All The Claims

What is claimed is:

1. A process for producing N-acetylneuraminic acid which comprises:
allowing (i) a culture of a microorganism having N-acetylneuraminic acid aldolase activity or N-acetylneuraminic acid synthetase activity, or a treated matter of the culture, (ii) a culture of a microorganism capable of producing pyruvic acid or a treated matter of the culture when a microorganism having N-acetylneuraminic acid aldolase activity is used in (i) above, or a culture of a microorganism capable of producing phosphoenolpyruvic acid or a treated matter of the culture when a microorganism having N-acetylneuraminic acid synthetase activity is used in (i) above, (iii) N-acetylmannosamine, and (iv) an energy source which is necessary for the formation of pyruvic acid or phosphoenolpyruvic acid to be present in an aqueous medium to form and accumulate N-acetylneuraminic acid in the aqueous medium; and recovering N-acetylneuraminic acid from the aqueous medium.
2. The process according to claim 1, wherein said N-acetylmannosamine is produced by allowing a culture of a microorganism having N-acetylglucosamine 2-epimerase activity or a treated matter of the culture and N-acetylglucosamine to be present in an aqueous medium to form and accumulate N-acetylmannosamine in the aqueous medium.
3. The process according to claim 2, wherein said microorganism having N-acetylglucosamine 2-epimerase activity carries a recombinant DNA composed of a DNA fragment comprising DNA encoding N-acetylglucosamine 2-epimerase and a vector.
4. The process according to claim 3, wherein said DNA encoding N-acetylglucosamine 2-epimerase is DNA derived from a microorganism belonging to the genus Synechocystis.
5. The process according to claim 3 or 4, wherein said DNA encoding N-acetylglucosamine 2-epimerase is selected from the group consisting of:
(a) DNA encoding a protein having the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 1; and
(b) DNA having the nucleotide sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 2.
6. The process according to any of claims 1-5, wherein said microorganism having N-acetylneuraminic acid aldolase activity is a microorganism belonging to the genus Escherichia or Corynebacterium.
7. The process according to any of claims 1-6, wherein said microorganism having N-acetylneuraminic acid synthetase activity is a microorganism belonging to a genus selected from the group consisting of Escherichia, Neisseria and Streptococcus.
8. The process according to any of claims 1-7 wherein said microorganism capable of producing pyruvic acid is a microorganism belonging to a genus selected from the group consisting of Escherichia, Corynebacterium and Saccharomyces.
9. The process according to any of claims 1-8, wherein said microorganism capable of producing phosphoenolpyruvic acid is a microorganism belonging to a genus selected from the group consisting of Escherichia, Corynebacterium and Saccharomyces.
10. The process according to any of claims 6-9, wherein said microorganism belonging to the genus Escherichia is Escherichia coli.
11. The process according to claim 6, 8 or 9, wherein said microorganism belonging to the genus Corynebacterium is Corynebacterium ammoniagenes, Corynebacterium glutamicum or Corynebacterium acetoacidophilum.

The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.

1. A water-soluble glass composition comprising: 10 to 75 mole % P205,
Over 20 to 50 mole % alkali metal oxide,
up to 40 mole % Zn0 and,
up to 40 mole % Bi203, the mole ratio of zinc to bismuth in the composition is in the range from 1:100 to 100:1 and wherein the composition releases zinc and bismuth during a dishwashing cycle in an amount enough to ensure glassware corrosion protection.
2. (canceled)
3. A composition according to claim 1, wherein the composition comprises 25 to 40 mole %, of an alkali metal oxide.
4. (canceled)
5. A composition according to claim 3, wherein the alkali metal oxide is one or more of: Li20, Na20, K20.
6. A composition according claim 1, wherein the composition comprises less than 10 mole %, of an alkaline earth oxide.
7. A composition according to claim 6, wherein the alkaline earth oxide is calcium oxide (Ca0).
8. A composition according to claim 1, wherein the composition comprises a refining agent.
9. A composition according to claim 8, wherein the refining agent comprises less than 10 mole % of the composition.
10. A composition according to claim 8, wherein the refining agent is a sulphateoxide or antimony, arsenic, cerium, manganese or an admixture thereof.
11. A composition according to claim 1, wherein the composition comprises an oxide of an element from the group consisting of silicon, germanium, tin and lead.
12. A composition according to claim 11, wherein the amount of the silicon, germanium, tin or lead oxide is less than 10 mole %.
13. A composition according to claim 1, wherein the composition comprises an oxide of an element from the group consisting of gallium, aluminium and boron.
14. A composition according to claim 11, wherein the amount of the gallium, aluminium or boron oxide is preferably from 0.1 to 10 mole %.
15. A composition comprising:
from 41 to 54 mole % of P2O5,
from 20 to 30 mole % of alkali oxides,
up to 5 mole % of SO3,
from 15 to 25 mole % of ZnO,
from 0.2 to 1.5 mole % Bi203,
less than 3 mole % of alkaline-earth oxides, and,
from 0.3 to 3 mole % of oxides of elements selected from the group consisting of silicon, aluminium and boron.
16. A composition according to claim 1, wherein the composition is in the form of a shaped body.
17. A composition according to claim 1, wherein the composition is in a comminuted form.
18. (canceled)
19. (canceled)

1. A process for preparing frozen particles having an average diameter of from 1 to 10 mm and comprising from 1 to 50 wt % of a frozen aqueous core and from 50 to 99 wt % of a fat-based shell, the process comprising:
(a) providing a dispensing device having an inner nozzle and an outer nozzle which surrounds the inner nozzle;
(b) supplying a fat-based mix to the outer nozzle and an aqueous mix to the Inner nozzle, thereby forming particles with a fat-continuous shell and a water-continuous core, and then
(c) dropping the particles into a refrigerant.
2. A process according to claim 1 wherein the aqueous mix is a water ice mix or an ice cream mix.
3. A process according to claim 1 wherein the fat-based mix comprises an oil selected from coconut oil, palm oil, palm kernel oil, cocoa butter, milk fat, sunflower oil, safflower oil, olive oil, linseed oil, soybean oil, rapeseed oil, groundnut oil and mixtures, fractions or hydrogenates thereof.
4. A process according to any of claim 1 wherein the core constitutes from 5 to 40 wt % of the particles.
5. A process according to claim 1 wherein the aqueous mix contains an ingredient which can react with an ingredient which is contained in the fat-based mix.
6. A process according to claim 1 wherein the particles have an average diameter of between 2 and 7 mm.
7. A process according to claim 1 wherein the fat-based mix is a chocolate or chocolate analogue.
8. A process according to claim 1 wherein the fat-based mix is a water-in-oil emulsion.
9. A process according to claim 1 wherein the particles each have a single core having a diameter of from 1 to 4 mm.
10. A process according to claim 1 wherein each particle has more than one core.

The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.

1. A method of operating an engine, comprising,
adjusting an injection timing of a first fuel injector coupled to a first cylinder in a first bank of cylinders and an injection timing of a second fuel injector coupled to a second cylinder in a second bank of cylinders based on a ratio of a first temperature of a first intake of the first bank and a second temperature of a second intake of the second bank.
2. The method of claim 1, further comprising determining the ratio as a weighted average based on at least one of the first temperature at the first intake or the second temperature at the second intake, and an estimate or a measured temperature at the other of the first intake or the second intake.
3. The method of claim 2, further comprising changing the weighting during engine operation based on a corresponding change to an operating parameter of the engine.
4. The method of claim 3, further comprising increasing weighting towards the higher of the first and second temperatures as an engine temperature increases above a threshold temperature.
5. The method of claim 3, further comprising determining an age of an engine component, and increasing weighting towards the higher of the first and second temperatures in response to an increase in the engine component age.
6. The method of claim 5, wherein the engine component includes one or more of an exhaust catalyst, an engine manifold, or a fuel injector.
7. The method of claim 3, further comprising determining an ambient temperature, and increasing the weighting towards the higher of the first and second temperatures in response to an increase in the determined ambient temperature.
8. The method of claim 3, further comprising determining an ambient humidity or pressure, the weighting increased towards the higher of the first and second temperatures in response to an increase in the determined ambient humidity or pressure.
9. The method of claim 3, further comprising changing an opening duration of the fuel injector to change an amount of diesel fuel supplied to the first cylinder to control a fuel diesel content of a fuel composition supplied to the first cylinder.
10. The method of claim 3, further comprising determining a season of vehicle operation, and increasing the weighting towards the higher of the first and second temperatures during summer and spring seasons, and increasing the weighting towards the lower of the first and second temperatures during fall and winter seasons.
11. The method of claim 3, further comprising determining a fuel composition to be injected into the engine, and increasing the weighting towards the higher of the first and second temperatures as an alcohol content of the injected fuel composition increases.
12. The method of claim 3, further comprising determining a fuel composition to be injected into the engine, the weighting increased towards the higher of the first and second temperatures as a natural gas content of the injected fuel composition increases.
13. The method of claim 3, further comprising determining a fuel composition to be injected into the engine, the weighting being based at least in part on the first and second temperatures relative to each other and on a natural gas content of the injected fuel composition.
14. The method of claim 2, wherein the weighting is further based on a diesel content of an injected fuel composition.
15. The method of claim 1, further comprising controlling an injection pressure to control an amount of fuel provided by one or both of the first or second fuel injector.
16. A method of controlling an engine including a first bank of cylinders and a second bank of cylinders, comprising,
compressing air through a compressor to form compressed air;
splitting the compressed air downstream of the compressor;
directing at least some compressed air to a first intake of the first bank via a first intercooler;
directing at least some compressed air to a second intake of the second bank via a second intercooler;
determining a first temperature of the first intake;
determining a second temperature of the second intake;
determining an expected temperature based on engine operating conditions; and
adjusting an injection timing of a fuel injector coupled to the first bank and a fuel injector coupled to the second bank based on an unevenly weighted average of the first temperature and the second temperature when each of the first temperature and the second temperature are within a threshold difference of the expected temperature.
17. The method of claim 16, wherein if the first temperature is within the threshold difference of the expected temperature and the second temperature is outside the threshold difference of the expected temperature, further comprising adjusting the injection timing of the fuel injector coupled to the first bank and the fuel injector coupled to the second bank based on the first temperature and independent of the second temperature, and when the second temperature is within the threshold difference of the expected temperature and the first temperature is outside the threshold difference of the expected temperature, adjusting the injection timing of the fuel injector coupled to the first bank and the fuel injector coupled to the second bank based on the second temperature and independent of the first temperature.
18. An engine system, comprising:
a first fuel injector coupled to a first cylinder in a first bank of cylinders;
a second fuel injector coupled to a second cylinder in a second bank of cylinders;
at least one temperature sensor configured to determine a manifold air temperature (MAT) of at least the first bank of cylinders; and
a controller operable to receive the determined manifold air temperature from the at least one sensor, and further operable to calculate a temperature ratio of the first bank of cylinders relative to the second bank of cylinders, and further operable to adjust an operation of the at least one of the first fuel injector or the second fuel injector based at least in part on the calculated temperature ratio.
19. The system of claim 18, wherein the controller is further operable to determine a manifold air temperature of the second bank of cylinders.
20. The system of claim 18, wherein the controller is further operable to:
determine a fuel composition to be injected into at least the first cylinder; and
adjust the operation of the first fuel injector based further on one or both of a fuel diesel content or a natural gas content of the injected fuel composition.