All The Claims

1. A gas-phase process for polymerization of olefins in a plug flow reactor, in which at least one olefin monomer is contacted with a catalyst system comprising a magnesium halide supported titanium-containing component, an organoaluminum component, and at least one external electron donor component, wherein catalyst system components are added through injection points positioned axially along the reactor, comprising:
adding a first external donor component to the reactor at an injection point axially near an injection point for the supported transition metal containing component, and
adding at least a second external donor component to the reactor axially downstream from the injection point for the first external donor component.
2. The process of claim 1 wherein the second external electron donor is more stereoregulating than the first electron donor.
3. The process of claim 1 wherein the first and second external electron donor compounds are organic silicon compounds having a formula Si(OR)nR\u20324\u2212n, where R and R\u2032 are selected independently from C1-C10 alkyl and cycloalkyl groups and n=1-4.
4. The process of claim 3 wherein the first and second external electron donor compounds are selected from the group consisting of tetraethoxysilane, dicyclopentyldimethoxysilane diisopropyldimethoxysilane diisobutyldimethoxysilane, isobutylisopropyldimethoxysilane di-tert-butyldimethoxysilane, n-propyltriethoxysilane, isopropyltriethoxysilane, and octyltriethoxysilane.
5. The process of claim 1 wherein the first external electron donor is tetraethoxysilane.
6. The process of claim 1 wherein the second external electron donor is dicyclopentyldimethoxysilane, diisopropyldimethoxysilane, diisobutyldimethoxysilane, or isobutylisopropyldimethoxysilane.
7. The process of claim 1 wherein the olefin monomer is propylene.
8. The process of claim 7 wherein propylene is polymerized with a minor amount of ethylene, C4+ alpha olefins, or mixtures thereof.
9. The process of claim 1 wherein the plug flow reactor is a cylindrical horizontal, subfluidized stirred-bed reactor in which the ratio of length to diameter is greater than 2.
10. The process of claim 1 wherein the injection point of the second external donor component is at least 25% of the length of the reactor downstream from the injection point of the first external donor component.
11. A gas-phase process for polymerization of olefins in a cylindrical, horizontal, subfluidized stirred-bed plug flow reactor, in which at least one olefin monomer is contacted with a catalyst system comprising a magnesium halide supported titanium-containing component, an organoaluminum component, and at least one external silicon-containing electron donor component,wherein catalyst system components are added through injection points positioned axially along the reactor, comprising:
adding a first external donor component to the reactor at an injection point axially near an injection point for the supported transition metal containing component, and
adding at least a second external donor component, which is more stereoregulating than the first electron donor, to the reactor at least 25% of the length of the reactor axially downstream from the injection point for the first external donor component.
12. The process of claim 11 in which at least 95 mole % of the olefin monomer is propylene.
13. The process of claim 12 in which the first electron donor is tetraethoxysilane.
14. The process of claim 13 in which the second electron donor is dicyclopentyldimethoxysilane, diisopropyldimethoxysilane, diisobutyldimethoxysilane, or isobutylisopropyldimethoxysilane.
15. The process of claim 14 wherein the injection point of the second external donor component is between 25% to 75% of the length of the reactor downstream from the injection point of the first external donor component.
16. The process of claim 15 wherein the injection point of the second external donor component is between 40% to 60% of the length of the reactor downstream from the injection point of the first external donor component.
17. The process of claim 11 wherein a second cylindrical horizontal, subfluidized stirred bed plug flow reactor is operated in series with the first reactor.
18. The process of claim 11 wherein the organoaluminum component is a trialkylaluminum.
19. The process of claim 18 wherein the organoaluminum component is a triethylaluminum.
20. The process of claim 17 in which a mixture of propylene and ethylene is polymerized in the second reactor.

The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.

What is claimed is:

1. A gas laser machining apparatus, comprising:
an oscillator for conducting a pulse laser oscillation;
wherein a preparatory pulse component whose energy is below a threshold value of a laser oscillation is located to a predetermined position.
2. A gas laser machining apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein said preparatory pulse component is located prior to a first pulse of discharging power pulses.
3. A gas laser machining apparatus, comprising:
an oscillator for conducting a pulse laser oscillation;
wherein a base power whose energy is below the threshold value of a laser oscillation, is added to the discharging power when the working of a workpiece progresses, and a preparatory pulse component whose energy is below the threshold value of a laser oscillation, is located prior to a first pulse of the discharging power pulses.
4. A gas laser machining apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein said preparatory pulse component is applied before laser pulses used for machining are generated and in each of the intervals between the adjacent pulses used for working.
5. A gas laser machining apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein said preparatory pulse component is located prior to a first pulse of discharging power pulses, while continuing for a given period.
6. A gas laser machining apparatus, comprising:
an oscillator for conducting a pulse laser oscillation;
wherein a first pulse of machining laser pulses is shut off, while the remaining working laser pulses are projected to a workpiece.

1. A method comprising:
monitoring, at a base station of a wireless network, channel quality information corresponding to a wireless channel used by the base station to stream media content to a communication device, wherein the media content is streamed to the communication device at a particular effective transfer rate via data bursts;
selecting, at the base station, a size of a data burst to send to the communication device and a download rate for the data burst, wherein the size and the download rate are based on the channel quality information, and wherein the size of the data burst is selected based on potential data wastage if the communication device stops playing the media content and usage efficiency of base station resources associated with the base station; and
sending the data burst to the communication device at a first time from the base station.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the usage efficiency depends on a communication protocol used by the base station to communicate with the communication device.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein selecting the size of the data burst comprises:
determining a first size based on the potential data wastage;
determining a second size based on the usage efficiency; and
determining the size based on the first size and the second size.
4. The method of claim 3, wherein determining the size based on the first size and the second size comprises determining a weighted average of the first size and the second size.
5. The method of claim 4, wherein the first size is weighted to a greater extent than the second size within a particular time window that includes a start time of playback of the media content.
6. The method of claim 4, wherein the first size is weighted to a greater extent than the second size within a particular time window that includes an end time of playback of the media content.
7. The method of claim 4, wherein the second size is weighted to a greater extent than the first size within a particular time not including a start of the media content and not including an end of the media content.
8. The method of claim 4, wherein a first weight applied to the first size, a second weight applied to the second size, or both, is based on viewing history data.
9. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
after sending the data burst, determining a second time to send a second data burst to maintain the effective transfer rate;
selecting a second size of the second data burst and a second download rate for the second data burst based on updated channel quality information; and
sending the second data burst to the communication device at the second time.
10. The method of claim 1, wherein the particular effective transfer rate matches a playback rate of the media content.
11. The method of claim 1, wherein the particular effective transfer rate is greater than a playback rate of the media content.
12. An apparatus comprising:
a processor; and
a memory coupled to the processor, the memory comprising instructions executable by the processor to perform operations comprising:
determining channel quality information corresponding to a wireless channel used by a base station to stream media content to a communication device, wherein the media content is streamed to the communication device at a particular effective transfer rate via data bursts; and
selecting a size of a data burst to send to the communication device and a download rate for the data burst, wherein the size and the download rate are based on the channel quality information, and wherein the size of the data burst is selected based on potential data wastage if the communication device stops playing the media content and usage efficiency of base station resources associated with the base station.
13. The apparatus of claim 12, wherein selecting the size of the data burst comprises:
determining a first size based on the potential data wastage;
determining a second size based on the usage efficiency; and
determining the size based on the first size and the second size.
14. The apparatus of claim 13, wherein determining the size based on the first size and the second size comprises determining the size based on a weighted average of the first size and the second size, and wherein weightings applied to the first size, the second size, or both, are determined based on viewing history data associated with the media content.
15. The apparatus of claim 12, wherein determining the channel quality information comprises receiving the channel quality information from the base station, and wherein the processor is a component of a network server.
16. A computer-readable storage device comprising instructions executable by a processor to perform operations including:
determining channel quality information corresponding to a wireless channel used by a base station to stream media content to a communication device, wherein the media content is streamed to the communication device at a particular effective transfer rate via data bursts; and
selecting a size of a data burst to send to the communication device and a download rate for the data burst, wherein the size and the download rate are based on the channel quality information, and wherein the size of the data burst is selected based on potential data wastage if the communication device stops playing the media content and usage efficiency of base station resources associated with the base station.
17. The computer-readable storage device of claim 16, wherein the operations further include sending the size and the download rate for the data burst to the base station.
18. The computer-readable storage device of claim 16, wherein selecting the size of the data burst comprises:
determining a first size based on the potential data wastage;
determining a second size based on the usage efficiency; and
determining the size based on the first size and the second size.
19. The computer-readable storage device of claim 18, wherein the usage efficiency depends on a communication protocol used by the base station to communicate with the communication device.
20. The computer-readable storage device of claim 19, wherein the communication protocol is compliant with a third generation mobile communication standard, a fourth generation mobile communication standard, or a long term evolution mobile communication standard.

The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.

1. A low-material-indicating center pull dispenser for dispensing a web of material from a substantially vertically-oriented center pull roll having a coiled bottom surface with inner and outer regions, the dispenser comprising:
a housing permitting at least a portion of a center pull roll to be viewed when loaded therein and having an outlet for the material;
at least one center pull roll position indicator associated with the housing; and
a roll support platform for supporting the center pull roll within the housing, the roll support platform having (a) an inward portion and (b) a lower outward portion outward from and at least about 0.25 inch below the inward portion, the inward portion being positioned to support the center pull roll bottom surface inner region in a first position with the center pull roll bottom surface outer region extending out from the inward portion and spaced at least about 0.25 inch above the lower outward portion, and the lower outward portion being positioned to receive and support the center pull roll bottom surface outer region in a second position when the material forming the center pull roll bottom surface inner region is depleted so that the entire center pull roll changes position by dropping at least about 0.25 inch onto the lower outward portion and dropping of the center pull roll onto the lower outward portion changes the position of the center pull roll relative to the at least one position indicator to thereby provide a low-material indication.
2. The center pull dispenser of claim 1 wherein the housing further includes center pull roll viewing structure permitting the change of position of the center pull roll to be viewed relative to the at least one position indicator.
3. The center pull dispenser of claim 2 wherein the center pull roll viewing structure comprises at least one window.
4. The center pull dispenser of claim 3 wherein the at least one window is located on the housing so that the center pull roll (a) is viewable both before and after the change of center pull roll position, or (b) is viewable only before the change of center pull roll position or (c) is viewable only after the change of center pull roll position.
5. The center pull dispenser of claim 3 wherein the at least one window is located on a housing cover.
6. The center pull dispenser of claim 3 further comprising a light-transmissive cover over the at least one window.
7. The center pull dispenser of claim 2 wherein the center pull roll viewing structure comprises a light-transmissive portion of the housing permitting the position of the center pull roll to be viewed through the housing.
8. The center pull dispenser of claim 7 wherein the light-transmissive portion of the housing is located on a housing cover.
9. The center pull dispenser of claim 1 wherein the roll support platform inward portion has a surface on which the center pull roll bottom surface inner region rests and the roll support platform inward portion further defines a central dispensing opening through which the material is pulled from the center pull roll.
10. The center pull dispenser of claim 9 wherein the roll support platform lower outward portion is concentric with the roll support platform inward portion.
11. The center pull dispenser of claim 10 further comprising a ramp spacing the roll support platform inward portion above the roll support lower outward portion and the ramp tapers outwardly toward the roll support platform lower outward portion.
12. The center pull dispenser of claim 10 further comprising an upright rim around the roll support platform lower outward portion.
13. The center pull dispenser of claim 9 further comprising at least one friction-providing surface which contacts the material pulled through the central dispensing opening so that a single sheet of material grasped by a user separates from an adjacent sheet along a perforation line.
14. The center pull dispenser of claim 13 further comprising a dispenser element extending away from the roll support platform in communication with the central dispensing opening and the friction-providing surface comprises a dispenser element wall defining an orifice through which the material is pulled from the center pull roll.
15. A low-material-indicating center pull dispenser for dispensing a web of material from a substantially vertically-oriented center pull roll having a coiled bottom surface with inner and outer regions, the dispenser comprising:
a housing permitting at least a portion of a center pull roll to be viewed when loaded therein and having an outlet for the material;
at least one center pull roll position indicator associated with the housing; and
a roll support platform with an upper inward portion and a lower outward portion outward from and at least about 0.25 inch below the upper inward portion, the upper inward portion supporting the center pull roll within the housing with the center pull roll in a first position in which the inner region of the center pull roll bottom surface is supported by the roll support platform upper inward portion with the outer region of the center pull roll bottom surface overhanging the lower outward portion and, once the inner region of the center pull bottom surface is depleted, the lower outward portion supports the entire remaining center pull roll in a second position at least about 0.25 inch lower than the first position and movement of the center pull roll to the second position changes the position of the center pull roll relative to the at least one position indicator to thereby provide a low-material indication.
16. The center pull dispenser of claim 15 wherein the housing further includes center pull roll viewing structure permitting the position of the center pull roll to be viewed relative to the at least one position indicator.
17. The center pull dispenser of claim 16 wherein the center pull roll viewing structure is selected from the group consisting of at least one window, a light-transmissive housing and a light-transmissive housing portion.
18. A low-material-indicating center pull dispenser for dispensing a web of material from a substantially vertically-oriented center pull roll having a coiled bottom surface with inner and outer regions, the dispenser comprising:
a housing having an outlet for the material;
a center pull roll position indicator associated with the housing; and
a roll support platform for supporting the center pull roll within the housing, the roll support platform having (a) an inward portion and (b) a lower outward portion outward from and at least about 0.25 inch below the inward portion, the inward portion being positioned to support the center pull roll bottom surface inner region with the center pull roll at a first position and the center pull roll bottom surface outer region overhanging the lower outward portion and the lower outward portion being positioned to support the center pull roll bottom surface outer region with the center pull roll at a second position at least about 0.25 inch below the first position when the material forming the center pull roll bottom surface inner region is depleted and the center pull roll changes position by falling downward onto the lower outward portion, wherein falling of the center pull roll to the lower outward portion uncovers the position indicator to thereby provide a low-material indication.
19. The center pull dispenser of claim 18 further comprising center pull roll viewing structure permitting the center pull roll to be viewed when loaded in the housing, the center pull roll viewing structure being selected from the group consisting of at least one window, a light-transmissive housing and a light-transmissive housing portion.
20. The center pull dispenser of claim 18 wherein the low-material indicator includes indicia on a rear wall of the housing which is uncovered when the center pull roll falls onto the lower outward portion.
21. A low-material-indicating center pull dispenser for dispensing a web of material from a substantially vertically-oriented center pull roll having a coiled bottom surface with inner and outer regions, the dispenser comprising:
a housing having an outlet for the material;
a center pull roll position indicator associated with the housing; and
a roll support platform for supporting the center pull roll within the housing, the roll support platform having (a) an inward portion and (b) a lower outward portion outward from and at least about 0.25 inch below the inward portion, the inward portion being positioned to support the center pull roll bottom surface inner region with the center pull roll at a first position and the center pull roll bottom surface outer region overhanging the lower outward portion and the lower outward portion being positioned to support the center pull roll bottom surface outer region with the center pull roll at a second position at least about 0.25 inch below the first position when the material forming the center pull roll bottom surface inner region is depleted and the center pull roll changes position by falling downward onto the lower outward portion, wherein falling of the center pull roll to the lower outward portion covers the position indicator to thereby provide a low-material indication.
22. The center pull dispenser of claim 21 wherein the position indicator includes an upright wall spacing the inward portion of the roll support platform above the lower outward portion of the roll support platform and the upright wall is covered by the center pull roll when the center pull roll falls onto the lower outward portion.