All The Claims

What is claimed is:

1. A process for forming a laminate comprising in order
a layer of an aramid paper,
a layer of polymer and
a layer of an aramid paper
comprising the steps of
a) calendering an aramid paper between two rolls which differ by a temperature of at least 20 degrees centigrade wherein a surface of the paper exposed to a lower roll temperature is more porous than an opposite surface exposed to a higher roll temperature,
b) calendering an aramid paper between two rolls which differ by a temperature of at least 20 degrees centigrade wherein a surface of the paper exposed to a lower roll temperature is more porous than an opposite surface exposed to a higher roll temperature,
c) applying polymer to the more porous surface of the aramid paper from step a) and
e) laminating the aramid paper from step b) onto the polymer wherein the more porous surface of the aramid paper contacts the polymer.
2. The process of claim 1 wherein the aramid papers obtained from step a) and step b) are identical.
3. The process of claim 1 wherein the aramid papers obtained from step a) and step b) differ.
4. The process of claim 1 wherein the polymer application in step c) employs molten polymer.
5. The process of claim 1 wherein at least one of the papers of step a) and step b) comprises poly (m-phenylene isophthalamide).
6. The process of claim 1 wherein the polymer of step c) comprises poly (ethylene terephthalate) or copolymer thereof.
7. The process of claim 1 wherein the polymer is applied simultaneously to the surface of the papers at the nip of a pair of rolls.
8. The process of claim 1 wherein the temperature difference in at least one of a) and b) is at least 50 degrees centigrade.
9. The process of claim 1 wherein the temperature difference in at least one of a) and b) is at least 100 degrees centigrade.
10. The process of claim 1 wherein at least one of the rolls in a) or b) is above the glass transition temperature of the aramid.
11. A process for forming a laminate comprising in order
a layer of an aramid paper,
a layer of polymer and
a layer of an aramid paper
comprising the steps of
a) calendering an aramid paper between two rolls which differ by a temperature of at least 20 degrees centigrade wherein a surface of the paper exposed to a lower roll temperature is more porous than an opposite surface exposed to a higher roll temperature,
b) calendering an aramid paper between two rolls which differ by a temperature of at least 20 degrees centigrade wherein a surface of the paper exposed to a lower roll temperature is more porous than an opposite surface exposed to a higher roll temperature,
c) applying molten polymer to the more porous surfaces of the aramid paper from step a) and step b), and
d) laminating the two papers and polymer together.
12. The process of claim 11 wherein the polymer is applied simultaneously to the surface of the papers at the nip of a pair of rolls.
13. The process of claim 11 wherein the polymer of step c) comprises polyethylene terephthalate or copolymer thereof.
14. A process for forming a laminate comprising in order
a layer of an aramid paper,
a first layer of polymer,
at least one intermediate layer,
a second layer of polymer, and
a second layer of an aramid paper
comprising the steps of
a) calendering an aramid paper between two rolls which differ by a temperature of at least 20 degrees centigrade wherein a surface of the paper exposed to a lower roll temperature is more porous than an opposite surface exposed to a higher roll temperature,
b) calendering an aramid paper between two rolls which differ by a temperature of at least 20 degrees centigrade wherein a surface of the paper exposed to a lower roll temperature is more porous than an opposite surface exposed to a higher roll temperature,
c) applying polymer to the more porous surface of the aramid paper from step a) and
d) applying polymer to the more porous surface of the aramid paper from step b,
e) laminating the aramid paper from steps (c) and (d) and the intermediate layer.
15. A process for forming a laminate comprising in order
a layer of an aramid paper,
a first layer of polymer,
at least one intermediate layer of polymer,
a second layer of polymer, and
a second layer of an aramid paper
comprising the steps of
a) calendering an aramid paper between two rolls which differ by a temperature of at least 20 degrees centigrade wherein a surface of the paper exposed to a lower roll temperature is more porous than an opposite surface exposed to a higher roll temperature,
b) calendering an aramid paper between two rolls which differ by a temperature of at least 20 degrees centigrade wherein a surface of the paper exposed to a lower roll temperature is more porous than an opposite surface exposed to a higher roll temperature,
c) applying the first and second layers of polymer with the intermediate polymer layer therebetween to the porous surface of the aramid paper from step a) and step b), and
e) laminating the two papers and polymer layers together.
16. A process for forming a laminate comprising in order
a layer of an aramid paper, and
a layer of polymer and
comprising the steps of
a) calendering an aramid paper between two rolls which differ by a temperature of at least 20 degrees centigrade wherein a surface of the paper exposed to a lower roll temperature is more porous than an opposite surface exposed to a higher roll temperature,
b) applying polymer to the more porous surface of the calendered aramid paper.
17. A process for forming a laminate of claim 15 wherein the two rolls differ by a temperature of at least 50 degrees centigrade.
18. A process for forming a laminate of claim 15 wherein the two rolls differ by a temperature of at least 100 degrees centigrade.

The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.

1. An aircraft tire pressure loop link for electromagnetically coupling a magnetic field between a wheel axle electromagnetic transceiver coil and a tire pressure sensor receiver coil spaced apart from the wheel axle electromagnetic transceiver coil for powering a tire pressure sensor, comprising:
a first single metal loop configured to be mounted adjacent to the wheel axle electromagnetic transceiver coil, said first single metal loop including a magnetic flux collector insert member electrically connected and attached to said first single metal loop for collecting an impinging magnetic flux from the wheel axle electromagnetic transceiver coil;
a second single metal loop configured to be mounted adjacent to a tire pressure sensor transceiver coil; and
a pair of electrically conductive connecting arms electrically connected between said first single metal loop and said second single metal loop, said pair of electrically conductive connecting arms being configured to carry current generated in the first single metal loop from the wheel axle electromagnetic transceiver coil to the second single metal loop, said pair of electrically conductive connecting arms being closely spaced apart by a small gap to minimize a loop area of said pair of electrically conductive connecting arms, whereby current induced in the first single metal loop travels via the pair of spaced apart electrically conductive connecting arms a distance from the wheel axle electromagnetic transceiver coil to the second single metal loop, to generate flux in the tire pressure sensor receiver coil for powering the tire pressure sensor; and
wherein no wire connections are included in the aircraft tire pressure loop link to form an electrical circuit between the wheel axle electromagnetic transceiver coil and the tire pressure sensor receiver coil, said aircraft tire pressure loop link is a rigid, self-supporting structural part, and the magnetic flux collector insert member collects an impinging magnetic flux from the wheel axle electromagnetic transceiver coil, and concentrates and directs the magnetic flux through an area of a central portion of a cross sectional area enclosed by said first single metal loop.
2. The aircraft tire pressure loop link of claim 1, wherein said pair of spaced apart electrically conductive connecting arms can be of any desirable length without loss of coupling enhancement.
3. The aircraft tire pressure loop link of claim 1, wherein said aircraft tire pressure loop link provides a low impedance electromagnetic signal path connection between the wheel axle electromagnetic transceiver drive coil and the tire pressure sensor transceiver coil, whereby no electrical insulation is required over said pair of spaced apart electrically conductive connecting arms.
4. The aircraft tire pressure loop link of claim 1, wherein said aircraft tire pressure loop link provides a low voltage electromagnetic signal path connection between the wheel axle electromagnetic transceiver drive coil and the tire pressure sensor transceiver coil, whereby the aircraft tire pressure loop link is not a source of electric field radiation and is not sensitive to electric field interference.
5. The aircraft tire pressure loop link of claim 1, wherein said aircraft tire pressure loop link comprises a rigid, self-supporting structural part.
6. An aircraft tire pressure loop link for electromagnetically coupling a magnetic field between a wheel axle electromagnetic transceiver coil and a tire pressure sensor receiver coil spaced apart from the wheel axle electromagnetic transceiver coil for powering a tire pressure sensor, comprising:
a first single metal loop configured to be mounted adjacent to the wheel axle electromagnetic transceiver coil, said first single metal loop including a magnetic flux collector insert member electrically connected and attached to said first single metal loop for collecting an impinging magnetic flux from the wheel axle electromagnetic transceiver coil;
a second single metal loop configured to be mounted adjacent to a tire pressure sensor transceiver coil; and
a pair of spaced apart electrically conductive connecting arms electrically connected between said first single metal loop and said second single metal loop, said pair of spaced apart electrically conductive connecting arms being configured to carry current generated in the first single metal loop from the wheel axle electromagnetic transceiver coil to the second single metal loop, whereby current induced in the first single metal loop travels via the pair of spaced apart electrically conductive connecting arms a distance from the wheel axle electromagnetic transceiver coil to the second single metal loop, to generate flux in the tire pressure sensor receiver coil for powering the tire pressure sensor.
7. The aircraft tire pressure loop link of claim 6, wherein said first single metal loop is formed of a metal having low magnetic permeability.
8. The aircraft tire pressure loop link of claim 6, wherein said magnetic flux collector insert member is formed from a metal having high magnetic permeability.
9. The aircraft tire pressure loop link of claim 8, wherein said magnetic flux collector insert member is formed from a nickel-iron magnetic alloy.
10. The aircraft tire pressure loop link of claim 6, wherein said pair of spaced apart electrically conductive connecting arms comprises first and second parallel spaced apart metal shafts connected between said first single metal loop and said second single metal loop.
11. The aircraft tire pressure loop link of claim 10, wherein said first and second parallel spaced apart metal shafts comprise aluminum.
12. An aircraft tire pressure loop link for electromagnetically coupling a magnetic field between a wheel axle electromagnetic transceiver coil and a tire pressure sensor receiver coil spaced apart from the wheel axle electromagnetic transceiver coil for powering a tire pressure sensor, comprising:
a wheel axle electromagnetic transceiver coil;
a primary single metal loop configured to be mounted adjacent to the wheel axle electromagnetic transceiver coil, said primary single metal loop including a magnetic flux collector insert member electrically connected and attached to said primary single metal loop for collecting an impinging magnetic flux from the wheel axle electromagnetic transceiver coil;
a secondary single metal loop configured to be mounted adjacent to a tire pressure sensor transceiver coil; and
a pair of spaced apart electrically conductive connecting arms electrically connected between said primary single metal loop and said secondary single metal loop, said pair of spaced apart electrically conductive connecting arms being configured to carry current generated in the primary single metal loop from the wheel axle electromagnetic transceiver coil to the secondary single metal loop, whereby current induced in the primary single metal loop travels via the pair of spaced apart electrically conductive connecting arms a distance from the wheel axle electromagnetic transceiver coil to the secondary single metal loop, to generate flux in the tire pressure sensor receiver coil for powering the tire pressure sensor.
13. The aircraft tire pressure loop link of claim 12, wherein said first single metal loop is formed of a metal having low magnetic permeability.
14. The aircraft tire pressure loop link of claim 12, wherein said magnetic flux collector insert member is formed from a metal having high magnetic permeability.
15. The aircraft tire pressure loop link of claim 14, wherein said magnetic flux collector insert member is formed from a nickel-iron magnetic alloy.
16. The aircraft tire pressure loop link of claim 12, wherein said pair of spaced apart electrically conductive connecting arms comprises first and second parallel spaced apart metal shafts connected between said primary single metal loop and said secondary single metal loop.
17. The aircraft tire pressure loop link of claim 16, wherein said first and second parallel spaced apart metal shafts comprises aluminum.
18. The aircraft tire pressure loop link of claim 12, wherein said pair of spaced apart electrically conductive connecting arms can be of any desirable length without loss of coupling enhancement.
19. The aircraft tire pressure loop link of claim 12, wherein said aircraft tire pressure loop link provides a low impedance electromagnetic signal path connection between the wheel axle electromagnetic transceiver drive coil and the tire pressure sensor transceiver coil, whereby no electrical insulation is required over said pair of spaced apart electrically conductive connecting arms.
20. The aircraft tire pressure loop link of claim 12, wherein said aircraft tire pressure loop link provides a low voltage electromagnetic signal path connection between the wheel axle electromagnetic transceiver drive coil and the tire pressure sensor transceiver coil, whereby the aircraft tire pressure loop link is not a source of electric field radiation and is not sensitive to electric field interference.

1. A display device, comprising:
a display element having a display function; and
a functional element having a function different from that of the display element; wherein:
the functional element is laminated on the display element so as to be confined in a planar area of the display element; and
the display element includes a thin film substrate;
the thin film substrate has provided directly thereon:
a circuit block of a display system that is arranged to process an externally inputted video signal so as to drive the display section and that includes a plurality of transistors arranged in an array to control corresponding pixels of the display element; and
a circuit block of a separate system that is arranged to process a signal regarding the functional element; and

the circuit block of the separate system receives and sends the signal through a flexible printed circuit board which is connected to the thin film substrate and which enables connection to an external device.
2. The display device according to claim 1, wherein the circuit block of the separate system on the display element, and the functional element to be laminated on the display element, are connected through (i) a first printed circuit board, which is said printed circuit board for connecting the display element to the external device, and (ii) a second flexible printed circuit board, a first end of which is connected to the functional element and a second end of which is connected to a middle portion of the first printed circuit board.
3. The display device according to claim 1, wherein the printed circuit board for connecting the display element to the external device inputs the video signal into the display element.
4. The display device according to claim 1, wherein:
a plurality or plural types of said functional element are provided, and
said thin film substrate is provided with a plurality or plural types of circuit blocks of separate systems corresponding to the plurality or plural types of said functional element.
5. The display device according to claim 1, wherein:
said functional element is either a sound source element for generating a sound corresponding to an audio signal or a sound collection element for collecting a voice so as to convert the voice into the audio signal, or
when the plurality or plural types of said functional element are provided, at least one of the plurality or plural types of said functional element is either the sound source element or the sound collection element.
6. The display device according to claim 1, wherein:
said functional element is a touch panel which is disposed on a side of a display surface of the display element and which outputs a signal corresponding to an input position of an operator, or
when the plurality or plural types of said functional element are provided, at least one of the plurality or plural types of said functional element is the touch panel.
7. The display device according to claim 1, wherein:
said functional element is an image-processing substrate which is disposed on a side of a back surface of the display element and which subjects the video signal to image processing based on an externally inputted control signal, or
when the plurality or plural types of said functional element are provided, at least one of the plurality or plural types of said functional element is the image-processing substrate.
8. The display device according to claim 1, wherein:
said functional element is a separate display element to be laminated on the display element, or
when the plurality or plural types of said functional element are provided, at least one of the plurality or plural types of said functional element is the separate display element.
9. The display device according to claim 1, wherein the thin film substrate has a thin film layer including a polycrystalline silicon thin film.
10. The display device according to claim 1, wherein the thin film substrate has a thin film layer including a continuous grain boundary silicon thin film.
11. The display device according to claim 1, wherein the display element performs display by using a liquid crystal.
12. The display device according to claim 1, wherein the display element performs display by using an EL layer.

The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.

1. A manual hydraulic pump comprising:
a housing having a closed end and an open end;
a shaft supported rotatably by the housing and extending on a common axis through the closed end of the housing;
a cylinder block supported rotatably in and by the housing;
the cylinder block coupled to the shaft coaxially therewith to turn therewith;
the cylinder block having cylinders formed therein at regular intervals around the common axis, the cylinders extending in parallel with the common axis, the cylinders each having an open end remote from the open end of the housing and a closed end adjacent to the open end of the housing;
the cylinder block further having an end surface adjacent to the open end of the housing;
the cylinder block further having oil passages each extending between the end surface and the closed end of one of the cylinders;
pumping pistons each engaging axially slidably with one of the cylinders and capable of creating hydraulic pressure when the shaft turns;
an end block closing the open end of the housing;
the end block and the end surface of the cylinder block defining an end space therebetween;
the end block having a pair of first cylindrical holes opening into the end space, the first cylindrical holes being opposite to each other diametrically of the common axis;
the end block further having a pair of inletoutlet ports each communicating with the outside of the pump and one of the first cylindrical holes;
a distributing valve put in the end space and spring-biased into compressive contact with the end surface of the cylinder block;
the distributing valve substantially taking the form of a disc and having a thickness smaller than the distance between the end block and the end surface of the cylinder block;
the distributing valve having a pair of arcuate ports formed on the side thereof adjacent to the cylinder block, the arcuate ports being opposite to each other diametrically of the axis of the valve, the arcuate ports being capable of communicating selectively with the oil passages of the cylinder block when the cylinder block turns;
the distributing valve further having a pair of second cylindrical holes formed on the other side thereof, the second cylindrical holes being opposite to each other diametrically of the axis of the valve, the second cylindrical holes each communicating with one of the arcuate ports;
a pair of pressing pistons each including a large-diameter cylindrical part and a small-diameter cylindrical part that is coaxial with and smaller in diameter than the large-diameter cylindrical part, the large-diameter cylindrical part engaging axially slidably with one of the first cylindrical holes, the small-diameter cylindrical part engaging axially slidably with one of the second cylindrical holes;
the pressing pistons each having an axial bore cut therethrough;
first O-rings each interposed between the large-diameter cylindrical part of one of the pressing pistons and the end block; and
second O-rings each interposed between the small-diameter cylindrical part of one of the pressing pistons and the distributing valve.
2. The manual hydraulic pump of claim 1 wherein each of the pumping pistons has a spherical head and a neck that are remote from the closed end of the associated cylinder, the pump further comprising:
a thrust bearing fitted in the housing and near the closed end of the housing;
the thrust bearing surrounding the shaft and inclined with respect to the common axis;
a sleeve surrounding the shaft between the thrust bearing and the cylinder block rotatably with and slidably along the shaft;
a piston retainer surrounding the sleeve and engaging therewith slidably in all directions;
the piston retainer engaging with the necks of the pumping pistons; and
a coil spring surrounding the shaft between the sleeve and the cylinder block so as to bias the pumping pistons toward the thrust bearing, thereby keeping the spherical heads of the pumping pistons in compressive contact with the bearing.