All The Claims

1. An outsole having a heel region and a ball region along a longitudinal direction, said outsole being elastically deformable both forwards and backwards in the tangential direction and being essentially stiff with respect to tangential deformation only beyond a critical deformation in the region deformed so far,
wherein said outsole comprises first elements and at least one second element,
wherein said first elements affect the elastic deformability of said outsole in the tangential direction,
wherein said at least one second element affects the stiffness opposing the tangential deformation beyond said critical deformation as well as the degree of said critical deformation in the region deformed so far, and
wherein said first elements are tangentially deformable in all directions,
wherein said first elements are hollow and are thereby deformable up to the critical deformation also in case of strictly vertical stresses,
wherein, in the heel region and in the ball region of the outsole:
said first elements form first zones,
said at least one second element forms second zones,
said first and second zones repeatedly alternate in the longitudinal and in a transverse direction transverse to the longitudinal direction,
said a least one second element forms a coherent surface, in which said first elements are disposed in a scattered fashion, said at least one coherent surface having depressions and
said first elements are disposed in said depressions of said coherent surface, protrude with respect to said surface and can be deformed also at an angle into said depressions.
2. The outsole according to claim 1, wherein, beyond the critical deformation, said first elements are aligned with said at least one second element in the region deformed up to the critical deformation.
3. The outsole according to claim 1, wherein said at least one second element is not stressed until said critical deformation in the region, deformed up to the critical deformation, is reached.
4. The outsole according to claim 1, wherein said first elements and said at least one second element are fastened to the underside of an intermediate sole.
5. The outsole according to claim 1 and having a vertical axis, wherein said first elements have a rotationally symmetric shape with regard to the vertical axis.
6. The outsole according to claim 1, wherein said critical deformation is reached only after a tangential andor vertical deformation path which is greater than 20% of the deformable thickness of the outsole.
7. The outsole according to claim 1, said outsole having a possible tangential deformation path and a possible vertical deformation path, wherein the extent of the possible tangential deformation path until the critical deformation is reached corresponds approximately to the possible vertical deformation path until the critical deformation is reached.
8. The outsole according to claim 1, said outsole having a tangential path andor a vertical deformation path, wherein said critical deformation is reached only after reaching the tangential andor vertical deformation path, the tangential andor vertical deformation path being greater than 50% of the deformable thickness of said outsole.
9. The outsole according to claim 1, wherein said first elements and said at least one second element are formed at a layer of an elastically deformable material in one-piece.
10. The outsole according to claim 9, wherein the layer has a total height of h1, said first elements have a height in the range of 8 to 12 mm, and said at least one second element has a height h2 in the range of 4 to 8 mm.
11. The outsole according to claim 1, being an outsole for sport shoes.

The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.

1. A plasmon resonance device comprising
a layer-like anodic oxidized alumina comprising a plurality of independent pores; and
metallic particles filled in each of the independent pores of the anodic oxidized alumina, wherein:
each of the independent pores are isolated from each other;
each of the independent pores extend orthogonally to a layer plane; and
the plasmon resonance device is operable to reflect and transmit light so that an absorption or deposition of a substance on the metallic particles is measurable.
2. The device according to claim 1, wherein the anodic oxidized alumina is formed on a base material having at least aluminum on an uppermost layer.
3. (canceled)
4. (canceled)
5. The device according to claim 1, wherein the layer-like anodic oxidized alumina forms the entire sides and bottom of each of the plurality of independent pores.
6. The device according to claim 1, wherein the metallic particles are gold.
7. The device according to claim 1, wherein the metallic particles are silver.
8. The device according to claim 1, wherein the metallic particles completely fill each of the independent pores.
9. The device according to claim 1, wherein: the metallic particles fill an upper portion of each of the independent pores; and a lower portion of each of the independent pores is hollow.
10. The device according to claim 1, wherein the diameter dispersion of the independent pores is in the range of \xb13% or smaller.
11. The device according to claim 1, wherein a top surface of the layer-like anodic oxidized alumina is planar, and has an alternating surface structure of anodic oxidized alumina and the metallic particles filled in the independent pores.
12. The device according to claim 1, wherein the device is flexible.

1. A vehicle system for control of vehicle safety parameters, the system being arranged to determine a closing velocity between a host vehicle exterior portion and an external object, or a part thereof, in a road environment where the host vehicle and the external object approach each other, the system comprising:
image capturing means arranged at a first position of the host vehicle, the image capturing means being arranged to detect a field of view in a first direction and an extension of the external object, or a part thereof, in the field of view;
processing means arranged to estimate a time to collision between the first position and the external object, or the part thereof, from a change of ratio between the field of view and the extension of the external object, or the part thereof; and
a sensor arrangement arranged to detect a collision between the host vehicle exterior portion and the external object;
wherein the processing means further are arranged to determine a closing velocity between the host vehicle exterior portion and the external object, or the part thereof, for each of a plurality of time instances by dividing a distance between the first position and the host vehicle exterior portion by the estimated time to collision between the first position and the external object, or the part thereof, and the vehicle system is arranged to control one or more vehicle safety parameters as a function of a determined closing velocity.
2. The vehicle system according to claim 1 wherein the processing means are arranged to use a closing velocity between the host vehicle exterior portion and the external object, or a part thereof, determined within a predefined time from a collision detected by the sensor arrangement between the host vehicle exterior portion and the external object, or a part thereof, for control of the one or more safety parameters.
3. The vehicle system according to claim 1 wherein the processing means are arranged to use a closing velocity between the host vehicle exterior portion and the external object, or a part thereof, determined within a predefined time before a collision detected by the sensor arrangement between the host vehicle exterior portion and the external object, or a part thereof, for control of the one or more safety parameters.
4. The vehicle system according to claim 1 wherein the processing means are arranged to use a closing velocity between the host vehicle exterior portion and the external object determined immediately after a collision detected by the sensor arrangement between the host vehicle exterior portion and the external object for control of the one or more vehicle safety parameters.
5. The vehicle system according to claim 1 wherein the sensor arrangement comprises at least one of an accelerometer, a sensor arranged to detect direct pressure and a sensor arranged to detect pressure change in a tube or cavity.
6. The vehicle system according to claim 1 wherein the processing means are arranged to compensate a signal from a sensor in the sensor arrangement based on at least one of a sensor position, a sensor type, a signal velocity and a signal characteristic.
7. The vehicle system according to claim 1 wherein at least one of the processing means and the image capturing means comprise object recognition software for allowing the image capturing means to detect visible parts, details, or contours of the external object.
8. The vehicle system according to claim 1 wherein at least one of the processing means and the image capturing means comprise object recognition software for allowing the image capturing means to detect a spatial relation or change of spatial relation between visible parts, details, or contours of the external object.
9. The vehicle system according to claim 1 wherein the vehicle system is configured such that an image analysis of the field of view is restricted to a horizontal portion of the field of view, the restriction being based on an estimated distance between the host vehicle and the external object.
10. The vehicle system according to claim 1 wherein the vehicle system is arranged to control at least one occupant restraint system parameter.
11. The vehicle system according to claim 1 wherein the vehicle system is arranged to control an airbag-related parameter andor a safety belt related parameter.
12. A vehicle comprising the vehicle system for control of vehicle safety parameters according to claim 1.
13. A method for controlling vehicle safety parameters, the method comprising:
detecting a field of view in a first direction and an extension of an external object, or a part thereof, in the field of view;
estimating a time to collision between image capturing means in a first position of a host vehicle and the external object, or a part thereof, from a change of ratio between the field of view and the extension of the external object, or the part thereof;
determining a closing velocity between the host vehicle exterior portion and the external object, or the part thereof, for each time instance by dividing a distance between the first position and the host vehicle exterior portion by the estimated time to collision between the first position and the external object, or the part thereof; and
controlling one or more vehicle safety parameters as a function of the determined closing velocity.
14. The method for controlling vehicle safety parameters according to claim 13 comprising using a closing velocity between the host vehicle exterior portion and the external object, or the part thereof, determined within a predefined time from a detected collision between the host vehicle exterior portion and the external object for controlling of the one or more safety parameters.
15. A vehicle system for control of vehicle safety parameters, the system being arranged to determine a closing velocity between a host vehicle exterior portion and an external object, or a part thereof, in a road environment where the host vehicle and the external object approach each other, the system comprising:
a camera arranged at a first position of the host vehicle, the camera being arranged to detect a field of view in a first direction and an extension of the external object, or a part thereof, in the field of view; and
one or more processors arranged to estimate a time to collision between the first position and the external object, or the part thereof, from a change of ratio between the field of view and the extension of the external object, or the part thereof;
wherein the one or more processors are further arranged to determine a closing velocity between the host vehicle exterior portion and the external object, or the part thereof, for each of a plurality of time instances by dividing a distance between the first position and the host vehicle exterior portion by the estimated time to collision between the first position and the external object, or the part thereof, and the vehicle system is arranged to control one or more vehicle safety parameters as a function of a determined closing velocity.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.

1. A method of producing single crystal silicon by the Czochralski process, comprising
producing single crystal silicon having relatively low resistivity by controlling a height of a solid-liquid interface when the single crystal silicon is pulled up.
2. A method of producing single crystal silicon, comprising
controlling, when a single crystal silicon having 8-inch diameter is pulled up from a molten silicon containing P and Ge added thereto, the height x of a solid-liquid interface such that x satisfies the formula (1) below regarding resistivity y of the single crystal silicon.
y\u2266(1.235\xd71013)x3\u2212(1.310\xd71015)x2+(4.356\xd71018)x+2.715\xd71020\u2003\u2003(1)
3. A method of producing single crystal silicon, comprising
controlling, when a single crystal silicon having 6-inch diameter is pulled up from a molten silicon containing P and Ge added thereto, the height x of a solid-liquid interface such that x satisfies the formula (2) below regarding resistivity y of the single crystal silicon.
y\u2266(2.042\xd71014)x3\u2212(4.674\xd71014)x2+(4.242\xd71018)x+3.107\xd71020\u2003\u2003(2)
4. A method of producing single crystal silicon, comprising
controlling, when a single crystal silicon having 8-inch diameter is pulled up from a molten silicon containing P added thereto, the height x of a solid-liquid interface such that x satisfies the formula (3) below regarding resistivity y of the single crystal silicon.
y\u2266(1.235\xd71013)x3\u2212(1.310\xd71015)x2+(4.356\xd71018)x+2.715\xd71020\u2003\u2003(3)
5. A method of producing single crystal silicon, comprising
controlling, when a single crystal silicon having 6-inch diameter is pulled up from a molten silicon containing P added thereto, the height x of a solid-liquid interface such that x satisfies the formula (4) below regarding resistivity y of the single crystal silicon.
y\u2266(2.042\xd71014)x3\u2212(4.674\xd71014)x2+(4.242\xd71018)x+3.107\xd71020\u2003\u2003(4)
6. A method of producing single crystal silicon, comprising
controlling, when a single crystal silicon having 8-inch diameter is pulled up from a molten silicon containing As added thereto, the height x of a solid-liquid interface such that x satisfies the formula (5) below regarding resistivity y of the single crystal silicon.
y\u2266(4.273\xd71012)x3\u2212(1.978\xd71014)x2+(8.134\xd71017)x+5.008\xd71019\u2003\u2003(5)
7. A method of producing single crystal silicon, comprising
controlling, when a single crystal silicon having 6-inch diameter is pulled up from a molten silicon containing As added thereto, the height x of a solid-liquid interface such that x satisfies the formula (6) below regarding resistivity y of the single crystal silicon.
y\u2266(4.009\xd71013)x3\u2212(8.890\xd71012)x2+(7.934\xd71017)x+5.740\xd71019\u2003\u2003(6)
8. A method of producing single crystal silicon of claim 1, further comprising
controlling the height of a solid-liquid interface by adjusting at least one of a rotational rate of crystal, a rotational rate of a crucible, and strength of magnetic field applied to a molten silicon during a pulling-up operation of the crystal.