All The Claims

1. A metal plate to be heated by radiant heat transfer, wherein a reflectance-reduced region where reflectance for a radiant ray is reduced is formed on part of a surface of the metal plate that is to be heated by radiant heat transfer.
2. The metal plate to be heated by radiant heat transfer according to claim 1, wherein the reflectance of the reflectance-reduced region is 40% or less.
3. The metal plate to be heated by radiant heat transfer according to claim 1, wherein the metal plate is a plated steel plate.
4. A method of manufacturing a metal plate to be heated by radiant heat transfer, wherein part of a surface of the metal plate to be heated by radiant heat transfer is subjected to reflectance reducing treatment so as to have reduced reflectance for a radiant ray.
5. The method of manufacturing the metal plate to be heated by radiant heat transfer according to claim 4, wherein the reflectance reducing treatment reduces the reflectance to 40% or less.
6. The method of manufacturing the metal plate to be heated by radiant heat transfer according to claim 4, wherein the reflectance reducing treatment is one of painting, roughening, metal coating, coloring by immersion in an acid solution, and etching.
7. The method of manufacturing the metal plate to be heated by radiant heat transfer according to claim 4, wherein the reflectance reducing treatment is surface layer quality changing treatment.
8. A metal processed product having a portion with different strength, wherein a portion where reflectance for a radiant ray is reduced is partially formed on a surface of the metal processed product, and a difference in Vickers hardness between the portion where the reflectance for the radiant ray is reduced and the other portion is HV180 or more.
9. The metal processed product having the portion with different strength according to claim 8, wherein the difference in Vickers hardness between the portion where the reflectance for the radiant ray is reduced and the other portion is HV200 or more.
10. A method of manufacturing a metal processed product having a portion with different strength, wherein a region where reflectance for a radiant ray is reduced is formed on part of a surface of a metal plate by metal surface treatment or surface layer quality changing treatment, the metal plate is turned into a heated metal plate partially having a different temperature by being heated by radiant heat transfer, and the heated metal plate is subjected to thermal processing accompanied by cooling.
11. The method of manufacturing the metal processed product having the portion with different strength according to claim 10, wherein the metal surface treatment is one of painting, roughening, metal coating, coloring by immersion in an acid solution, and etching.
12. The method of manufacturing the metal processed product having the portion with different strength according to claim 10, wherein the thermal processing accompanied by the cooling is hot stamping.
13. The method of manufacturing the metal processed product having the portion with different strength according to claim 10, wherein the thermal processing accompanied by the cooling is hardening.

The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.

What is claimed is:

1. A method for measuring light transmittance of a lens undergoing examination comprising the steps of:
(a) supplying light of a predetermined wavelength narrowed along an optical axis;
(b) focusing the light to converge on or near a lens undergoing examination that is disposed on the optical axis so that a portion of the light is transmitted through the lens undergoing examination and subsequently measuring the intensity of the transmitted portion to generate a lens transmission value;
(c) focusing the light to converge along the optical axis when the lens undergoing examination is not disposed on the optical axis and subsequently measuring the intensity of the light to generate a baseline value; and
(d) determining the light transmittance of the lens undergoing examination from the lens transmission value and the baseline value.
2. A method for measuring light transmittance according to claim 1, wherein the light of a predetermined wavelength is supplied by a light source disposed along the optical axis, and wherein in step (b) when the light is focused to converge on or near the lens undergoing examination the light converges on or near a surface portion of the lens undergoing examination, wherein the surface portion is that portion of the lens undergoing examination that is closest to the light source.
3. A method for measuring light transmittance according to claim 1, wherein the light transmittance of the lens undergoing examination is determined from a ratio between the lens transmission value and the baseline value.
4. A method for measuring light transmittance according to claim 1, wherein step (b) further comprises filtering the transmitted portion with an interference filter before measuring the intensity of the transmitted portion, and step (c) further comprises filtering the light with the interference filter before measuring the intensity of the light.
5. A method for measuring light transmittance according to claim 4, wherein step (b) further comprises converging the filtered transmitted portion with a second convergence lens onto a light detector so that the light detector can measure the intensity of the filtered transmitted portion, and step (c) further comprises converging the light with the second convergence lens onto the light detector so that the light detector can measure the intensity of the light.
6. A method for measuring light transmittance according to claim 1, wherein the light is focused in step (b) and in step (c) by a first convergence lens.
7. An apparatus for measuring light transmittance of a lens undergoing examination, the apparatus comprising a first sub-apparatus, wherein the first sub-apparatus comprises:
a first light source emitting light of a predetermined first wavelength, wherein the first light source is disposed on a first optical axis;
a first light detector for detecting the light of the predetermined first wavelength, wherein the first light detector is disposed on the first optical axis and generates output signals in response to detecting light of the predetermined first wavelength;
a first lens holding apparatus disposed to hold a lens undergoing examination, wherein the first lens holding apparatus is disposed between the first light source and the first light detector and is positioned on the first optical axis, wherein the first lens holder releasably holds the lens undergoing examination; and
a first convergence lens for converging rays of the light of the predetermined first wavelength at a first prescribed position, wherein the first prescribed position is on or near the lens undergoing examination when the first lens holder is holding the lens undergoing examination.
8. An apparatus for measuring light transmittance according to claim 7, wherein the first prescribed position is on or near a surface portion of the lens undergoing examination, wherein the surface portion is that portion of the lens undergoing examination that is closest to the first light source.
9. An apparatus for measuring light transmittance according to claim 7, wherein the first sub-apparatus further comprises:
a second convergence lens disposed between the first lens holding apparatus and the first light detector, wherein the second convergence lens serves to converge rays of the light of the first predetermined wavelength into the first light detector.
10. An apparatus for measuring light transmittance according to claim 8, wherein the first sub-apparatus further comprises:
a second convergence lens disposed between the first lens holding apparatus and the first light detector, wherein the second convergence lens serves to converge rays of the light of the first predetermined wavelength into the first light detector.
11. An apparatus for measuring light transmittance according to claim 7, wherein the first sub-apparatus further comprises:
a first interference filter disposed along the first optical axis and on a path of the rays of the light of the predetermined first wavelength, wherein the first interference filter transmits mostly light having a wavelength within a range about the first wavelength.
12. An apparatus for measuring light transmittance according to claim 8, wherein the first sub-apparatus further comprises:
a first interference filter disposed along the first optical axis and on a path of the rays of the light of the predetermined first wavelength, wherein the first interference filter transmits mostly light having a wavelength within a range about the first wavelength.
13. An apparatus for measuring light transmittance according to claim 9, wherein the first sub-apparatus further comprises:
a first interference filter disposed along the first optical axis and on a path of the rays of the light of the predetermined first wavelength, wherein the first interference filter transmits mostly light having a wavelength within a range about the first wavelength.
14. An apparatus for measuring light transmittance according to claim 11, the apparatus further comprising a second sub-apparatus and a microprocessor electronically connected to receive signals from the first sub-apparatus and the second sub-apparatus, wherein the second sub-apparatus comprises:
a second light source emitting light of a predetermined second wavelength, wherein the second light source is disposed on a second optical axis and the predetermined second wavelength is different from the predetermined first wavelength;
a second light detector for detecting the light of the predetermined second wavelength, wherein the second light detector is disposed on the second optical axis and generates output signals in response to detecting light of the predetermined second wavelength, and wherein the first lens holding apparatus is disposed between the second light source and the second light detector and is positioned on the second optical axis;
an additional first convergence lens for converging rays of the light of the predetermined second wavelength at a second prescribed position, wherein the second prescribed position is on or near the lens undergoing examination when the first lens holder is holding the lens undergoing examination;
an additional second convergence lens disposed between the first lens holding apparatus and the second light detector, wherein the additional second convergence lens serves to converge rays of the light of the second predetermined wavelength into the second light detector; and
a second interference filter disposed along the second optical axis and on a path of the rays of the light of the predetermined second wavelength, wherein the second interference filter transmits mostly light having a wavelength within a range about the predetermined second wavelength, wherein the microprocessor receives signals from the first light detector of the first sub-apparatus and receives signals from the second light detector of the second sub-apparatus, and the microprocessor determines the light transmittance of the lens undergoing examination based upon the signals received from the first light detector and the second light detector.
15. An apparatus for measuring light transmittance according to claim 12, the apparatus further comprising a second sub-apparatus and a microprocessor electronically connected to receive signals from the first sub-apparatus and the second sub-apparatus, wherein the second sub-apparatus comprises:
a second light source emitting light of a predetermined second wavelength, wherein the second light source is disposed on a second optical axis and the predetermined second wavelength is different from the predetermined first wavelength;
a second light detector for detecting the light of the predetermined second wavelength, wherein the second light detector is disposed on the second optical axis and generates output signals in response to detecting light of the predetermined second wavelength, and wherein the first lens holding apparatus is disposed between the second light source and the second light detector and is positioned on the second optical axis;
an additional first convergence lens for converging rays of the light of the predetermined second wavelength at a second prescribed position, wherein the second prescribed position is on or near the lens undergoing examination when the first lens holder is holding the lens undergoing examination;
an additional second convergence lens disposed between the first lens holding apparatus and the second light detector, wherein the additional second convergence lens serves to converge rays of the light of the second predetermined wavelength into the second light detector; and
a second interference filter disposed along the second optical axis and on a path of the rays of the light of the predetermined second wavelength, wherein the second interference filter transmits mostly light having a wavelength within a range about the predetermined second wavelength, wherein the microprocessor receives signals from the first light detector of the first sub-apparatus and receives signals from the second light detector of the second sub-apparatus, and the microprocessor determines the light transmittance of the lens undergoing examination based upon the signals received from the first light detector and the second light detector.
16. An apparatus for measuring light transmittance according to claim 13, the apparatus further comprising a second sub-apparatus and a microprocessor electronically connected to receive signals from the first sub-apparatus and the second sub-apparatus, wherein the second sub-apparatus comprises:
a second light source emitting light of a predetermined second wavelength, wherein the second light source is disposed on a second optical axis and the predetermined second wavelength is different from the predetermined first wavelength;
a second light detector for detecting the light of the predetermined second wavelength, wherein the second light detector is disposed on the second optical axis and generates output signals in response to detecting light of the predetermined second wavelength, and wherein the first lens holding apparatus is disposed between the second light source and the second light detector and is positioned on the second optical axis;
an additional first convergence lens for converging rays of the light of the predetermined second wavelength at a second prescribed position, wherein the second prescribed position is on or near the lens undergoing examination when the first lens holder is holding the lens undergoing examination;
an additional second convergence lens disposed between the first lens holding apparatus and the second light detector, wherein the additional second convergence lens serves to converge rays of the light of the second predetermined wavelength into the second light detector; and
a second interference filter disposed along the second optical axis and on a path of the rays of the light of the predetermined second wavelength, wherein the second interference filter transmits mostly light having a wavelength within a range about the predetermined second wavelength, wherein the microprocessor receives signals from the first light detector of the first sub-apparatus and receives signals from the second light detector of the second sub-apparatus, and the microprocessor determines the light transmittance of the lens undergoing examination based upon the signals received from the first light detector and the second light detector.

1. A composition comprising at least a component A, a component B, a component C and a component D, wherein said component A is a triester of phosphoric acid, wherein said component B is a polyester which does not contain any aromatic radicals in the unit derived from the alcohol and wherein 0% to 10% of the units derived from the acid contain aromatic radicals, wherein said component C is an amine comprising a secondary amine or a polymeric amine, or an ammonium salt wherein the cation of this ammonium salt is of the form NR4\u2295 where at least one of the R radicals is alkyl of 1 to 22 carbon atoms, and wherein said component D is water, wherein every one of said components A, B and C may take the form of a mixture of two or more components A, B and C, respectively, in place of a single component A product, component B product and component C product, respectively.
2. The composition as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that it comprises 88% to 98% by weight of said component D.
3. The composition as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that it comprises from 5 to 20 gl of said component C.
4. The composition as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the weight ratio of said component A to said component B is in the range from 0.8:1 to 1.5:0.4.
5. The composition as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that said component A is a triester constructed from units derived from phosphoric acid and units derived from mono- or dihydric aromatic alcohols, said triester being a compound of formula (I) or of formula (II) or a mixture of these two compounds,
where Ar represents a univalent aromatic radical.
6. The composition as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that said component B is a polyester constructed from an aliphatic \u03b1,\u03c9-dicarboxylic acid and an aliphatic dihydric or polyhydric alcohol.
7. The composition as claimed in claim 6, characterized in that said aliphatic dicarboxylic acid has 4 to 10 carbon atoms.
8. The composition as claimed in claim 6, characterized in that said aliphatic alcohol is selected from ethylene glycol, 1,3-propylene glycol, 1,4-butanediol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, polyethylene glycol, neopentyl glycol and 1,6-hexanediol.
9. The composition as claimed in claim 5, characterized in that said component B is a polyester derived from an \u03c9-hydroxy 1-carboxylic acid or its lactone.
10. The composition as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that said component B has a molecular weight in the range from 200 to 8000.
11. The composition as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that said component C is a polyethyleneimine or triethylenetetramine or diethylenetriamine or a mixture comprising two or three of these amines.
12. The composition as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that said component C is an ammonium salt whose anion is chloride.
13. A process for treating a fiber material, which comprises contacting said fiber material with a composition as claimed in claim 1.
14. The process as claimed in claim 13, characterized in that it is an exhaust process carried out at a temperature in the range from 60\xb0 C. to 100\xb0 C.
15. The process as claimed in claim 13, characterized in that said fiber material consists of polyester to an extent ranging from 80% to 100% by weight.

The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.

1. A pigment comprising a platelet-shaped substrate comprising thereon at least a 5-layer sequence of
(A) a layer of SnO2, having a layer thickness of 0.1-50 nm,
(B) a layer of TiO2 in rutile modification, having a layer thickness of 10-800 nm,
(C) a colorless coating having a refractive index n1.8,. having a layer thickness of 20-800 nm,
(D) a layer of SnO2, having a layer thickness of 0.1-50 nm,
(E) a layer of TiO2 in the rutile modification, having a layer thickness of 10-800 nm
and optionally
(F) an outer protective layer.
2. The five-layered pigment according to claim 1, wherein the platelet-shaped substrate is natural or synthetic mica, glass, or Al2O3, SiO2 or TiO2 platelets.
3. The five-layered pigment according to claim 1, wherein layer (C) is SiO2, Al2O3, AlO(OH), B2O3, MgF2, MgSiO3 or a mixture thereof.
4. The five-layered pigment according to claim 1, having an outer protective layer (F) increasing light, temperature and weather stability.
5. A process for the preparation of a five-layered pigment according to claim 1, comprising coating the substrates by a wet-chemical method with hydrolytic decomposition of metal salts in aqueous medium.
6. In a paint, coating, powder coating, printing ink, security printing ink, plastic, ceramic material, glass, dopants for laser marking of paper or plastic, cosmetic formulation, pigment preparation or dry pigment preparation comprising a luster or effect pigment, the improvement wherein the luster or effect pigment is a five-layered pigment according to claim 1.
7. A pigment preparation comprising at least one binder, and at least one five-layered pigment according to claim 1.
8. A Pigment preparation according to claim 7, which is a dry preparation.
9. The dry preparation according to claim 8, comprising from 0 to 8% by weight of water andor a solvent or solvent mixture.
10. The dry preparation according to claim 9, in the form of pellets, granules, chips or briquettes.
11. A hydrophilic, hydrophobic or lipophilic cosmetic formulation comprising at least one five-layered pigment according to claim 1.