All The Claims

1. An arrangement for determining position and fixation of an element in a vertical direction and a transverse direction in relation to a part in or on a bone or a model of a bone, the arrangement comprising:
a sleeve comprising an inner surface;
an expansion spacer extending through the sleeve and comprising an outer sleeve engaging surface and an inner conical expansion surface, the expansion spacer comprising a first flange at a first end of the expansion spacer extending in a radial direction relative to a longitudinal axis of the expansion spacer and configured to engage a first end of the sleeve, the expansion spacer further comprising a second flange at a second end of the expansion spacer extending in the radial direction relative to the longitudinal axis of the expansion spacer and configured to engage a second end of the sleeve when the expansion spacer is expanded to vertically fix the expansion spacer with respect to the sleeve;
an expansion screw extending through the expansion spacer and comprising an outer conical expansion surface configured to cooperate with the inner conical expansion surface on the expansion spacer to radially expand the expansion spacer causing the outer sleeve engaging surface on the expansion spacer to engage the inner surface of the sleeve, thereby determining the position of the sleeve relative to the part and fixing the sleeve, wherein radial expansion of the expansion spacer causes an outer surface of the expansion spacer to be positioned substantially parallel to the inner surface of the sleeve; and
an assembly template configured to be arranged on soft tissue over the bone, the assembly template comprising a through hole extending therethrough, wherein the sleeve is arranged in the through hole,
wherein when the expansion spacer is not expanded, the first flange has a first maximum diameter and the second flange has a second maximum diameter, the first maximum diameter being larger than the second maximum diameter and larger than a minimum diameter of the sleeve, the second flange being smaller than the minimum diameter of the sleeve, and when the expansion spacer is expanded, the second flange has a diameter being larger than the minimum diameter of the sleeve.
2. The arrangement according to claim 1, further comprising:
an anchoring part or structural part comprising an inner threaded passage configured to cooperate with the expansion screw, wherein the expansion screw engages the threaded inner passage such that as the expansion screw is screwed into the anchoring part or structural part the expansion surface on the expansion screw engages the expansion surface of the expansion spacer.
3. The arrangement according to claim 2, wherein the anchoring part or structural part comprises a fixture or fixture dummy.
4. The arrangement according to claim 2, wherein the expansion spacer comprises a lower part having an end surface configured to bear against an upper part of the anchoring part or structural part.
5. The arrangement according to claim 2, wherein the expansion screw comprises a thread extending through the inner threaded passage of the anchoring or structural part, the thread of the expansion screw being configured to engage a thread of the anchoring part or structural part.
6. The arrangement according to claim 5, wherein the outer conical surface of the expansion screw is located between the thread of the expansion screw and an end surface of the expansion screw.
7. The arrangement according to claim 1, wherein the arrangement determines position and fixation of the sleeve in a vertical direction in relation to the part and in a transverse direction in relation to a longitudinal axis of the part.
8. The arrangement according to claim 1, wherein the expansion spacer comprises one piece.
9. The arrangement according to claim 1, wherein the template is jaw bone shaped.
10. The arrangement according to claim 1, wherein the expansion spacer, when inserted in the sleeve and in a position or state when not acted upon, has a circumferential dimension that permits removal of the expansion spacer from the template via the sleeve, and wherein the expansion spacer determines a position of the sleeve in a position or state when acted upon by the expansion screw in which a circumferential increase is thus present and cooperation with the sleeve takes place.
11. The arrangement according to claim 1, wherein the expansion spacer, at parts cooperating with the sleeve, comprises at least two slits that extend in a longitudinal direction of the sleeve and in a wall of the sleeve continuously, which slits, together with a remaining portion of the expansion spacer, permit radially directed displacement, with retention or adoption of a substantial parallel positioning of outer surfaces of the expansion spacer which can cooperate with the inner surface of the sleeve.
12. The arrangement according to claim 1, wherein the template comprises carbon fiber-reinforced plastic and a surrounding shell, into which curable or hardenable means can be injected and can cure or harden in order to give the template a distinct and permanent shape.
13. The arrangement according to claim 1, wherein the template and the sleeve can be transferred to a patient’s jaw bone which the model simulates, and wherein the sleeve and template then constitute guides for forming holes in the patient’s jaw bone.
14. The arrangement according to claim 1, wherein the spacer comprises at least one slit extending through a wall of the spacer in a longitudinal direction of the spacer.
15. The arrangement according to claim 14, wherein the at least one slit extends at least along the sleeve engaging surface.
16. The arrangement according to claim 15, wherein the at least one slit extends from a top of the spacer along at least half of the length of the spacer.
17. The arrangement according to claim 1, wherein the expansion spacer comprises at least one slit extending through the spacer in the vicinity of the sleeve engaging surface.
18. The arrangement according to claim 17, wherein the slit extends through the first flange.
19. The arrangement according to claim 17, wherein the slit extends at least along the outer sleeve engaging surface.
20. The arrangement according to claim 1, wherein the first flange extends completely or partially over a first end surface of the sleeve, and the second flange extends completely or partially over a second end surface of the sleeve when the expansion spacer is radially expanded.
21. The arrangement according to claim 1, wherein the template comprises a plurality of through holes extending therethrough, wherein a plurality of sleeves are arranged in the through holes, a plurality of expansion spacers extend through the sleeves, a plurality of expansion screws extend through the expansion spacers and are secured to a plurality parts arranged in a model of a jaw bone to secure the template to the model of the jaw bone.
22. The arrangement according to claim 21, wherein the template further comprises support parts which cooperate with said sleeves so that the template, upon removal of the expansion screws and the expansion spacers, acquires a precise lateral displacement position in which the positions of the sleeves are well defined.
23. The arrangement according to claim 21, wherein the model has a desired shape on a side facing toward an outwardly directed surface of the model.
24. An arrangement for determining position and fixation of an element in a vertical direction and a transverse direction in relation to a part in or on a bone or a model of a bone, the arrangement comprising:
a sleeve comprising an inner surface;
an expansion spacer extending through the sleeve and comprising an outer sleeve engaging surface and an inner conical expansion surface, the expansion spacer comprising a first flange at a first end of the expansion spacer extending in a radial direction relative to a longitudinal axis of the expansion spacer and configured to engage a first end of the sleeve, the expansion spacer further comprising a second flange at a second end of the expansion spacer extending in the radial direction relative to the longitudinal axis of the expansion spacer and configured to engage a second end of the sleeve when the expansion spacer is expanded to vertically fix the expansion spacer with respect to the sleeve;
an expansion screw extending through the expansion spacer and comprising an outer conical expansion surface configured to cooperate with the inner conical expansion surface on the expansion spacer to radially expand the expansion spacer causing the outer sleeve engaging surface on the expansion spacer to engage the inner surface of the sleeve, thereby determining the position of the sleeve relative to the part and fixing the sleeve causing the expansion spacer to engage the sleeve, wherein radial expansion of the expansion spacer causes an outer surface of the expansion spacer to be positioned substantially parallel to the inner surface of the sleeve; and
an assembly template configured to be arranged on soft tissue overlying the bone, the assembly template comprising a plurality of through holes extending therethrough, wherein the arrangement comprises a plurality of sleeves arranged in the through holes, a plurality of expansion spacers arranged in the plurality of sleeves and a plurality of expansion screws, and wherein the sleeves are arranged to lie opposite fixture dummies in a model or a fixture,
wherein when the expansion spacer is not expanded, the first flange has a first maximum diameter and the second flange has a second maximum diameter, the first maximum diameter being larger than the second maximum diameter and larger than a minimum diameter of the sleeve, the second flange being smaller than the minimum diameter of the sleeve, and when the expansion spacer is expanded, the second flange has a diameter being larger than the minimum diameter of the sleeve.
25. A fixing component and a assembly template having a sleeve for positioning and fixing an element in a vertical direction and a transverse direction in relation to a part in or on a bone, on soft tissue overlying bone or a model of a bone, the fixing component comprising:
an expansion screw comprising a conical expansion surface,
a first portion of the fixing component comprising
an outer sleeve engaging surface engaging the sleeve arranged in a through hole in an assembly template,
a central passage configured to receive the expansion screw, the central passage comprising an inner conical expansion surface configured to cooperate with the conical expansion surface on the expansion screw to radially expand the first portion causing the outer sleeve engaging surface on the first portion to engage the inner surface of the sleeve, thereby determining the position of the sleeve relative to the part and fixing the sleeve causing the first portion to engage the sleeve,
a first flange at a first end of the first portion extending in a radial direction relative to a longitudinal axis of the first portion and configured to engage a first end of the sleeve; and
a second flange at a second end of the first portion extending in the radial direction relative to the longitudinal axis of the first portion and configured to engage a second end of the sleeve when the first portion is expanded to vertically fix the first portion with respect to the sleeve,

a second portion connected to the second end of the first portion and configured to cooperate with an anchoring element;
wherein the fixing component comprises at least one slit extending at least along the entire longitudinal length of the first portion and through the first and second flanges.
26. The fixing component according to claim 25, wherein the first flange extends completely or partially over a first end surface of the sleeve, and the second flange extends completely or partially over a second end surface of the sleeve when the first portion is radially expanded.
27. The fixing component according to claim 25, wherein the template comprises a plurality of through holes extending therethrough, wherein a plurality of sleeves are arranged in the through holes, a plurality of first portions extend through the sleeves, a plurality of expansion screws extend through the first portions and are secured to a plurality parts arranged in a model of a jaw bone to secure the template to the model of the jaw bone.
28. The fixing component of claim 25, wherein when the first portion is not expanded, the first flange has a first maximum diameter and the second flange has a second maximum diameter, the first maximum diameter being larger than the second maximum diameter.
29. The fixing component of claim 25, wherein when the first portion is expanded, the outer surface of the first portion is substantially parallel to the inner surface of the sleeve.
30. The fixing component of claim 29, wherein when the first portion is not expanded, the outer surface of the first portion is non-parallel to the inner surface of the sleeve.

The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.

1. An image processing device comprising:
an acceptance unit which accepts an input of print data;
a decision unit which decides whether or not a draw instruction for a two-color image consisting of a background color and a foreground color is contained in the print data accepted by the acceptance unit; and
a conversion unit which converts to draw a graphic representing a part of the foreground color in the two-color image for an image drawn area, instead of a draw process in pixel units concerning the two-color image, when the decision unit decides that the draw instruction for the two-color image is contained in the print data.
2. The image processing device according to claim 1, wherein
when the decision unit decides that the draw instruction for the two-color image is contained in the print data, the conversion unit converts to smear up the image drawn area with the foreground color in the two-color image instead of the draw process in pixel units concerning the two-color image, and then to draw the graphic representing the part of the foreground color in the two-color image in the foreground color for the image drawn area having been smeared up.
3. The image processing device according to claim 1, wherein
when a designation of a transmission process using a logic operation is contained in the print data, the decision unit decides whether or not the draw instruction for the two-color image in which the background color to be transmitted is white and in which the foreground color to be substituted into a drawing color is black is contained as a draw instruction for an image on a front surface side in the transmission process, and
when the decision unit decides that the draw instruction for the two-color image is contained in the print data, the conversion unit converts to draw the graphic representing the part of the foreground color in the two-color image, for an image drawn area in which an image on a rear surface side in the transmission process is drawn, with the drawing color, and instead of the transmission process using the logic operation.
4. The image processing according to claim 1, wherein
the two-color image concerning the draw instruction contained in the print data is compressed by a compression scheme which utilizes the continuation number of an identical pixel value, and
when the decision unit decides that the draw instruction for the two-color image is contained in the print data, the conversion unit converts to draw the graphic on condition that a compression rate of the two-color image fulfills a preset criterion.
5. A computer readable medium storing a program causing a computer to execute a process for an image processing device to incarnate:
accepting an input of print data;
deciding whether or not a draw instruction for an image of two colors consisting of a background color and a foreground color is contained in the print data by the accepting; and
converting to draw a graphic representing a part of the foreground color in the two-color image for an image drawn area, instead of a draw process in pixel units concerning the two-color image, in case of the deciding that the draw instruction for the two-color image is contained in the print data.

1. A fluorescence detection apparatus which irradiates a sample with an excitation light having different wavelengths, and spectrally detects fluorescence from the sample, comprising:
a comparison unit comparing each wavelength of the excitation light with a starting wavelength of a fluorescent spectrum detection bandwidth of the fluorescence detection bandwidth; and
a determination unit determining an excitation light irradiation timing such that irradiation of the excitation wavelength is stopped when the wavelength of the excitation light is longer than the starting wavelength.
2. The apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising
a setting unit setting a width of the detection bandwidth of the fluorescent spectrum, an amount of a detecting step, and a range of a fluorescent spectrum to be detected, wherein
the determination unit controls excitation light irradiation timing based on the detection bandwidth of the fluorescent spectrum and the range of the fluorescent spectrum set by the setting unit.
3. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
the determination unit stops irradiation also when the excitation wavelength is in a predetermined offset range on a side of a wavelength shorter than the starting wavelength of the detection bandwidth.
4. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
the apparatus is a laser scanning confocal microscope apparatus, comprising:
a laser beam source generating a laser beam as the excitation light; and
an optical scanner for scanning the sample using the laser beam.
5. A fluorescence detection method of irradiating a sample with an excitation light having different wavelengths, and spectrally detects fluorescence from the sample, comprising:
comparing a wavelength of the excitation light with a starting wavelength of a fluorescent spectrum detection bandwidth; and
stopping irradiation when the wavelength of the excitation light is longer than the starting wavelength, and determining irradiation timing of the excitation light.
6. A computer-readable record medium storing a program for irradiating a sample with an excitation light having different wavelengths, and spectrally detecting the fluorescence from the sample by directing a computer to perform a process comprising:
a comparing function of comparing each wavelength of the excitation light with a starting wavelength of a fluorescent spectrum detection bandwidth; and
a determining function of determining irradiation timing of the excitation wavelength by stopping irradiation when the wavelength of the excitation light is longer than the starting wavelength.
7. A fluorescence detection apparatus which irradiates a sample with an excitation light having different wavelengths, and spectrally detects the fluorescence from the sample, comprising:
a spectroscopical system converting the fluorescence to a spectrum;
a measurement unit detecting the fluorescent spectrum formed by the spectroscopical system for each detection bandwidth from a starting wavelength to an ending wavelength;
comparison means for comparing each wavelength of the excitation light with the starting wavelength of the detection bandwidth; and
determination means for determining irradiation timing of the excitation light such that irradiation of the excitation wavelength is stopped when the wavelength is longer than the starting wavelength.
8. The apparatus according to claim 7, wherein the determination means stops irradiation of the wavelength of the excitation light also when the wavelength is in a predetermined offset range on a side of a wavelength shorter than the starting wavelength.
9. The apparatus according to claim 7, wherein
the apparatus is a laser scanning confocal microscope apparatus, comprising:
a laser beam source generating a laser beam as the excitation light; and

an optical scanner for scanning a sample using the laser beam.

The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.

1. A method for detecting a particle on a substrate, wherein the substrate is used in the fabrication of an integrated device, the method comprising:
contacting the integrated-device substrate with a monomer, wherein a particle that catalyzes the polymerization of the monomer is disposed on the substrate, and
detecting the particle using a particle counter.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the particle counter detects a property selected from the group consisting of number of particles, sizes of the particles, positions of the particles, and combinations thereof.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the particle counter is capable of detecting particles on both sides of the substrate without unmounting the substrate.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the particle counter detects particles optically.
5. The method of claim 4, wherein the particle counter is a laser scanner.
6. The method of claim 4, wherein the particle counter detects a property selected from the group consisting of absorbance, fluorescence, reflectance, refractive index, and polarization.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein a composition of the particle is identified.
8. The method of claim 7, wherein the composition of the particle is identified by the polymerization rate of the monomer.
9. The method of claim 8, wherein the monomer is polymerized by a plurality of particle types.
10. The method of claim 8, further comprising repeating the contacting and detecting steps.
11. The method of claim 1, wherein the substrate is contacted with a plurality of monomers.
12. The method of claim 11, wherein the plurality of monomers contact the substrate simultaneously.
13. The method of claim 11, wherein the plurality of monomers contact the substrate sequentially.
14. The method of claim 1, wherein the particle is a metal.
15. The method of claim 14, wherein the metal is copper.
16. The method of claim 1, wherein the substrate comprises silicon.
17. The method of claim 16, wherein the substrate comprises a single crystal silicon wafer.
18. The method of claim 1, wherein the monomer is in a vapor phase.
19. The method of claim 1, wherein the monomer is an alkene.
20. The method of claim 19, wherein the alkene is selected from the group consisting of styrene, methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate, and acrylonitrile.
21. The method of claim 1, wherein the monomer is selected from the group consisting of aniline and thiophene.
22. The method of claim 1, further comprising an initiator.
23. The method of claim 22, wherein the initiator is benzyl bromide.
24. The method of claim 1, wherein the substrate is irradiated with electromagnetic radiation.