All The Claims

1-25. (canceled)
26. A method comprising:
providing inductive energy into a chamber from an induction device to sustain an atomization source within the chamber using inductive energy from an induction device; and
providing additional radio frequency from a boost device into the chamber comprising the sustained atomization source from a boost device, in which the boost device is separate from the induction device.
27. The method of claim 26, further comprising configuring the boost device as a coil.
28. The method of claim 27, further comprising configuring the induction device as an induction coil.
29. The method of claim 26, further comprising configuring the provided additional radio frequency energy to comprise a frequency of about 25 MHz to about 50 MHz.
30. The method of claim 26, further comprising configuring the provided additional radio frequency energy to comprise a power of about 100 Watts to about 2,000 Watts.
31. The method of claim 26, further comprising detecting species in the chamber using a detection device.
32. The method of claim 26, further comprising providing species in the chamber to a mass analyzer.
33. The method of claim 26, further comprising configuring the atomization source as an inductively coupled plasma.
34. The method of claim 26, further comprising configuring the atomization source as a flame.
35. The method of claim 26, further comprising configuring the provided radio frequency energy as pulsed radio frequency energy.
36. A method comprising:
providing inductive energy into a first chamber from an induction device to sustain an atomization source within the first chamber using inductive energy from an induction device; and
providing radio frequency from a boost device into a second chamber, fluidically coupled to the first chamber, in which the boost device is separate from the induction device and in which the first chamber is separate from the second chamber.
37. The method of claim 36, further comprising configuring the boost device as a coil.
38. The method of claim 37, further comprising configuring the induction device as an induction coil.
39. The method of claim 36, further comprising configuring the provided radio frequency energy to comprise a frequency of about 25 MHz to about 50 MHz.
40. The method of claim 36, further comprising configuring the provided radio frequency energy to comprise a power of about 100 Watts to about 2,000 Watts.
41. The method of claim 36, further comprising detecting species in the second chamber using a detection device.
42. The method of claim 36, further comprising providing species in the second chamber to a mass analyzer.
43. The method of claim 36, further comprising configuring the atomization source as an inductively coupled plasma.
44. The method of claim 36, further comprising configuring the atomization source as a flame.
45. The method of claim 36, further comprising providing an interface between the first chamber and the second chamber.

The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claims which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.

1. A printing system comprising a print server, at least one mediation apparatus, and at least one image forming apparatus,
said print server including:
a first connection unit configured to establish a connection with said at least one mediation apparatus and to maintain the established connection to be able to transmit data from said print server serving as a source;
a management unit configured to manage a mediation apparatus and an image forming apparatus in association with each other as a group;
a transfer instruction transmission unit configured, upon receiving a print instruction, to determine, among said at least one mediation apparatus, a mediation apparatus to which a print request transfer instruction is to be transmitted, and to transmit the print request transfer instruction to the determined mediation apparatus via the maintained connection; and
a processing unit configured, upon receiving a print job acquisition request, to transmit a print job in response to the print job acquisition request,

said mediation apparatus including:
a second connection unit configured to establish a connection with said print server in correspondence with said first connection unit of said print server, and to maintain the established connection to be able to transmit data from said print server serving as a source;
a transfer instruction reception unit configured to receive the print request transfer instruction from said print server via the maintained connection;
a determination unit configured to analyze the received print request transfer instruction and to determine, among image forming apparatuses associated as the same group, an image forming apparatus which is to execute print processing; and
a print request transmission unit configured to transmit a print request to the image forming apparatus determined by said determination unit, and

said image forming apparatus including:
a print request reception unit configured to receive the print request from said mediation apparatus;
a print job acquisition unit configured, in order to acquire a print job corresponding to the print request, to transmit the print job acquisition request to said print server and to receive the print job as a response to the print job acquisition request; and
a printing unit configured to execute print processing for the print job received by said print job acquisition unit.
2. A printing system comprising a print server, at least one mediation apparatus, and at least one image forming apparatus,
said print server including:
a first connection unit configured to establish a connection with said at least one mediation apparatus and to maintain the established connection to be able to transmit data from said print server serving as a source;
a management unit configured to manage a mediation apparatus and an image forming apparatus in association with each other as a group; and
a transfer instruction transmission unit configured, upon receiving a print instruction, to determine, among said at least one mediation apparatus, a mediation apparatus to which a print request transfer instruction is to be transmitted, and to transmit a print request transfer instruction containing a print job to the determined mediation apparatus via the maintained connection,

said mediation apparatus including:
a second connection unit configured to establish a connection with said print server in correspondence with said first connection unit of said print server, and to maintain the established connection to be able to transmit data from said print server serving as a source;
a transfer instruction reception unit configured to receive the print request transfer instruction from said print server via the maintained connection;
a determination unit configured to analyze the received print request transfer instruction and to determine, among image forming apparatuses associated as the same group, an image forming apparatus which is to execute print processing; and
a print request transmission unit configured to transmit a print request containing a print job to the image forming apparatus determined by said determination unit, and

said image forming apparatus including:
a print request reception unit configured to receive the print request from said mediation apparatus; and
a printing unit configured to execute print processing for the print job contained in the print request received by said print request reception unit.
3. The system according to claim 1, wherein
said image forming apparatus further includes a mediation apparatus management unit configured to manage a mediation apparatus in a group associated with said image forming apparatus,
said mediation apparatus management unit inquires, of said print server, information of a mediation apparatus associated with the same group and manages said mediation apparatus based on a response to the inquiry, and
said management unit of said print server transmits information of said mediation apparatus associated with the same group as a group of said image forming apparatus in response to the inquiry from said image forming apparatus about information of said mediation apparatus.
4. The system according to claim 3, wherein
said image forming apparatus further includes respective units of said mediation apparatus,
when a mediation apparatus associated with the same group as a group of said image forming apparatus does not exist in responding to an inquiry from said image forming apparatus about information of said mediation apparatus, said management unit of said print server transmits an instruction to said image forming apparatus to operate as a mediation apparatus, and
upon receiving the instruction from said print server to operate as a mediation apparatus, said mediation apparatus management unit of said image forming apparatus operates respective units of said image forming apparatus operating as said mediation apparatus.
5. The system according to claim 1, wherein
said image forming apparatus further includes:
an identification information acquisition unit configured to acquire, from said mediation apparatus, identification information for identifying a group; and
a registration request transmission unit configured, when said identification information acquisition unit has acquired the identification information, to transmit, to said print server, a registration request containing the identification information and information of said image forming apparatus, and

said management unit of said print server manages said image forming apparatus in association with the group indicated by the identification information in response to the registration request from said image forming apparatus.
6. The system according to claim 5, wherein
when said identification information acquisition unit of said image forming apparatus could not acquire the identification information, said registration request transmission unit transmits a registration request containing no identification information to said print server, and
said management unit of said print server issues new identification information in response to the registration request containing no identification information, and manages the new identification information and said image forming apparatus in association with each other.
7. A printing method in a printing system including a print server, at least one mediation apparatus, and at least one image forming apparatus, comprising:
in the print server,
a first connection step of establishing a connection with said at least one mediation apparatus and maintaining the established connection to be able to transmit data from the print server serving as a source;
a management step of managing a mediation apparatus and an image forming apparatus in association with each other as a group;
a transfer instruction transmission step of, upon receiving a print instruction, determining, among said at least one mediation apparatus, a mediation apparatus to which a print request transfer instruction is to be transmitted, and transmitting the print request transfer instruction to the determined mediation apparatus via the maintained connection; and
a processing step of, upon receiving a print job acquisition request, transmitting a print job in response to the print job acquisition request,

in the mediation apparatus,
a second connection step of establishing a connection with the print server in correspondence with the first connection step in the print server, and maintaining the established connection to be able to transmit data from the print server serving as a source;
a transfer instruction reception step of receiving the print request transfer instruction from the print server via the maintained connection;
a determination step of analyzing the received print request transfer instruction and determining, among image forming apparatuses associated as the same group, an image forming apparatus which is to execute print processing; and
a print request transmission step of transmitting a print request to the image forming apparatus determined in the determination step, and

in the image forming apparatus,
a print request reception step of receiving the print request from the mediation apparatus;
a print job acquisition step of, in order to acquire a print job corresponding to the print request, transmitting the print job acquisition request to the print server and receiving the print job as a response to the print job acquisition request; and
a printing step of executing print processing for the print job received in the print job acquisition step.
8. A printing method in a printing system including a print server, at least one mediation apparatus, and at least one image forming apparatus, comprising:
in the print server,
a first connection step of establishing a connection with said at least one mediation apparatus and maintaining the established connection to be able to transmit data from the print server serving as a source;
a management step of managing a mediation apparatus and an image forming apparatus in association with each other as a group; and
a transfer instruction transmission step of, upon receiving a print instruction, determining, among said at least one mediation apparatus, a mediation apparatus to which a print request transfer instruction is to be transmitted, and transmitting a print request transfer instruction containing a print job to the determined mediation apparatus via the maintained connection,

in the mediation apparatus,
a second connection step of establishing a connection with the print server in correspondence with the first connection step of the print server, and maintaining the established connection to be able to transmit data from the print server serving as a source;
a transfer instruction reception step of receiving the print request transfer instruction from the print server via the maintained connection;
a determination step of analyzing the received print request transfer instruction and determining, among image forming apparatuses associated as the same group, an image forming apparatus which is to execute print processing; and
a print request transmission step of transmitting a print request containing a print job to the image forming apparatus determined in the determination step, and

in the image forming apparatus,
a print request reception step of receiving the print request from the mediation apparatus; and
a printing step of executing print processing for the print job contained in the print request received in the print request reception step.
9. A print server in a printing system including a print server, at least one mediation apparatus, and at least one image forming apparatus, comprising:
a connection unit configured to establish a connection with said at least one mediation apparatus and to maintain the established connection to be able to transmit data from the print server serving as a source;
a management unit configured to manage a mediation apparatus and an image forming apparatus in association with each other as a group;
a transfer instruction transmission unit configured, upon receiving a print instruction, to determine, among said at least one mediation apparatus, a mediation apparatus to which a print request transfer instruction is to be transmitted, and to transmit the print request transfer instruction to the determined mediation apparatus via the maintained connection; and
a processing unit configured, upon receiving a print job acquisition request, to transmit a print job in response to the print job acquisition request.
10. A mediation apparatus in a printing system including a print server, at least one mediation apparatus, and at least one image forming apparatus, comprising:
a connection unit configured to establish a connection with the print server and to maintain the established connection to be able to transmit data from the print server serving as a source;
a transfer instruction reception unit configured to receive a print request transfer instruction from the print server via the maintained connection;
a determination unit configured to analyze the received print request transfer instruction and to determine, among image forming apparatuses associated as the same group, an image forming apparatus which is to execute print processing; and
a print request transmission unit configured to transmit a print request to the image forming apparatus determined by said determination unit.
11. An image forming apparatus in a printing system including a print server, at least one mediation apparatus, and at least one image forming apparatus, comprising:
a print request reception unit configured to receive a print request from the mediation apparatus;
a print job acquisition unit configured, in order to acquire a print job corresponding to the print request, to transmit a print job acquisition request to the print server and to receive the print job as a response to the print job acquisition request; and
a printing unit configured to execute print processing for the print job received by said print job acquisition unit.
12. A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing a program for causing a computer to function as
a connection unit configured to establish a connection with at least one mediation apparatus configured to mediate an instruction to a printing apparatus, and to maintain the established connection to be able to transmit data from the computer serving as a source,
a management unit configured to manage a mediation apparatus and an image forming apparatus in association with each other as a group,
a transfer instruction transmission unit configured, upon receiving a print instruction, to determine, among said at least one mediation apparatus, a mediation apparatus to which a print request transfer instruction is to be transmitted, and to transmit the print request transfer instruction to the determined mediation apparatus via the maintained connection, and
a processing unit configured, upon receiving a print job acquisition request, to transmit a print job in response to the print job acquisition request.
13. A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing a program for causing a computer to function as
a connection unit configured to establish a connection with the print server and to maintain the established connection to be able to transmit data from the print server serving as a source,
a transfer instruction reception unit configured to receive a print request transfer instruction from the print server via the maintained connection, a determination unit configured to analyze the received print request transfer instruction and to determine, among image forming apparatuses associated as the same group, an image forming apparatus which is to execute print processing, and
a print request transmission unit configured to transmit a print request to the image forming apparatus determined by said determination unit.
14. A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing a program for causing a computer to function as
a print request reception unit configured to receive a print request,
a print job acquisition unit configured, in order to acquire a print job corresponding to the print request, to transmit a print job acquisition request to a print server and receives the print job as a response to the print job acquisition request, and
a printing unit configured to execute print processing for the print job received by said print job acquisition unit.

1. A navigation device arranged to give navigation instructions to a driver of a vehicle, said navigation device comprising a computer processor configured to execute the following steps:
determining a route from an origin to a destination;
producing a set of base instructions for the driver to enable the driver to travel the determined route;
recording at least one driving behavior parameter of said driver
building up a driver profile using said at least one recorded driving behavior parameter;
updating the built up driver profile when the driver is driving unless an exception occurs due to at least one of traffic and weather conditions;
converting the produced set of base instructions into a set of output instructions depending on said built up driver profile; and
outputting the output instructions to the driver of the vehicle by way of one or more of an audio system and a display system.
2. The navigation device of claim 1, wherein a plurality of driver profiles are stored on said navigation device, each driver profile being associated with a different driver.
3. The navigation device of claim 2, wherein the computer processor is further configured to execute the steps of recognizing the driver of the vehicle, and selecting the stored driver profile associated with the recognized driver.
4. The navigation device of claim 1, wherein said at least one driving behavior parameter comprises data indicative of a degree of aggression of said driver, the degree of aggression being based on at least one of:
a measured acceleration of the vehicle; a measured deceleration of the vehicle;
and a curve acceleration during a curve.
5. The navigation device of claim 4, wherein said data indicative of a degree of aggression of said driver comprises at least one of: an acceleration factor equal to a moving average of an acceleration of the vehicle divided by a predefined maximum acceleration; a deceleration factor equal to a moving average of a deceleration in of the vehicle divided by a predefined maximum deceleration; and a curve aggression factor equal to a moving average of a curve acceleration during a curve divided by a predefined maximum curve acceleration.
6. The navigation device of claim 1, wherein said driver profile is built up by adapting a preset driver profile.
7. The navigation device of claim 1, wherein said driver profile comprises at least one of: home address, driver ID, date of birth, for a plurality of predefined areas, the number of times an administrative area has been visited, number of times certain destinations are driven, percentage of exits ignored by driver, percentage of turns where driver mistook left for right or vice versa, degree of aggression, mobile phone number, driver is making a phone call at the moment at least one of the set of output instructions is planned for the near future, difficulty level of the driving conditions, driver does not want navigation instructions in his own home location or recent destination, arranged for each destination, drivers susceptibility to the current day of week, and drivers susceptibility to the time of day.
8. The navigation device claim 1, wherein said step of converting comprises converting each base instruction out of said produced set of base instructions into K output instructions, wherein K is an integer value larger than or equal to zero, depending on data in said at least one built up driver profile.
9. The navigation device of claim 1, wherein said step of converting comprises determining at least one of: (i) a voice used to utter at least one of the set of output instructions; (ii) a volume used to utter at least one of the set of output instructions; (iii) a timing of the set of output instructions; and (iv) a distance between a point at which at least one of the set of output instructions is given and a point of the route associated with the at least one of the set of output instructions, depending on said at least one built up driver profile.
10. The navigation device of claim 1, wherein the set of base instructions does not comprise human instructions and the output instructions comprise human instructions.
11. A non-transitory data carrier, comprising a computer program which, when executed on a processor of a navigation device, causes the navigation device to perform a method comprising:
determining a route from an origin to a destination:
producing a set of base instructions for driver to enable the driver to travel the determined route:
recording at least one driving behavior parameter of said driver;
building up a driver profile using said at least one recorded driving behavior parameter, and storing said built up driver profile on said navigation device;
updating the built up driver profile when the driver is driving unless an exception occurs due to at least on of traffic and weather conditions;
converting the produced set of base instructions into a set of output instructions depending on said built up driver profile; and
outputting the output instructions to the driver of the vehicle.
12. A method for providing navigation directions using a navigation device located in a vehicle, the navigation device comprising a computer processor, the method comprising:
determining, by the computer processor, a route from an origin to a destination;
producing, by the computer processor, a set of base instructions for the driver to enable the driver to travel the determined route;
recording, by the computer processor, at least one driving behavior parameter of said driver building up, by the computer processor, a driver profile using said at least one recorded driving behavior parameter, and storing said built up driver profile on said navigation device;
updating, by the computer processor, the built up driver profile when the driver is driving unless an exception occurs due to at least one of traffic and weather conditions;
converting, by the computer processor, the produced set of base instructions into a set of output instructions depending on said built up driver profile; and
outputting the output instructions to the driver of the vehicle by way of one or more of an audio system and a display system.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claims which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.

1. A system comprising:
a printing module arranged to print patterns on a substrate by inkjetting ink on the substrate; and
a substrate supporting module that comprises:
a porous material module for supporting the substrate and providing vacuum to multiple locations of the substrate when the substrate is placed on a flat upper surface of the porous material module; and an interface module that comprises:
at least one inlet for receiving vacuum from a vacuum system;
at least one outlet for providing the vacuum to the porous material module; and
at least one structural element arranged to contact the porous material module and provide mechanical support to the porous material module.
2. The system according to claim 1, wherein the interface module is made of a material that is more durable then a porous material of the porous material module.
3. The system according to claim 1, wherein the porous material module is made of a porous material that has microscopic scale pores.
4. The system according to claim 1, comprising multiple porous material modules.
5. The system according to claim 4, wherein flat upper surfaces of the multiple porous material modules are located at a same plane.
6. The system according to claim 4, wherein the multiple porous material modules are proximate to each other.
7. The system according to claim 4, wherein the substrate supporting module is configured to support substrates of different shapes and sizes; wherein different combinations of porous material modules firs substrates of different shapes and sizes.
8. The system according to claim 1, wherein the porous material module and the interface module, when put together, define at least one inner space that interfaces between the at least one outlet of the interface module and a lower surface of the porous material module.
9. The system according to claim 8, wherein the at least one inner space spans along a majority of the lower surface of the porous material.
10. The system according to claim 8, wherein one or more structural elements of the interface module are located within the at least one inner spaces.
11. The system according to claim 1, wherein the porous material module and the interface module, when put together, define multiple inner spaces, wherein the multiple inner spaces interface between the at least one outlet of the interface module and multiple areas of a lower surface of the porous material module; wherein the interface module comprises vacuum control components for independently selecting a provision of vacuum to at least two of the multiple inner spaces.
12. The system according to claim 1, comprising at least one vacuum measurement unit.
13. The system according to claim 1, wherein the interface module comprises multiple
14. A method for supporting a substrate, the method comprising:
providing structural support to a porous material module of a substrate supporting module by an intermediate module of the substrate supporting module;
placing the substrate on a flat upper surface of the porous material module;
receiving vacuum via at least one inlet of the intermediate module;
providing the vacuum to at least a lower surface of the porous material module;
providing the vacuum to multiple locations of the substrate via the flat upper surface of the porous material module; and
printing on the substrate by inkjetting ink on the substrate.