1-90. (canceled)
91. A method for inhibiting \u03b2-amyloid peptide synthesis andor release in a mammalian subject, thereby inhibiting onset of diseases mediated by \u03b2-amyloid peptide, which method comprises administering to said mammalian subject a pharmaceutical composition comprising a pharmaceutically inert carrier and an effective amount of a compound or a mixture of compounds of formula IC:
wherein R1 is selected from the group consisting of:
A) alkyl of from 1 to 10 carbon atoms;
B) alkenyl of from 2 to 10 carbon atoms and 1-2 sites of alkenyl unsaturation;
C) alkynyl of from 2 to 10 carbon atoms and from 1-2 sites of alkynyl unsaturation;
D) cycloalkyl of from 3 to 12 carbon atoms;
E) cycloalkenyl of from 4 to 8 carbon atoms;
F) substituted alkyl of from 1 to 10 carbon atoms, having from 1 to 3 substituents selected from:
1) alkoxy of from 1 to 10 carbon atoms;
2) substituted alkoxy of the formula substituted alkyl-O\u2014 where substituted alkyl is as defined in F herein;
3) cycloalkyl which is as defined in D herein;
4) substituted cycloalkyl is defined in I herein;
5) cycloalkenyl which is defined in E herein;
6) substituted cycloalkenyl which is defined in J herein;
7) acyl selected from alkyl-C(O)\u2014, substituted alkyl-C(O)\u2014, cycloalkyl-C(O)\u2014, substituted cycloalkyl-C(O)\u2014, aryl-C(O)\u2014, heteroaryl-C(O)\u2014 and heterocyclic-C(O)\u2014 wherein alkyl is defined in A herein; wherein substituted alkyl is defined in F herein; wherein cycloalkyl is defined in D herein; wherein substituted cycloalkyl is defined in I herein; wherein aryl is defined in F21 herein; wherein heteroaryl is defined in F22 herein; and wherein heterocyclic is defined in F23 herein;
8) acylamino having the formula \u2014C(O)NRR where each R is independently hydrogen, alkyl, substituted alkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, or heterocyclic wherein alkyl is defined in A herein; wherein substituted alkyl is defined in F herein; wherein aryl is defined in F21 herein; wherein heteroaryl is defined in F22 herein; and wherein heterocyclic is defined in F23 herein;
9) acyloxy selected from alkyl-C(O)O\u2014, substituted alkyl-C(O)O\u2014, cycloalkyl-C(O)O\u2014, aryl-C(O)O\u2014, heteroaryl-C(O)O\u2014, and heterocyclic C(O)O\u2014 wherein alkyl is defined in A herein; wherein substituted alkyl is defined in F herein; wherein cycloalkyl is defined in D herein; wherein aryl is defined in F21 herein; wherein heteroaryl is defined in F22 herein; and wherein heterocyclic is defined in F23 herein;
10) amino;
11) aminoacyl having the formula \u2014NRC(O)R wherein each R is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl, substituted alkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, and heterocyclic; wherein alkyl is defined in A herein; wherein substituted alkyl is defined in F herein; wherein aryl is defined in F21 herein; wherein heteroaryl is defined in F22 herein; and wherein heterocyclic is defined in F23 herein;
12) aminoacyloxy having the formula \u2014NRC(O)OR wherein each R is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl, substituted alkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, and heterocyclic; wherein alkyl is defined in A herein; wherein substituted alkyl is defined in F herein; wherein aryl is defined in F21 herein; wherein heteroaryl is defined in F22 herein; and wherein heterocyclic is defined in F23 herein;
13) cyano;
14) halogen;
15) hydroxyl;
16) carboxyl;
17) carboxylalkyl having the formula \u201c\u2014C(O)Oalkyl\u201d wherein alkyl is defined in A herein;
18) thiol;
19) thioalkoxy having the formula \u2014S-alkyl, wherein alkyl is defined in A herein;
20) substituted thioalkoxy having the formula \u2014S-substituted alkyl, wherein substituted alkyl is defined in F herein;
21) aryl having from 6 to 14 ring carbon atoms, optionally substituted with from 1 to 5 substituents selected from the group consisting of:
a) hydroxy;
b) acyl as defined in F7 herein;
c) acyloxy as defined in F9 herein;
d) alkyl as defined in A herein;
e) substituted alkyl as defined in F herein;
f) alkoxy as defined in F1 herein;
g) substituted alkoxy as defined in F2 herein;
h) alkenyl as defined in B herein;
i) substituted alkenyl as defined in G herein;
j) alkynyl as defined in C herein;
k) substituted alkynyl as defined in H herein;
l) amino;
m) aminoacyl as defined in F11 herein;
n) acylamino as defined in F8 herein;
o) alkaryl of the formula -alkylene-aryl having 8 carbon atoms in the alkylene moiety and aryl is defined in F21 herein;
p) aryl as defined in F21 herein;
q) aryloxy having the formula \u2014O-aryl wherein aryl is defined in F21 herein;
r) azido;
s) carboxyl;
t) carboxylalkyl having the formula \u201c\u2014C(O)Oalkyl\u201d wherein alkyl is defined in A herein;
u) cyano;
v) halo selected from fluoro, chloro, bromo and iodo;
w) nitro;
x) heteroaryl as defined in F22 herein;
y) heterocyclic as defined in F23 herein;
z) aminoacyloxy as defined in F12 herein;
aa) oxyacylamino having the formula \u2014OC(O)NRR where each R is independently hydrogen, alkyl, substituted alkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, or heterocyclic wherein alkyl is defined in A herein; wherein substituted alkyl is defined in F herein; wherein aryl is defined in F21 herein; wherein heteroaryl is defined in F22 herein; and wherein heterocyclic is defined in F23 herein;
bb) thioalkoxy having the formula \u2014S-alkyl, wherein alkyl is defined in A herein;
cc) substituted thioalkoxy having the formula \u2014S-substituted alkyl, wherein substituted alkyl is defined in F herein;
dd) thioaryloxy having the formula \u2014S-aryl wherein aryl is defined in F21 herein;
ee) thioheteroaryloxy having the formula \u2014S-heteroaryl wherein heteroaryl is defined F22 herein;
ff) \u2014SO-alkyl wherein alkyl is defined in A herein;
gg) \u2014SO-substituted alkyl wherein substituted alkyl is defined in F herein;
hh) \u2014SO-aryl wherein aryl is defined in F21 herein;
ii) \u2014SO-heteroaryl wherein heteroaryl is defined in F22 herein;
ii) \u2014SO2-alkyl wherein alkyl is defined in A herein;
kk) \u2014SO2-substituted alkyl wherein substituted alkyl is defined in F herein;
ll) \u2014SO2-aryl wherein aryl is defined in F21 herein;
mm) \u2014SO2-heteroaryl wherein heteroaryl is defined in F22 herein;
nn) trihalomethyl wherein halo is defined in 120 herein;
oo) mono- and dialkylamino wherein alkyl is defined in A herein;
pp) mono- and di-substituted alkylamino wherein substituted alkyl is defined in F herein;
qq) mono- and di-arylamino wherein aryl is defined in F21 herein;
rr) mono- and di-heteroarylamino wherein heteroaryl is defined in F22 herein;
ss) mono- and di-heterocyclicamino wherein heterocyclic is defined in F23 herein;
tt) unsymmetric di-substituted amino having different substituents selected from alkyl, substituted alkyl, aryl, heteroaryl and heterocyclic wherein alkyl is defined in A herein; wherein substituted alkyl is defined in F herein; wherein aryl is defined in F21 herein; wherein heteroaryl is defined in F22 herein; and wherein heterocyclic is defined in F23 herein;
22) heteroaryl of from 1 to 15 ring carbon atoms and 1 to 4 ring heteroatoms selected from oxygen, nitrogen and sulfur, optionally substituted with from 1 to 5 substituents selected from:
a) alkyl as defined in A herein;
b) substituted alkyl as defined in F herein;
c) alkoxy as defined in F1 herein;
d) substituted alkoxy as defined in F2 herein;
e) aryl as defined in F21 herein;
f) aryloxy having the formula \u2014O-aryl wherein aryl is defined in F21 herein;
g) halo selected from fluoro, chloro, bromo and iodo;
h) nitro;
i) heteroaryl as defined in F22 herein;
j) thiol;
k) thioalkoxy having the formula \u2014S-alkyl, wherein alkyl is defined in A herein;
l) substituted thioalkoxy having the formula \u2014S-substituted alkyl, wherein substituted alkyl is defined in F herein;
m) thioaryloxy having the formula \u2014S-aryl wherein aryl is defined in F21 herein; and
n) trihalomethyl wherein halo is defined in 120 herein;
23) heterocyclic of from 1 to 15 ring carbon atoms and from 1 to 4 ring atoms selected from nitrogen, sulfur and oxygen, optionally substituted with from 1 to 5 substituents selected from:
a) alkyl as defined in A herein;
b) substituted alkyl as defined in F herein;
c) alkoxy as defined in F1 herein;
d) substituted alkoxy as defined in F2 herein;
e) aryl as defined in F21 herein;
f) aryloxy having the formula \u2014O-aryl wherein aryl is defined in F21 herein;
g) halo selected from fluoro, chloro, bromo and iodo;
h) nitro;
i) heteroaryl as defined in F22 herein;
j) thiol;
k) thioalkoxy having the formula \u2014S-alkyl, wherein alkyl is defined in A herein;
l) substituted thioalkoxy having the formula \u2014S-substituted alkyl, wherein substituted alkyl is defined in F herein;
m) thioaryloxy having the formula \u2014S-aryl wherein aryl is defined in F21 herein; and
n) trihalomethyl wherein halo is selected from fluoro, chloro, bromo and iodo;
24) aryloxy of the formula \u2014O-aryl wherein aryl is defined in F21 herein;
25) heteroaryloxy of the formula \u2014O-heteroaryl wherein heteroaryl is defined in F22 herein;
26) hydroxyamino;
27) alkoxyamino wherein alkoxy is defined in F1 herein;
28) nitro;
29) \u2014SO-alkyl wherein alkyl is defined in A herein;
30) \u2014SO-substituted alkyl wherein substituted alkyl is defined in F herein;
31) \u2014SO-aryl wherein aryl is defined in F21 herein;
32) \u2014SO-heteroaryl wherein heteroaryl is defined in F22 herein;
33) \u2014SO2-alkyl wherein alkyl is defined in A herein;
34) \u2014SO2-substituted alkyl wherein substituted alkyl is defined in F herein;
35) \u2014SO2-aryl wherein aryl is defined in F21 herein;
36) \u2014SO2-heteroaryl wherein heteroaryl is defined in F22 herein;
37) mono- and dialkylamino wherein alkyl is defined in A herein;
38) mono- and di-substituted alkylamino wherein substituted alkyl is defined in F herein;
39) mono- and di-arylamino wherein aryl is defined in F21 herein;
40) mono- and di-heteroarylamino wherein heteroaryl is defined in F22 herein;
41) mono- and di-heterocyclicamino wherein heterocyclic is defined in F23 herein;
42) unsymmetric di-substituted amino having different substituents selected from alkyl, substituted alkyl, aryl, heteroaryl and heterocyclic wherein alkyl is defined in A herein; wherein substituted alkyl is defined in F herein; wherein aryl is defined in F21 herein; wherein heteroaryl is defined in F22 herein; and wherein heterocyclic is defined in F23 herein;
G) substituted alkenyl having from 1 to 3 substituents selected from the group consisting of:
1) alkoxy as defined in F1 herein;
2) substituted alkoxy as defined in F2 herein;
3) acyl as defined in F7 herein;
4) acylamino as defined in F8 herein;
5) acyloxy as defined in F9 herein;
6) amino;
7) aminoacyl as defined in F11 herein;
8) aminoacyloxy as defined in F12 herein;
9) cyano;
10) halogen selected from fluoro, chloro, bromo and iodo;
11) hydroxyl;
12) carboxyl;
13) carboxylalkyl as defined in F17 herein;
14) thiol;
15) thioalkoxy as defined in F19 herein;
16) substituted thioalkoxy as defined in F20 herein;
17) aryl as defined in F21 herein;
18) heteroaryl as defined in F22 herein;
19) heterocyclic as defined in F23 herein;
20) nitro;
21) \u2014SO-alkyl wherein alkyl is defined in A herein;
22) \u2014SO-substituted alkyl wherein substituted alkyl is defined in F herein;
23) \u2014SO-aryl wherein aryl is defined in F21 herein;
24) \u2014SO-heteroaryl wherein heteroaryl is defined in F22 herein;
25) \u2014SO2-alkyl wherein alkyl is defined in A herein;
26) \u2014SO2-substituted alkyl wherein substituted alkyl is defined in F herein;
27) \u2014SO2-aryl wherein aryl is defined in F21 herein;
28) \u2014SO2-heteroaryl wherein heteroaryl is defined in F22 herein;
29) mono- and dialkylamino wherein alkyl is defined in A herein;
30) mono- and di-substituted alkylamino wherein substituted alkyl is defined in F herein;
31) mono- and di-arylamino wherein aryl is defined in F21 herein;
32) mono- and di-heteroarylamino wherein heteroaryl is defined in F22 herein;
33) mono- and di-heterocyclicamino wherein heterocyclic is defined in F23 herein; and
34) unsymmetric di-substituted amino having different substituents selected from alkyl, substituted alkyl, aryl, heteroaryl and heterocyclic wherein alkyl is defined in A herein; wherein substituted alkyl is defined in F herein; wherein aryl is defined in F21 herein; wherein heteroaryl is defined in F22 herein; and wherein heterocyclic is defined in F23 herein;
H) substituted alkynyl of from 1 to 3 substituents selected from:
1) alkoxy as defined in F1 herein;
2) substituted alkoxy as defined in F2 herein;
3) acyl as defined in F7 herein;
4) acylamino as defined in F8 herein;
5) acyloxy as defined in F9 herein;
6) amino;
7) aminoacyl as defined in F11 herein;
8) aminoacyloxy as defined in F12 herein;
9) cyano;
10) halogen selected from fluoro, chloro, bromo and iodo;
11) hydroxyl;
12) carboxyl;
13) carboxylalkyl as defined in F17 herein;
14) thiol;
15) thioalkoxy as defined in F19 herein;
16) substituted thioalkoxy as defined in F20 herein;
17) aryl as defined in F21 herein;
18) heteroaryl as defined in F22 herein;
19) heterocyclic as defined in F23 herein;
20) nitro;
21) \u2014SO-alkyl wherein alkyl is defined in A herein;
22) \u2014SO-substituted alkyl wherein substituted alkyl is defined in F herein;
23) \u2014SO-aryl wherein aryl is defined in F21 herein;
24) \u2014SO-heteroaryl wherein heteroaryl is defined in F22 herein;
25) \u2014SO2-alkyl wherein alkyl is defined in A herein;
26) \u2014SO2-substituted alkyl wherein substituted alkyl is defined in F herein;
27) \u2014SO2-aryl wherein aryl is defined in F21 herein;
28) \u2014SO2-heteroaryl wherein heteroaryl is defined in F22 herein;
29) mono- and dialkylamino wherein alkyl is defined in A herein;
30) mono- and di-substituted alkylamino wherein substituted alkyl is defined in F herein;
31) mono- and di-arylamino wherein aryl is defined in F21 herein;
32) mono- and di-heteroarylamino wherein heteroaryl is defined in F22 herein;
33) mono- and di-heterocyclicamino wherein heterocyclic is defined in F23 herein; and
34) unsymmetric di-substituted amino having different substituents selected from alkyl, substituted alkyl, aryl, heteroaryl and heterocyclic wherein alkyl is defined in A herein; wherein substituted alkyl is defined in F herein; wherein aryl is defined in F21 herein; wherein heteroaryl is defined in F22 herein; and wherein heterocyclic is defined in F23 herein;
I) substituted cycloalkyl having 3 to 12 carbon atoms and from 1 to 5 substituents selected from the group consisting of:
1) hydroxy;
2) acyl as defined in F7 herein;
3) acyloxy as defined in F9 herein;
4) alkyl as defined in A herein;
5) substituted alkyl as defined in F herein;
6) alkoxy as defined in F1 herein;
7) substituted alkoxy as defined in F2 herein;
8) alkenyl as defined in B herein;
9) substituted alkenyl as defined in G herein;
10) alkynyl as defined in C herein;
11) substituted alkynyl as defined in H herein;
12) amino;
13) aminoacyl as defined in F11 herein;
14) alkaryl of the formula -alkylene-aryl having 8 carbon atoms in the alkylene moiety and aryl is defined in F21 herein;
15) aryl as defined in F21 herein;
16) aryloxy having the formula \u2014O-aryl wherein aryl is defined in F21 herein;
17) carboxyl;
18) carboxylalkyl having the formula \u201c\u2014C(O)Oalkyl\u201d wherein alkyl is defined in A herein;
19) cyano;
20) halo selected from fluoro, chloro, bromo and iodo;
21) nitro;
22) heteroaryl as defined in F22 herein;
23) thioalkoxy as defined in F19 herein;
24) substituted thioalkoxy as defined in F20 herein; and
25) trihalomethyl wherein halo is selected from fluoro, chloro, bromo and iodo;
J) substituted cycloalkenyl having from 4 to 8 carbon atoms and from 1 to 5 substituents selected from the group consisting of:
1) hydroxy;
2) acyl as defined in F7 herein;
3) acyloxy as defined in F9 herein;
4) alkyl as defined in A herein;
5) substituted alkyl as defined in F herein;
6) alkoxy as defined in F1 herein;
7) substituted alkoxy as defined in F2 herein;
8) alkenyl as defined in B herein;
9) substituted alkenyl as defined in G herein;
10) alkynyl as defined in C herein;
11) substituted alkynyl as defined in H herein;
12) amino;
13) aminoacyl as defined in F11 herein;
14) alkaryl of the formula -alkylene-aryl having 8 carbon atoms in the alkylene moiety and aryl is defined in F21 herein;
15) aryl as defined in F21 herein;
16) aryloxy having the formula \u2014O-aryl wherein aryl is defined in F21 herein;
17) carboxyl;
18) carboxylalkyl having the formula \u201c\u2014C(O)Oalkyl\u201d wherein alkyl is defined in A herein;
19) cyano;
20) halo selected from fluoro, chloro, bromo and iodo;
21) nitro;
22) heteroaryl as defined in F22 herein;
23) thioalkoxy as defined in F19 herein;
24) substituted thioalkoxy as defined in F20 herein; and
25) trihalomethyl wherein halo is selected from fluoro, chloro, bromo and iodo;
K) aryl as defined in F21 herein;
L) heteroaryl as defined in F22 herein; and
M) heterocyclic as defined in F23 herein;
wherein Q is selected from the group consisting of:
wherein Ra is selected from the group consisting of alkyl as defined in A herein, substituted alkyl as defined in F herein, alkoxy as defined in F1 herein, substituted alkoxy as define din F2 herein, amino, carboxyl, carboxylalkyl as defined in F17 herein, cyano, and halo;
Rb is selected from the group consisting of alkyl as defined in A herein, substituted alkyl as defined in F herein, alkenyl as defined in B herein, substituted alkenyl as defined in G herein, alkynyl as defined in C herein, substituted alkynyl as defined in H herein, acyl as defined in F7 herein, aryl as defined in F21 herein, heteroaryl as defined in F22 herein, and heterocyclic as defined in F23 herein;
each V is independently selected from the group consisting of hydroxy, acyl as defined in F7 herein, acyloxy as defined in F9 herein, alkyl as defined in A herein, substituted alkyl as defined in F herein, alkoxy as defined in F1 herein, substituted alkoxy as defined in F2 herein, alkenyl as defined in B herein, substituted alkenyl as defined in G herein, alkynyl as defined in C herein, substituted alkynyl as defined in H herein, amino, aminoacyl as defined in F11 herein, alkaryl as defined in F21 herein, aryl as defined in F21 herein, aryloxy as defined in F21 herein, carboxyl, carboxyalkyl as defined in F17 herein, cyano, halo, nitro, heteroaryl as defined in F22 herein, thioalkoxy as defined in F22 herein, substituted thioalkoxy as defined in F22 herein, and trihalomethyl as defined in F22 herein;
t is an integer from 0 to 4;
w is an integer from 0 to 3;
or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof.
92. The method according to claim 91, wherein Q is:
wherein Ra is selected from the group consisting of alkyl as defined in A herein, substituted alkyl as defined in F herein, alkoxy as defined in F1 herein, substituted alkoxy as define din F2 herein, amino, carboxyl, carboxylalkyl as defined in F17 herein, cyano, and halo;
Rb is selected from the group consisting of alkyl, substituted alkyl, alkenyl, substituted alkenyl, alkynyl, substituted alkynyl, acyl, aryl, heteroaryl, and heterocyclic;
each V is independently selected from the group consisting of hydroxy, acyl, acyloxy, alkyl, substituted alkyl, alkoxy, substituted alkoxy, alkenyl, substituted alkenyl, alkynyl, substituted alkynyl, amino, aminoacyl, alkaryl, aryl, aryloxy, carboxyl, carboxyalkyl, cyano, halo, nitro, heteroaryl, thioalkoxy, substituted thioalkoxy, and trihalomethyl;
t is an integer from 0 to 4;
or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof.
93. The method according to claim 91, wherein Q is:
wherein Ra is selected from the group consisting of alkyl as defined in A herein, substituted alkyl as defined in F herein, alkoxy as defined in F1 herein, substituted alkoxy as define din F2 herein, amino, carboxyl, carboxylalkyl as defined in F17 herein, cyano, and halo;
Rb is selected from the group consisting of alkyl, substituted alkyl, alkenyl, substituted alkenyl, alkynyl, substituted alkynyl, acyl, aryl, heteroaryl, and heterocyclic;
each V is independently selected from the group consisting of hydroxy, acyl, acyloxy, alkyl, substituted alkyl, alkoxy, substituted alkoxy, alkenyl, substituted alkenyl, alkynyl, substituted alkynyl, amino, aminoacyl, alkaryl, aryl, aryloxy, carboxyl, carboxyalkyl, cyano, halo, nitro, heteroaryl, thioalkoxy, substituted thioalkoxy, and trihalomethyl;
t is an integer from 0 to 4;
or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof.
94. The method according to claim 91, wherein Q is:
wherein Ra is selected from the group consisting of alkyl as defined in A herein, substituted alkyl as defined in F herein, alkoxy as defined in F1 herein, substituted alkoxy as define din F2 herein, amino, carboxyl, carboxylalkyl as defined in F17 herein, cyano, and halo;
Rb is selected from the group consisting of alkyl as defined in A herein, substituted alkyl as defined in F herein, alkenyl as defined in B herein, substituted alkenyl as defined in G herein, alkynyl as defined in C herein, substituted alkynyl as defined in H herein, acyl as defined in F7 herein, aryl as defined in F21 herein, heteroaryl as defined in F22 herein, and heterocyclic as defined in F23 herein;
w is an integer from 0 to 3;
or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof.
95. The method according to claim 91, wherein R1 is optionally substituted aryl or optionally substituted heteroaryl.
96. The method according to claim 91, wherein R1 is selected from the group consisting of:
A) phenyl;
B) a substituted phenyl group of the formula:
wherein Rb\u2033 is selected from the group consisting of acyl, alkyl, alkoxy, alkylalkoxy, azido, cyano, halo, hydrogen, nitro, trihalomethyl, thioalkoxy, and wherein Rb\u2032\u2033 and Rb\u2033 are fused to form an optionally substituted heteroaryl or an optionally substituted heterocyclic ring with the phenyl ring wherein the optionally substituted heteroaryl or optionally substituted heterocyclic ring contains from 3 to 8 atoms of which from 1 to 3 heteroatoms independently selected from the group consisting of oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfur;
Rb\u2032\u2033 and Rb\u2032 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halo, nitro, cyano, trihalomethyl, alkoxy, and thioalkoxy with the proviso that when Rb\u2032\u2033 is hydrogen, then Rb\u2032\u2033 and Rb\u2032 are either both hydrogen or both substituents other than hydrogen;
C) 2-naphthyl;
D) 2-naphthyl substituted at the 4, 5, 6, 7, andor 8 positions with 1 to 5 substituents selected from the group consisting of alkyl, alkoxy, halo, cyano, nitro, trihalomethyl, thioalkoxy, aryl, and heteroaryl;
E) heteroaryl; and
F) substituted heteroaryl containing 1 to 3 substituents selected from the group consisting of alkyl, alkoxy, aryl, aryloxy, cyano, halo, nitro, heteroaryl, thioalkoxy, and thioaryloxy, provided that said substituents are not ortho to the heteroaryl attachment to the \u2014NH group.
97. The method according to claim 91, wherein R1 is selected from the group consisting of mono-, di-, and tri-substituted phenyl groups.
98. The method according to claim 97, wherein R1 is a monosubstituted phenyl selected from the group consisting of 4-azidophenyl, 4-bromophenyl, 4-chlorophenyl, 4-cyanophenyl, 4-ethylphenyl, 4-fluorophenyl, 4-iodophenyl, 4-(phenylcarbonyl)-phenyl, and 4-(1-ethoxy)ethylphenyl.
99. The method according to claim 97, wherein R1 is a disubstituted phenyl selected from the group consisting of 3,5-dichlorophenyl, 3,5-difluorophenyl, 3,5-di(trifluoromethyl)-phenyl, 3,4-dichlorophenyl, 3,4-difluorophenyl, 3-(trifluoromethyl)-4-chlorophenyl, 3-chloro-4-cyanophenyl, 3-chloro-4-iodophenyl, and 3,4-methylenedioxyphenyl.
100. The method according to claim 97, wherein R1 is a trisubstituted phenyl selected from the group consisting of 3,4,5-trifluorophenyl and 3,4,5-tricholorophenyl.
101. The method according to claim 91, wherein R1 is selected from 2-naphthyl, quinolin-3-yl, 2-methylquinolin-6-yl, benzothiazol-6-yl, 5-indolyl, and phenyl.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
What is claimed is:
1. An oil separator for an engine, which is configured to separate a liquid from a gas, comprising:
a tubular oil chamber provided with its center axis extending substantially in a vertical direction, the oil chamber having closed upper and lower opening ends;
an air-fuel mixture transport pipe connected to a peripheral portion of the oil chamber so as to communicate with an inner space thereof, the air-fuel mixture transport pipe being configured to transport a liquid air-fuel mixture into the oil chamber;
a gas discharge pipe connected to an upper end portion of the oil chamber so as to communicate with the inner space thereof, to allow the gas to be discharged from the oil chamber through the gas discharge pipe; and
a liquid discharge pipe connected to a lower end portion of the oil chamber so as to communicate with the inner space thereof, to allow the liquid to be discharged from the oil chamber through the liquid discharge pipe, wherein
a connecting end portion of the gas discharge pipe opens downwardly within the oil chamber, and
a connecting end portion of the air-fuel mixture transport pipe is placed in the vicinity of an inner peripheral face of the oil chamber so as to open in a circumferential direction of the oil chamber.
2. The oil separator for an engine according to claim 1, wherein the connecting end portion of the gas discharge pipe protrudes into the inner space of the oil chamber, and the air-fuel mixture transport pipe opens at a location higher than an opening end of the gas discharge pipe.
3. The oil separator for an engine according to claim 1, further comprising:
a separating member provided in the inner space within the oil chamber to define a first space on an upper side and a second space on a lower side, wherein
the separating member is provided with a penetrating hole to allow the first space and the second space to communicate with each other, an upper end portion of a pipe member is connected to a lower face of the separating member so as to communicate with the penetrating hole, and a lower end portion of the pipe member opens downwardly,
the connecting end portion of the gas discharge pipe protrudes into the first space, and
the connecting end portion of the air-fuel mixture transport pipe communicates with the second space and is located higher than the lower end portion of the pipe member.
4. The oil separator for an engine according to claim 3, wherein the penetrating hole has a diameter smaller than a diameter of the upper end portion of the pipe member.
5. The oil separator for an engine according to claim 3, wherein the connecting end portion of the gas discharge pipe has a diameter smaller than a diameter of the lower end portion of the pipe member.
6. The oil separator for an engine according to claim 1, wherein the oil chamber is configured such that opening ends of a tubular member are closed by closing members having an identical shape.
7. The oil separator for an engine according to claim 6, wherein the tubular member is cylindrical.
8. The oil separator for an engine according to claim 1, wherein the liquid air-fuel mixture is a blow-by gas of the engine.
9. The oil separator for an engine according to claim 1, being equipped in the engine mounted in a jet-propulsion personal watercraft.
10. A personal watercraft comprising:
a body formed by a hull and a deck;
an engine body mounted in the body;
an air-intake system configured to draw air taken in from outside into the engine body; and
an oil separator configured to separate a blow-by gas discharged from the engine body into a gas and a liquid, the oil separator including:
a tubular oil chamber provided with its center axis extending substantially in a vertical direction, the oil chamber having closed upper and lower opening ends;
an air-fuel mixture transport pipe connected to a peripheral portion of the oil chamber so as to communicate with an inner space thereof, the air-fuel mixture transport pipe being configured to transport the blow-by gas from the engine body into the oil chamber;
a blow-by gas discharge pipe connected to an upper end portion of the oil chamber so as to communicate with the inner space thereof, to allow the blow-by gas to be discharged from the oil chamber through the blow-by gas discharge pipe; and
an oil discharge pipe connected to a lower end portion of the oil chamber so as to communicate with the inner space thereof, to allow the oil to be discharged from the oil chamber through the oil discharge pipe, wherein
a connecting end portion of the blow-by gas discharge pipe opens downwardly within the oil chamber, and a connecting end portion of the air-fuel mixture transport pipe is placed in the vicinity of an inner peripheral face of the oil chamber so as to open in a circumferential direction of the oil chamber, wherein
at least part of the air-intake system is located on a first side of right and left sides of the body with respect to the engine body, the oil chamber of the oil separator is placed on a second side of the right and left sides with respect to the engine body, and the blow-by gas discharge pipe extends from the oil chamber to the part of the air-intake system located on the first side with respect to the engine body.