All The Claims

1. A process for obtaining color changes on dyed textile substrates by treating the dyed textile substrates with an electrochemically generated aqueous solution of reducing or oxidizing agents, which comprises controlling the cell current in such a way that the solution, when in contact with the dyed textile substrate, has a suitable redox potential to obtain the color change.
2. The process of claim 1, wherein the aqueous solution of reducing or oxidizing agent is generated in an electrolytic cell which is constructed as a flowthrough cell and which communicates directly with a treatment assembly into which the aqueous solution containing the reducing or oxidizing agent is pumped and in which the color change on the dyed textile substrate is generated.
3. The process of claim 1, wherein the aqueous solution of reducing or oxidizing agent is generated in an electrolytic cell which is constructed as a treatment assembly in which the color change on the dyed textile substrate is generated.
4. The process of claim 1, wherein the redox potential is +100 to +2000 mV in the case of oxidations and \u2212300 to \u22121800 mV in the case of reductions.
5. The process of claim 1, wherein inorganic reducing or oxidizing agents are used.
6. The process of claim 1, wherein the reducing agent used is cathodically generated from a reversible redox system.
7. The process of claim 6, wherein the reductive redox system used comprises
cathodically generated metal complexes with inorganic or organic ligands and in which the metal is present in a low, reduced, valency state,
substituted anthraquinone compounds,
tin(II) compounds, in alkaline solutions, or
dithionite generated by cathodic reduction, in weakly acidic solution.
8. The process of claim 1, wherein the oxidizing agent used is anodically generated from a reversible redox system.
9. The process of claim 8, wherein the oxidative redox system used comprises
halogen-oxygen compounds,
metal complexes with inorganic or organic ligands and in which the metal is present in a high oxidized, valency state,
cycloaliphatic, heterocyclic or aromatic compounds which contain an NO, NOH or HNR\u2014OH group, or
hydrogen peroxide generated cathodically by oxygen reduction or other electrochemically regenerable inorganic or organic peroxo compounds.
10. The process of claim 6, wherein the redox systems are used in the concentration range from 0.1 mmoll to 5 moll.
11. The process of claim 3, wherein the redox potential is +400 to +1600 mV in the case of oxidations and \u2212400 to \u22121200 mV in the case of reductions.
12. The process of claim 6, wherein the reductive redox system used comprises
cathodically generated metal complexes with inorganic or organic ligands and in which the metal is present in iron(II) or tin(II) complexes with inorganic or organic ligands,
substituted anthraquinone compounds,
hexahydroxystannite in alkaline solutions, or
dithionite generated by cathodic reduction, in weakly acidic solution.
13. The process of claim 6, wherein the reductive redox system used comprises
cathodically generated metal complexes with inorganic or organic ligands and in which the metal is present in iron(II) complexes containing a 2-hydroxyethyl group or a polyhydroxycarboxylic acid in the ligand,
1,2-dihydroxyanthraquinone or anthraquinonesulfonic acids,
hexahydroxystannite in alkaline solutions, or
dithionite generated by cathodic reduction, in weakly acidic solution.
14. The process of claim 8, wherein the oxidative redox system used comprises
hypochlorite and hypobromite,
metal complexes with inorganic or organic ligands and in which the metal is present in a metal complexes of iron(II) and of manganese(III) with inorganic or organic ligands,
2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-1-yloxyl (TEMPO) and violuric acid or
hydrogen peroxide generated cathodically by oxygen reduction or other electrochemically regenerable inorganic or organic peroxo compounds.
15. The process of claim 8, wherein the oxidative redox system used comprises
hypochlorite and hypobromite,
metal complexes with inorganic or organic ligands and in which the metal is present in a metal complexes of iron(III) 2,2\u2032-dipyridyl, Fe(III) hexacyanoferrate and Mn(III) transcyclohexane-1,2-diamine-N,N,N\u2032,N\u2032-tetraacetate,
2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-1-yloxyl (TEMPO) and violuric acid or
hydrogen peroxide generated cathodically by oxygen reduction or other electrochemically regenerable inorganic or organic peroxo compounds.
16. The process of claim 9, wherein the redox systems are used in the concentration range between 1 mmoll and 0.1 moll.

The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.

1. An resilient packet ring (RPR) device, which is connected to one or more rings to constitute an RPR network, comprising:
a storage unit for registering a correspondence between RPR device addresses, each indicating an RPR device connected to said one or more rings and user device addresses, each indicating a user device accommodated in the RPR device;
a transfer control unit receiving data, which is addressed to a predetermined user device, from a user device accommodated in the RPR device itself, and when an RPR device address of an RPR device accommodating the predetermined user device is registered in the storage unit, adding an RPR header, in which the RPR device address is set as a destination RPR device address, to the data; and
a unit transmitting the data with the RPR header to the RPR network.
2. The RPR device according to claim 1, further comprising:
a receiving unit receiving the data with the RPR header from the RPR network; and
an address learning unit receiving at least a transmission source address of the data with the RPR header and a transmission source RPR device address set for the RPR header from the receiving unit, and when the transmission source address is not registered in the storage unit, registering correspondence between the transmission source address and the transmission source RPR device address to the storage unit.
3. The RPR device according to claim 2, wherein the address learning unit includes:
a judgment unit judging whether or not the transmission source address of the data with the RPR header received by the receiving unit is registered in the storage unit; and
a registration unit, when the transmission source address of the data with the RPR header is not stored, registering a correspondence between the transmission source address of the data with the RPR header and the transmission source RPR device address set for the RPR header to the storage unit.
4. The RPR device according to claim 1, wherein the transfer control unit includes:
a retrieving unit retrieving a corresponding RPR device address from the storage unit by using, as a retrieval key, a transmission destination address of the data addressed to the predetermined user device; and
an adding unit, when the corresponding RPR device address is retrieved, adding the RPR header, in which the corresponding RPR device address is set as the destination RPR device address, to the data.
5. The RPR device according to claim 2, wherein the receiving unit does not pass at least the transmission source address of the data and the transmission source RPR device address set for the RPR header to the address learning means, when a group identifier set for the data with the RPR header received from the RPR network is not coincident with a group identifier of a group to which the user device accommodated in the RPR device itself belongs.
6. The RPR device according to claim 1, wherein the user device address and the RPR device address include media access control (MAC) addresses.
7. The RPR device according to claim 5, wherein the group identifier includes a layer 2 grouping identifier.
8. The RPR device according to claim 7, wherein the layer 2 grouping identifier comprises a virtual local area network (VLAN) ID.
9. A resilient packet ring (RPR) network system, comprising:
a plurality of RPR devices including first and second RPR devices each accommodating one or more user devices; and one or more rings to which the RPR divides are connected,
the first RPR device, when receiving, from a first user device accommodated in the first RPR device itself, a broadcast packet desiring an arrival at a second user device accommodated in the second RPR device, adding an RPR header, in which a transmission source RPR device address is an address of the first RPR device and a destination RPR device address is a broadcast address, to the packet to be transmitted to an RPR network,
the second RPR device, when receiving the packet with the RPR header from the first RPR device via the RPR network, on the basis of the transmission source RPR device address in the RPR header and the address of the first user device set as the transmission source address for the packet, learning that the first RPR device accommodates the first user device, removing the RPR header from the packet, and transmitting the packet to the second user device,
the second RPR device, when receiving a packet addressed to the first user device from the second user device, adding an RPR header, in which the RPR device address of the first RPR device that has been already learned is set as the destination RPR device address, to the packet to be transmitted to the RPR network, and
the first RPR device, when receiving the packet with the RPR header from the second RPR device via the RPR network, transmitting the packet to the first user device after removing the RPR header from the packet.
10. The RPR network system according to claim 9, wherein the first RPR device, when receiving the packet with the RPR header from the second RPR device, on the basis of the RPR device address of the second RPR device set as the transmission source RPR device address for the RPR header, and the address of the second user device set as the transmission source address of the packet, learning that the second RPR device accommodates the second user device, and
when receiving the packet, in which the address of the second user device is set as the destination address, from the first user device, transmitting the packet to the RPR network after adding the RPR header, in which the RPR device address of the second RPR device that has been already learned is set as the destination RPR device address.
11. The RPR network system according to claim 10, wherein an RPR device relaying the packet with the RPR header, which is transferred between the first RPR device and the second RPR device, when receiving the packet with the RPR header from the first or second RPR device, on the basis of a transmission source RPR device address and a transmission source address set for the packet with the RPR header, learning that a user device specified by the transmission source address is accommodated in an RPR device specified by the transmission source RPR device address.
12. The RPR network system according to claim 11, wherein a packet, which is transmitted and received between user devices, which are accommodated in different RPR devices, includes a layer 2 grouping identifier indicating a layer 2 group to which the user devices respectively belong; and
each of the plurality of RPR devices holds the layer 2 grouping identifier of the user devices accommodated in the RPR device itself, and when a layer 2 grouping identifier different from the layer 2 grouping identifier held by the RPR device itself is set for the packet with the RPR header received from the RPR network, does not perform capturing the packet with the RPR header and the learning.
13. A data transfer method for a resilient packet ring (RPR) device that is connected to one or more rings to constitute an RPR network, the method comprising:
receiving data addressed to a predetermined user device, which is received from a user device accommodated in the RPR device itself;
when an RPR device address of an RPR device accommodating the predetermined user device is registered in a storage unit for registering a correspondence between an RPR device address, each indicating an RPR device connected to said one or more rings, and user device addresses, each indicating a user device accommodated in the RPR device, adding the RPR header in which the RPR device address is set as the destination RPR device address, to the data; and
transmitting the data with the RPR header to the RPR network.
14. The data transfer method for an RPR device according to claim 13, further comprising:
receiving the data with the RPR header from the RPR network; and
when a transmission source address of the received data is not registered in the storage unit, registering a correspondence between the transmission source address and a transmission source RPR device address to the storage unit.
15. The data transfer method for an RPR device according to claim 14, further comprising:
judging whether or not the transmission source address of the data with the RPR header received from the RPR network is registered in the storage unit; and
when the transmission source address is not stored, registering a correspondence between the transmission source address and a transmission source RPR device address set for the RPR header to the storage unit.
16. The data transfer method for an RPR device according to claim 13, further comprising:
retrieving a corresponding RPR device address by using, as a retrieval key, a transmission destination address of the data addressed to the predetermined user device; and
when the corresponding RPR device address is retrieved, adding the RPR header, in which the corresponding RPR device address is set as the destination RPR device address, to the data.
17. The data transfer method for an RPR device according to claim 14, wherein when a group identifier set for the data with the RPR header received from the RPR network is not coincident with a group identifier assigned to the user device accommodated in the RPR device itself, a process for registering a transmission source address of the data and a transmission source RPR device address set for the RPR header to the storage unit is not performed.
18. The data transfer method for an RPR device according to claim 13, wherein the user device address and the RPR device address includes media access control (MAC) addresses.
19. The data transfer method for an RPR device according to claim 17, wherein the group identifier comprises a layer 2 grouping identifier.
20. The data transfer method for an RPR device according to claim 19, wherein the layer 2 grouping identifier comprises a virturl local area network (VLAN) ID.
21. A data transfer method for a resilient packet ring (RPR) network system in which a plurality of RPR devices including first and second RPR devices accommodating one or more user devices are connected to one or more rings to constitute an RPR network, the method comprising:
when the first RPR device receives a broadcast packet desiring an arrival at a second user device accommodated in the second RPR device from a first user device accommodated in the first RPR device, the first RPR device transmitting the packet to the RPR network after adding an RPR header to the packet, the RPR header having an RPR device address of the first RPR device as a transmission source address and a broadcast address as a destination address;
when the second RPR device receives the packet with the RPR header from the first RPR device via the RPR network, the second RPR decvice, based on the transmission source RPR device address of the RPR header and an address of the first user device set as the transmission source address for the packet, learning that the first RPR device accommodates the first user device and transmitting the packet to the second user device after removing the RPR header from the packet;
when the second RPR device receives a packet addressed to the first user device from the second user device, the second RPR device adding the RPR header, in which the RPR device address of the first RPR device that has been already learned is set as the destination RPR device address, to the packet and transmitting the packet with the RPR header to the RPR network; and
when the first RPR device receives the packet with the RPR header from the second RPR device via the RPR network, the first RPR device the packet to the first user device after removing the RPR header from the packet.
22. The data transfer method for an RPR network system according to claim 21, further comprising:
when the first RPR device receives the packet with the RPR header from the second RPR device, the first RPR device, based on the RPR device address of the second RPR device set as the transmission source RPR device address for the RPR header, and the address of the second user device set as the transmission source address of the packet, learning that the second RPR device accommodates the second user device; and
when the first RPR device receives a packet in which the address of the second user device as a destination address is set from the first user device, the first RPR device adding an RPR header, in which the RPR device address of the second RPR device that has been already learned is set as the destination RPR device address, to the packet, and transmitting the packet with the RPR header to the RPR network.
23. The data transfer method for an RPR network system according to claim 22, further comprising, when an RPR device for relaying the packet with the RPR header, which is transferred between the first RPR device and the second RPR device, receives the packet with the RPR header from the first or second RPR device, the RPR device, based on a transmission source RPR device address and a transmission source address set for the packet with the RPR header, learning that a user device specified by the transmission source address is accommodated in an RPR device specified by the transmission source RPR device address.
24. The data transfer method for an RPR network system according to claim 23, wherein a packet, which is transmitted and received between user devices, which are accommodated in different RPR devices, includes a layer 2 grouping identifier indicating a layer 2 group to which the user devices respectively belong; and
each of the plurality of RPR devices holds the layer 2 grouping identifier of the user devices accommodated in the RPR device itself, and when a layer 2 grouping identifier different from the layer 2 grouping identifier held by the RPR device itself is set for the packet with the RPR header received from the RPR network, does not perform capturing the packet with the RPR header and the learning.

1. A method of managing bandwidth in a content delivery system, the method comprising:
identifying two or more content items which are associated with at least some common content and which are temporally related;
determining a relative priority of at least some of the identified content items; and
allowing a receiver requesting the content associated with a lower priority content item to access a multicast associated with a higher priority content item,
wherein allowing a receiver requesting the content associated with a lower priority content item to access a multicast associated with a higher priority content item comprises mapping a virtual channel associated with the higher priority content item and a virtual channel associated with the lower priority content item to a common transmission channel during a time when the two or more content items are associated with at least some common content.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein identifying two or more content items which are associated with at least some common content and which are temporally related comprises:
identifying two or more broadcast streams in which at least some common content is scheduled for broadcast at a common start time.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein the content items comprise programming data for a plurality of broadcast streams and identifying two or more broadcast streams in which at least some common content is scheduled for broadcast at a common time comprises parsing the programming data.
4. The method of claim 2, wherein determining a relative priority of at least some of the identified content items comprises:
determining the relative priority of at least some of the identified content items with reference to prioritization data, the prioritization data specifying relative priorities of two or more broadcast streams.
5. The method of claim 4, wherein the prioritization data is signal substitution data which specifies that content items associated with one or more domestic broadcast streams are to be prioritized higher than content items associated with one or more foreign broadcast streams.
6. The method of claim 2, wherein allowing a receiver requesting the content associated with a lower priority content item to access a multicast associated with a higher priority content item comprises:
receiving, from a receiver during the time when the two or more broadcast streams associated with common content are being broadcast, a request to provide content associated with the lower priority content item to the receiver and, in response, providing the content associated with the higher priority content item to the receiver.
7. The method of claim 6, wherein providing the content associated with the higher priority content item to the receiver comprises:
instructing the receiver to tune into a frequency associated with a transmission channel used for transmitting the content associated with the higher priority content item.
8. The method of claim 2, wherein determining a relative priority of at least some of the content items comprises:
determining a signal quality of the content associated with the identified content items; and
determining a relative priority of at least some of the content items based on the signal quality of the content associated with the content items.
9. A bandwidth management system comprising:
at least one processor;
a memory coupled to the at least one processor, the memory having stored thereon processor executable instructions which, when executed by the processor cause the processor to:
identify two or more content items which are associated with at least some common content and which are temporally related;
determine a relative priority of at least some of the identified content items; and
allow a receiver requesting the content associated with a lower priority content item to access a multicast associated with a higher priority content item,
wherein allowing a receiver requesting the content associated with a lower priority content item to access a multicast associated with a higher priority content item comprises mapping a virtual channel associated with the higher priority content item and a virtual channel associated with the lower priority content item to a common transmission channel during a time when the two or more content items are associated with at least some common content.
10. The bandwidth management system of claim 9, wherein identifying two or more content items which are associated with at least some common content and which are temporally related comprises:
identifying two or more broadcast streams in which at least some common content is scheduled for broadcast at a common start time.
11. The bandwidth management system of claim 9, wherein the content items comprise programming data for a plurality of broadcast streams and identifying two or more broadcast streams in which at least some common content is scheduled for broadcast at a common time comprises parsing the programming data.
12. The bandwidth management system of claim 9, wherein determining a relative priority of at least some of the identified content items comprises:
determining the relative priority of at least some of the identified content items with reference to prioritization data, the prioritization data specifying relative priorities of two or more broadcast streams.
13. The bandwidth management system of claim 12, wherein the prioritization data is signal substitution data which specifies that content items associated with one or more domestic broadcast streams are to be prioritized higher than content items associated with one or more foreign broadcast streams.
14. The bandwidth management system of claim 9, wherein allowing a receiver requesting the content associated with a lower priority content item to access a multicast associated with a higher priority content item comprises:
receiving, from a receiver during the time when the two or more broadcast streams associated with common content are being broadcast, a request to provide content associated with the lower priority content item to the receiver and, in response, providing the content associated with the higher priority content item to the receiver.
15. The bandwidth management system of claim 14, wherein providing the content associated with the higher priority content item to the receiver comprises:
instructing the receiver to tune into a frequency associated with a transmission channel used for transmitting the content associated with the higher priority content item.
16. The bandwidth management system of claim 9, wherein determining a relative priority of at least some of the content items comprises:
determining a signal quality of the content associated with the identified content items; and
determining a relative priority of at least some of the content items based on the signal quality of the content associated with the content items.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.

1. A heating panel, comprising upper and lower plates integrally formed to face each other so as to form an inner fluid pathway in which heating water flows; a plurality of connecting members, each symmetrically extending from the upper and lower plates toward the lower and upper plates, respectively, and connecting the upper and lower plates to each other; the inner fluid pathway formed at an inside of the plates by means of the plurality of connecting members; and two fluid communication portions for supplying and discharging the heating water,
wherein one or more connecting members adjacent to the fluid communication portions are punctured to form holes such that the holes are filled with a melted plastic resin, and the melted plastic resin is integrated with the connecting members by pressing.
2. The heating panel according to claim 1, wherein the plastic resin is polypropylene resin or fiber reinforced plastic.