and the third storage system record the pair defining information in association with information recorded in the second and third storage systems identifying the transmitting storage system, and
wherein the identification of the first storage system by the second storage system and the identification of the second storage system by the third storage system are executed using recorded pair defining information;
further in the third storage system:
identifying the second storage system for transmission of fault recovery information for recovering from the second fault, and
transmitting the fault recovery information to the second storage system,
further in the second storage system:
receiving the fault recovery information transmitted by the third storage system,
identifying the first storage system for transmission of the fault recovery information, and
transmitting the fault recovery information to the first storage system,
further in the first storage system:
receiving the fault recovery information transmitted by the second storage system, and
notifying the computer of the received fault recovery information, and
further in the computer:
receiving the fault recovery information from the first storage system, and
deleting the stored second fault information.
13. A display method of displaying fault in a computer system, wherein the computer system comprises a computer equipped with a display device, a first storage system configured to be communicable with the computer, a second storage system configured to be communicable with the first storage system, and a third storage system configured to be communicable with the second storage system, the display method comprising:
in the second storage system:
identifying the first storage system that is capable of communicating with the second storage system;
detecting a first fault occurring in the second storage system; and
transmitting first fault information to the identified first storage system, the first fault information being related to the detected first fault,

in the third storage system:
identifying the second storage system that is capable of communicating with the third storage system,
detecting a second fault occurring in the third storage system, and
transmitting second fault information to the identified second storage system, the second fault information being related to the detected second fault,

further in the second storage system:
receiving the second fault information from the third storage system, and
transmitting the received second fault information to the first storage system,

wherein the first, second, and third storage systems include a plurality of storage areas, wherein two storage areas among the plurality of storage areas are configurable as a copy pair, wherein the copy pair is a combination of two storage areas between which copy operations from one to the other are carried out,
wherein the third storage system is arranged to receive a control command via the first and second storage systems,
wherein the control command is a copy pair configuration command that includes pair defining information to define the copy pair, wherein the copy pair configuration command instructs the third storage system to configure the copy pair defined by the pair defining information,
wherein the second storage system and the third storage system record the pair defining information in association with information recorded in the second and third storage systems, and
wherein the identification of the first storage system by the second storage system and the identification of the second storage system by the third storage system are executed using recorded pair defining information,
in the first storage system:
notifying the computer of the transmitted first or second fault information, wherein the notification is not performed in response to either an instruction or a query from the computer, and

in the computer
identifying the first or second fault that has occurred using the notified first or second fault information, respectively; and
displaying the identified first or second fault on the display device.

1. A connector (10), comprising:
a housing (11),
a plurality of terminal fittings (70) inserted into the housing (11),
an accommodating chamber (17) in the housing (11), and
a shorting terminal (90) in the accommodating chamber (17) and biased into shorting contact with the terminal fittings (70) and configured to be deflected away from a shorting state when the connector (10) is connected with a mating connector (20), wherein:
positioning portions (17A; 17B) are provided in the accommodating chamber (17) of the housing (11) for holding and positioning the shorting terminal (90) at its front and rear positions at least with respect to a connecting direction (CD) of the connectors (10, 20), and
a window (16) is formed in a side surface of the housing (11) and communicates with the accommodating chamber (17) for permitting entry of the shorting terminal (90) into the accommodating chamber (17).
2. The connector of claim 1, wherein the window (16) is aligned with the positioning portions (17A; 17B).
3. The connector according of claim 1, further comprising a lid (80) for at least partly closing the window (16).
4. The connector of claim 3, wherein the lid (80) includes a cover (81) for at least partly covering the window (16) and at least one lock (82) for locking the terminal fittings (70) in the housing (11).
5. The connector of claim 1, wherein the shorting terminal (90) has a base plate (94), shorting pieces (92) at one end of the base plate (94) and extending towards the terminal fittings (70), a deformation space between the shorting pieces (92) and the base plate (94) for permitting deformation of the shorting pieces (92), and the base plate (94) having a resiliently deformable lock (93) projecting away from the deformation space and oblique to an inserting direction (ID) of the shorting terminal (90) into the accommodating chamber (1 7).
6. The connector of claim 5, wherein a receiving portion (17E) is provided on an inner surface of the accommodating chamber (17) of the housing (11) for engaging and locking the lock (93).
7. The connector of claim 6, wherein the base plate (94) has an elevated portion (97) projecting towards the deformation space, and the lock (93) projects into an elevation space (S) inside the elevated portion (97).
8. The connector of claim 7, wherein the lock (93) of the shorting terminal (90) is resiliently deformed and slides on the receiving portion (17E) upon inserting the shorting terminal (90) in the accommodating space (17).
9. The connector of claim 8, wherein the base plate (94) has an inclined portion (100) sloped towards the deformation space, the lock (93) being provided at the inclined portion (100), and the receiving portion (17E) is provided along the inclined portion (100).
10. A connector (10), comprising:
a housing (11), cavities (15) extending through the housing (11) along a connecting direction (CD), an accommodating chamber (17) extending into a side surface the housing (11) along an inserting direction (ID) transverse to the connecting direction (CD) and communicating with the cavities (15), positioning grooves (17A; 17B) extending along the inserting direction (ID) in the accommodating chamber (17);
terminal fittings (70) inserted into the respective cavities (15); and
a shorting terminal (90) inserted along the inserting direction (ID) into the accommodating chamber (17) and biased into shorting contact with the terminal fittings (70), portions of the shorting terminal (90) being slid into the positioning grooves (17A; 17B) for positioning the shorting terminal (90) at front and rear positions at least with respect to the connecting direction (CD).
11. The connector (10) of claim 10, wherein the side surface of the housing (11) has a window (16) opening to the accommodating chamber (17), a retainer (80) being insertable along the inserting direction (ID) through the window (16) and into a position for locking the terminal fittings (70) in the.
12. The connector (10) of claim 11, wherein the retainer (80) has a lid (81) for substantially closing the window (16).
13. The connector of claim 12, wherein the shorting terminal (90) has a base plate (94), shorting pieces (92) extending from the base plate (94) towards the terminal fittings (70), a deformation space between the shorting pieces (92) and the base plate (94), and a resiliently deformable lock (93) projecting from the base plate (94) away from the deformation space and oblique to the inserting direction (ID).
14. The connector of claim 13, wherein the base plate (94) has an elevated portion (97) projecting towards the deformation space, and the lock (93) projects into an elevation space (S) inside the elevated portion (97).
15. A connector system, comprising:
a first connector (10) having a housing (11), cavities (15) extending through the housing (11) along a connecting direction (CD), an accommodating chamber (17) extending into a side surface the housing (11) along an inserting direction (ID) transverse to the connecting direction (CD) and communicating with the cavities (15), positioning grooves (17A; 17B) extending along the inserting direction (ID) in the accommodating chamber (17), terminal fittings (70) inserted into the respective cavities (15), and a shorting terminal (90) inserted along the inserting direction (ID) into the accommodating chamber (17) and biased into shorting contact with the terminal fittings (70), portions of the shorting terminal (90) being slid into the positioning grooves (17A; 17B) for positioning the shorting terminal (90) at front and rear positions at least with respect to the connecting direction (CD); and
a second connector (20) connectable with the first connector (10), the second connector (20) having at least one canceling portion (27) for deflecting the shorting terminal (90) away from the terminal fittings (70) and thereby canceling a shorted state of the terminal fittings (70) when the connectors (10, 20) are connected properly.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.

1. A computer program product for multi-threading, the computer program product comprising:
a computer readable storage medium having computer readable program code embodied therewith, the computer readable program code comprising:
computer readable program code configured to generate an interrupt based on an event;
computer readable program code configured to select a thread for monitoring;
computer readable program code configured to capture information, with an interrupt handler, for a monitored thread;
computer readable program code configured to set an affinity of the monitored thread such that the monitored thread runs only on a current processor without being able to migrate to a different processor; and
computer readable program code configured to retrieve, with a sampler thread that runs on the current processor, a call stack associated with a monitored thread after the affinity of the monitored thread has been set to the current processor.
2. The computer program product of claim 1, wherein the computer readable program code is also configured to restore the affinity of the monitored thread after the call stack has been retrieved.
3. The computer program product of claim 1, wherein the monitored thread is selected utilizing a subsequent thread in a list of threads.
4. The computer program product of claim 1, wherein the interrupt handler selects the monitored thread in response to taking an interrupt.
5. The computer program product of claim 1, wherein the monitored thread is selected by a sampler thread.
6. The computer program product of claim 1, wherein the monitored thread is selected randomly according to a random selection process.
7. The computer program product of claim 6, wherein the random selection process includes a weighting related to a number of times each thread is interrupted.
8. The computer program product of claim 1, wherein the current processor is busy at the time the interrupt is signaled and the monitored thread is not currently executing.
9. The computer program product of claim 1, wherein the monitored thread is selected from a list of threads identified during a warm up phase before the call stacks are recorded.
10. A method comprising:
generating an interrupt based on an event;
selecting a thread for monitoring;
capturing information, with an interrupt handler, for a monitored thread;
setting an affinity of the monitored thread such that the monitored thread runs only on a current processor without being able to migrate to a different processor;
retrieving, with a sampler thread that runs on the current processor, a call stack associated with a monitored thread after the affinity of the monitored thread has been set to the current processor; and
restoring the affinity of the monitored thread after the call stack has been retrieved.
11. The method of claim 10, further comprising restoring the affinity of the monitored thread after the call stack has been retrieved.
12. The method of claim 10, wherein the interrupt handler selects the monitored thread in response to taking an interrupt.
13. The method of claim 10, wherein the monitored thread is selected by a sampler thread.
14. The method of claim 10, wherein the monitored thread is selected randomly according to a random selection process.
15. The method of claim 14, wherein the random selection process includes a weighting related to a number of times each thread is interrupted.
16. The method of claim 10, wherein the current processor is busy at the time the interrupt is signaled and the monitored thread is not currently executing.
17. The method of claim 10, wherein the monitored thread is selected from a list of threads identified during a warm up phase before the call stacks are recorded.
18. A system comprising:
a current processor that generates an interrupt based on an event;
an affinity module that (i) identifies a thread for monitoring that captures information, with an interrupt handler, for the monitored thread and (ii) sets an affinity of the monitored thread such that the monitored thread runs only on a current processor without being able to migrate to a different processor; and
a profiler that retrieves, with a sampler thread that runs on the current processor, a call stack associated with the monitored thread after the affinity of the monitored thread has been set to the current processor.
19. The system of claim 18, wherein the monitored thread is selected utilizing a subsequent thread in a list of threads
20. The system of claim 18, wherein the interrupt handler selects the monitored thread in response to taking an interrupt.
21. The system of claim 20, wherein the monitored thread is selected by a sampler thread.
22. The system of claim 21, wherein the monitored thread is suspended after the monitored thread is identified.
23. The system of claim 22, wherein the monitored thread is resumed the after the affinity is set.