All The Claims

1. A computer implemented method, comprising:
tracking, by a network device, a first load associated with usage of a first wireless communication band, wherein the first wireless communication band is used for client connections;
tracking a second load associated with usage of a second wireless communication band, wherein the second wireless communication band is used for client connections;
receiving a client connection request on the first wireless communication band;
responding to the client connection request on the first wireless communication band when the first load is less than a first threshold;
rejecting the client connection request on the first wireless communication band when the first load is greater than or equal to the first threshold;
responding to additional client connection requests on the second wireless communication band when the second load is less than a second threshold; and
continuing to reject additional client connection requests on the first wireless communication band when the first load is greater than or equal to the first threshold.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the first load corresponds to a number of connected clients on the first wireless communication band and wherein the second load corresponds to a number of connected clients on the second wireless communication band.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the first threshold corresponds to a maximum number of connected clients on the first wireless communication band and wherein the second threshold corresponds to a maximum number of connected clients on the second wireless communication band.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein tracking the first load associated with usage of the first wireless communication band includes tracking usage of the first wireless communication band by BSSID.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein responding to a connection request includes responding to the connection request on a per-BSSID basis.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein responding to a connection request includes authorizing the connection request.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein rejecting a connection request includes transmitting an error message.
8. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
receiving a second client connection request on the second wireless communication band;
responding to the second client connection request on the second wireless communication band when the second load is less than the second threshold, wherein the second threshold is different from the first threshold; and
rejecting the second client connection request on the second wireless communication band when the second load is greater than or equal to the second threshold.
9. A system comprising:
one or more processors; and
a non-transitory computer readable storage medium communicatively coupled to the one or more processors, wherein the non-transitory computer readable storage medium includes instructions that, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to perform operations including:
tracking a first load associated with usage of a first wireless communication band at a network device, wherein the first wireless communication band is used for client connections;
tracking a second load associated with usage of a second wireless communication band at the network device, wherein the second wireless communication band is used for client connections;
receiving a client connection request on the first wireless communication band;
responding to the client connection request on the first wireless communication band when the first load is less than a first threshold;
rejecting the client connection request on the first wireless communication band when the first load is greater than or equal to the first threshold;
responding to additional client connection requests on the second wireless communication band when the second load is less than a second threshold; and
continuing to reject additional client connection requests on the first wireless communication band when the first load is greater than or equal to the first threshold.
10. The system of claim 9, wherein the first load corresponds to a number of connected clients on the first wireless communication band and wherein the second load corresponds to a number of connected clients on the second wireless communication band.
11. The system of claim 9, wherein the first threshold corresponds to a maximum number of connected clients on the first wireless communication band and wherein the second threshold corresponds to a maximum number of connected clients on the second wireless communication band.
12. The system of claim 9, wherein tracking the first load associated with usage of the first wireless communication band includes tracking usage of the first wireless communication band by BSSID.
13. The system of claim 9, wherein responding to a connection request includes responding to the connection request on a per-BSSID basis.
14. The system of claim 9, wherein responding to a connection request includes authorizing the connection request.
15. The system of claim 9, wherein rejecting a connection request includes transmitting an error message.
16. The system of claim 9, further comprising:
receiving a second client connection request on the second wireless communication band;
responding to the second client connection request on the second wireless communication band when the second load is less than the second threshold, wherein the second threshold is different from the first threshold; and
rejecting the second client connection request on the second wireless communication band when the second load is greater than or equal to the second threshold.
17. A non-transitory computer readable medium comprising instructions that, when executed by one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to perform operations including:
tracking a first load associated with usage of a first wireless communication band at a network device, wherein the first wireless communication band is used for client connections;
tracking a second load associated with usage of a second wireless communication band at the network device, wherein the second wireless communication band is used for client connections;
receiving a client connection request on the first wireless communication band;
responding to the client connection request on the first wireless communication band when the first load is less than a first threshold;
rejecting the client connection request on the first wireless communication band when the first load is greater than or equal to the first threshold;
responding to additional client connection requests on the second wireless communication band when the second load is less than a second threshold; and
continuing to reject additional client connection requests on the first wireless communication band when the first load is greater than or equal to the first threshold.
18. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 17, wherein the first load corresponds to a number of connected clients on the first wireless communication band and wherein the second load corresponds to a number of connected clients on the second wireless communication band.
19. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 17, wherein the first threshold corresponds to a maximum number of connected clients on the first wireless communication band and wherein the second threshold corresponds to a maximum number of connected clients on the second wireless communication band.
20. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 17, wherein tracking the first load associated with usage of the first wireless communication band includes tracking usage of the first wireless communication band by BSSID.
21. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 17, wherein responding to a connection request includes responding to the connection request on a per-BSSID basis.
22. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 17, wherein responding to a connection request includes authorizing the connection request.
23. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 17, wherein rejecting a connection request includes transmitting an error message.
24. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 17, wherein the operations further include:
receiving a second client connection request on the second wireless communication band;
responding to the second client connection request on the second wireless communication band when the second load is less than the second threshold, wherein the second threshold is different from the first threshold; and
rejecting the second client connection request on the second wireless communication band when the second load is greater than or equal to the second threshold.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.

1. A method of communicating with an electronic device (400) under test through a simulated radio channel of an emulator (418), characterized by
shifting (3000) a simulated radio channel with respect to a plurality of antenna elements (402 to 416, 6002 to 6010) coupled with the emulator (418) for communicating with the device (400) under test by using different directions for the simulated radio channel in an anechoic chamber.
2. The method of claim 1, characterized by shifting (2700) the simulated radio channel by directing at least one beam (500, 700) of at least one antenna element (402 to 416, 6002 to 6010) at different directions towards the device (400) under test.
3. The method of claim 1, characterized by shifting the power angular spectrum of the simulated radio channel by less or more than a distance (ds) between two antenna elements (402 to 416, 6002 to 6010) for changing the direction of a beam (500, 700) by less or more than an angle (\u0394\u03b8) of the two antenna elements (402 to 416, 6002 to 6010) with respect to the electronic device (400) between two successive moments of communication.
4. The method of claim 1, characterized by shifting the power angular spectrum of the simulated radio channel by a distance (ds) between two antenna elements (402 to 416, 6002 to 6010) for changing the direction of a beam (500, 700) by an angle (\u0394\u03b8) of the two antenna elements (402 to 416, 6002 to 6010) with respect to the electronic device (400) at two successive moments of communication.
5. The method of claim 1, characterized by feeding the simulated radio channel to the plurality of antenna elements (402 to 416, 6002 to 6010) for forming (2302) at least one beam (500, 700) of a signal of at least one path with at least one antenna element (402 to 416, 6002 to 6010) at a first moment;
setting the simulated radio channel to a new position with respect to the plurality of antenna elements (402 to 416, 6002 to 6010); and
feeding the radio channel which has been set to a new position to the plurality of antenna elements (402 to 416, 6002 to 6010) for forming the at least one beam (500, 700) with at least one antenna element (402 to 416, 6002 to 6010) of a plurality of antenna elements (402 to 416, 6002 to 6010) at a second moment.
6. The method of claim 1, characterized by optimizing a cost function of a theoretical spatial cross correlation and a spatial correlation obtained with antenna elements for determining weights of the antenna elements (402 to 416, 6002 to 6010); and forming, on the basis of the weights, at least one beam (500, 700) of a simulated radio channel with at least two antenna elements (402 to 416, 6002 to 6010).
7. A testing system of communicating with an electronic device (400) under test through a simulated radio channel of an emulator (418), characterized in that the testing system is configured to
shift a simulated radio channel with respect to the plurality of antenna elements (402 to 416, 6002 to 6010) coupled with the emulator (418) for communicating with the device (400) under test by using different directions for the simulated radio channel in an anechoic chamber.
8. The testing system of claim 7, characterized in that the testing system is configured to direct at least one beam (500, 700) of at least one antenna element (402 to 416, 6002 to 6010) at different directions towards the device (400) under test.
9. The testing system of claim 7, characterized in that the testing system is configured to shift the power angular spectrum of the simulated radio channel by less or more than a distance (ds) between two antenna elements (402 to 416, 6002 to 6010) for changing the direction of a beam (500, 700) by less or more than an angle (\u0394\u03b8) of the two antenna elements (402 to 416, 6002 to 6010) with respect to the electronic device (400) between two successive moments of communication.
10. The testing system of claim 7, characterized in that the testing system is configured to shift the power angular spectrum of the simulated radio channel by a distance (ds) between two antenna elements (402 to 416, 6002 to 6010) for changing the direction of a beam (500, 700) by an angle (\u0394\u03b8) of the two antenna elements (402 to 416, 6002 to 6010) with respect to the electronic device (400) at two successive moments of communication.
11. The testing system of claim 7, characterized in that the testing system is configured to feed the simulated radio channel to the plurality of antenna elements (402 to 416, 6002 to 6010) coupled to an emulator (418) for forming (2302) at least one beam (500, 700) of a signal of at least one path with at least one antenna element (402 to 416, 6002 to 6010) at a first moment;
set the simulated radio channel to a new position with respect to the plurality of antenna elements (402 to 416, 6002 to 6010); and
feed the radio channel which has been set to a new position to the plurality of antenna elements (402 to 416, 6002 to 6010) for forming the at least one beam (500, 700) with at least one antenna element (402 to 416, 6002 to 6010) of a plurality of antenna elements (402 to 416, 6002 to 6010) at a second moment.
12. The testing system of claim 7, characterized in that the testing system is configured to optimize a cost function of a theoretical spatial cross correlation and a spatial correlation obtained with antenna elements for determining weights of the antenna elements (402 to 416, 6002 to 6010); and form, on the basis of the weights, at least one beam (500, 700) of a simulated radio channel with at least two antenna elements (402 to 416, 6002 to 6010).
13. An emulator of communicating with an electronic device (400) under test through a simulated radio channel, characterized in that the emulator (418) is configured to
shift a simulated radio channel with respect to the plurality of antenna elements (402 to 416, 6002 to 6010) coupled with the emulator (418) for communicating with the device (400) under test by using different directions for the simulated radio channel in an anechoic chamber.

1. A lithium-ion battery comprising:
a case;
an electrolyte;
a positive electrode including a current collector and an active material;
a negative electrode including a current collector and an active material; and
an auxiliary electrode including an active material selected from the group consisting of silver vanadium oxide, carbon monofluoride, and manganese dioxide;
wherein the electrolyte, positive electrode, negative electrode, and auxiliary electrode are disposed within the case; and
wherein the auxiliary electrode is configured to selectively couple to the negative electrode to irreversibly absorb lithium from the negative electrode.
2. The lithium-ion battery according to claim 1, wherein selectively coupling the auxiliary electrode and the negative electrode is configured to provide a crossing potential at the potential of the positive electrode.
3. The lithium-ion battery according to claim 2, wherein materials selected for the current collector and active material of the positive electrode and materials selected for the current collector and active material of the negative electrode are stable at the crossing potential.
4. The lithium-ion battery according to claim 1, wherein the auxiliary electrode has lithium uptake ability.
5. The lithium-ion battery according to claim 1, wherein the auxiliary electrode is coupled to the negative electrode after initial charging of the battery has been completed, and wherein coupling the auxiliary electrode and negative electrode partially depletes the negative electrode of lithium.
6. The lithium-ion battery according to claim 5, wherein the auxiliary electrode is coupled to the negative electrode during production of the lithium-ion battery.
7. The lithium-ion battery according to claim 5, wherein the auxiliary electrode is coupled to the negative electrode after partial discharge of the lithium-ion battery.
8. The lithium-ion battery according to claim 5, wherein the auxiliary electrode is coupled to the negative electrode after at least one of: the battery being discharged to a predetermined cut-off voltage a predetermined number of times, the battery being discharged below a predetermined threshold, the battery being deeply discharged, the battery experiencing a predetermined number of charge or discharge cycles, or the battery being in use for a predetermined amount of time.
9. The lithium-ion battery according to claim 1, wherein the auxiliary electrode selectively coupled to the negative electrode by circuitry.
10. The lithium-ion battery according to claim 9, wherein the circuitry couples the auxiliary electrode to the negative electrode upon detection of a predetermined condition.
11. The lithium-ion battery according to claim 10, wherein the auxiliary electrode includes an active layer disposed on an interior surface of the case.
12. A lithium-ion battery comprising:
a positive electrode;
a negative electrode; and
an auxiliary electrode comprising an auxiliary active material selected from the group consisting of silver vanadium oxide, carbon monofluoride, and manganese dioxide, the auxiliary electrode being configured to irreversibly absorb lithium from the negative electrode when the auxiliary electrode is selectively coupled to the negative electrode, and the auxiliary active material being an irreversible material;
whereby the auxiliary electrode is configured to lessen the amount of lithium that can be released from the negative electrode during operation of the battery.
13. The lithium-ion battery of claim 12, the auxiliary electrode is configured to irreversibly absorb an amount of lithium to provide a crossing potential at the potential of the positive electrode.
14. The lithium-ion battery of claim 12, wherein the auxiliary electrode is selectively coupled to the negative electrode during production of the lithium-ion battery.
15. The lithium-ion battery of claim 12, wherein the auxiliary electrode is configured to couple to the negative electrode after the lithium-ion battery has been initially charged.
16. The lithium-ion battery of claim 12 further comprising circuitry configured to selectively couple the auxiliary electrode to the negative electrode upon occurrence of a predetermined condition.
17. The lithium-ion battery of claim 12 further comprising a case, wherein the positive electrode, negative electrode, and auxiliary electrode are disposed inside the case.
18. The lithium-ion battery of claim 17, wherein the auxiliary electrode is disposed on an interior surface of the case.

The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.

1. A multi-layered identification document comprising:
a core material layer;
a first laminate over the core material layer;
a second laminate over the first laminate;
a laser sensitizing additive to the first laminate including a first quantity of at least one of copper potassium iodide (CuKI3), Copper Iodide (CuI), potassium iodide (KI), sodium iodide (NaI) and aluminum iodide (AlI);
a laser sensitizing additive to the second laminate including a second quantity of at least one substance related from the group comprising of zinc sulfide (ZnS), barium sulfide (BaS), alkyl sulfonate, and thioester.
2. The identification document of claim 1, further comprising a layer of material between the first and second laminates, the layer of material being transparent to laser light radiation.
3. The identification document of claim 1, wherein the core material layer includes a titanium dioxide (TiO2) filled polycarbonate film.
4. The identification document of claim 1, wherein the core material layer includes preprinted information thereon.
5. The identification document of claim 1, wherein the core material layer and the first and second laminate are fused together, such fused materials deterring delamination attempts.
6. The identification document of claim 1, wherein the identification document bears a first indicium thereon, the first indicium obtained by exposing the laser sensitizing additive to a laser beam.
7. The identification document of claim 6, wherein the indicium comprises at least one of: a gray scale image, photograph, text, tactile text, graphic information, security pattern, security indicia, and digital watermark.
8. The identification document of claim 6, wherein the first indicium comprises variable information.
9. A process of making an identification document comprising:providing a core layer material; overlying a first laminate over the core material, wherein the first laminate includes a first laser sensitizing material having first quantity of at least one of copper potassium iodide (CuKI), copper iodide (CuI), potassium iodide (KI), sodium iodide (NaI) and aluminum iodide (AlI); overlying the first laminate with a second laminate, wherein the second laminate includes a second laser sensitizing material having a second quantity of at least one substance selected from the group consisting of zinc sulfide (ZnS), barium sulfide (BaS), alkyl sulfonate and thioester; and
fusing together the core laser material, the first laminate and the second laminate using at least one of heat and pressure.
10. The method of claim 9, further comprising the step of providing preprinted information on the core material layer prior to overlying the core material layer with the first laminate.
11. The method of claim 9, wherein the identification document bears a first indicium thereon, the first indicium obtained by exposing the laser sensitizing additive to a laser beam.
12. The method of claim 11, wherein the first indicium comprises variable information.