All The Claims

1. A coating solution for forming an ultraviolet-absorbing film, comprising:
a silicon oxide-based matrix material component consisting of at least one selected from hydrolyzable silicon compounds;
an ultraviolet absorber;
an acid having a primary proton pKa of from 1.0 to 5.0; and
a water.
2. The coating solution for forming an ultraviolet-absorbing film according to claim 1,
wherein the acid is contained in a proportion of from 0.005 to 5.0 molkg as the molar concentration, based on the total mass of the coating solution, of the proton when the primary proton of the acid is completely dissociated.
3. The coating solution for forming an ultraviolet-absorbing film according to claim 1,
wherein the acid is at least one selected from the group consisting of acetic acid, lactic acid, maleic acid, malonic acid, and oxalic acid.
4. The coating solution for forming an ultraviolet-absorbing film according to claims 1,
wherein the silicon oxide-based matrix material component contains a tetrafunctional hydrolyzable silicon compound which may contain a partially hydrolyzed condensate thereof as the main component and, the coating solution for forming an ultraviolet-absorbing film further comprises a flexibility-imparting component.
5. The coating solution for forming an ultraviolet-absorbing film according to claims 1,
wherein the silicon oxide-based matrix material component contains a tetrafunctional hydrolyzable silicon compound and a trifunctional hydrolyzable silicon compound which may contain their respective partially hydrolyzed condensates andor a partially hydrolyzed co-condensate of both of them as the main component.
6. The coating solution for forming an ultraviolet-absorbing film according to claims 1,
wherein the ultraviolet absorber is a benzophenone-type ultraviolet absorber.
7. The coating solution for forming an ultraviolet-absorbing film according to claim 6,
wherein the benzophenone-type ultraviolet absorber is a hydrolyzable silicon compound obtained by causing a hydroxylated benzophenone-type compound and an epoxidized hydrolyzable silicon compound to react with each other.
8. The coating solution for forming an ultraviolet-absorbing film according to claims 1,
wherein the content of the ultraviolet absorber is from 1 to 50 parts by mass based on 100 parts by mass of the silicon oxide-based matrix material component.
9. The coating solution for forming an ultraviolet-absorbing film according to claims 1,
wherein the content of the water is from 1 to 20 equivalents by a molar ratio to the amount calculated as SiO2 of the silicon oxide-based matrix material component.
10. The coating solution for forming an ultraviolet-absorbing film according to claims 1, further comprising fine silica particles.
11. The coating solution for forming an ultraviolet-absorbing film according to claim 10,
wherein the content of the fine silica particles is from 0.5 to 50 parts by mass based on 100 parts by mass of the silicon oxide-based matrix material component.
12. The coating solution for forming an ultraviolet-absorbing film according to claims 1,
wherein the content of the silicon oxide-based matrix material component to the total mass of the coating solution is from 1 to 20 mass % as the content of SiO2 when silicon atoms contained in the component are calculated as SiO2.
13. An ultraviolet-absorbing glass article, comprising:
a glass substrate; and
an ultraviolet-absorbing film formed on at least part of the glass substrate surface by using the coating solution for forming an ultraviolet-absorbing film according to claims 1.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claims which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.

1. A refrigerator, comprising:
a body;
a storage compartment formed at an inside the body;
an ice making compartment provided at an inside the body while being divided from the storage compartment;
a cool air supplying apparatus having a compressor, a condenser, an expansion apparatus, an evaporator, and a refrigerant pipe, at least a portion of which is disposed at an inside the ice making compartment so that a cooling energy is supplied to the ice making compartment;
an ice making tray configured to be contacted with the refrigerant pipe in the ice making compartment so that the ice making tray directly receives cooling energy from the refrigerant pipe in the ice making compartment;
an ejector rotatively disposed at an upper side of the ice making tray to separate ice from the ice making tray;
an ice bucket provided at a lower side of an ice maker to store the ice separated from the ice making tray; and
a driving apparatus disposed at one longitudinal side of the ice making tray to drive the ejector and control an ice making process,
wherein the driving apparatus comprises
a driving apparatus case provided with an open front surface and having an inside space thereof;
a cover configured to be attacheddetached on the open front surface of the driving apparatus case to openclose the open front surface of the case; and
a driving module having an ice separating motor configured to generate a rotational force to rotate the ejector, a circuit board configured to control the ice making process, and a module case configured to accommodate the ice separating motor and the circuit board,
wherein the driving module is configured to be inserted in a sliding manner to be mounted at the inside space of the driving apparatus case through the open front surface of the driving apparatus case, or is configured to be withdrawn in a sliding manner through the open front surface of the driving apparatus case to be separated from the inside space of the driving apparatus case.
2. The refrigerator of claim 1, wherein each of the module case and the driving apparatus case is provided with at least one coupling hole, to which a coupling member is coupled, formed thereto in order to fix the driving module at the inside space of the driving apparatus case.
3. The refrigerator of claim 2, wherein the coupling member is coupled to the coupling hole through the open front surface of the driving apparatus case.
4. The refrigerator of claim 1, wherein the driving module comprises a driving gear coupled to a rotational shaft of the ice separating motor, a driven gear coupled to a rotational shaft of the ejector, and at least one electro-motion gear coupled in between the driving gear and the driven gear in an interlocking manner.
5. The refrigerator of claim 4, wherein the electro-motion gear comprises a large-size gear configured to receive a rotational force and a small-size gear having a smaller radius compared to a radius of the large-size gear to deliver the received rotational force at a reduced speed.
6. The refrigerator of claim 4, wherein the driven gear is disposed at an outside of the module case.
7. The refrigerator of claim 4, wherein the driven gear comprises a connecting bar having an insertion groove into which the rotational shaft of the ejector is inserted, and protruded toward a direction of a shaft of the driven gear in order to rotate along with the driven gear, and
the ejector is rotated along with the driven gear as the rotational shaft of the ejector is insertedly coupled to the insertion groove.
8. The refrigerator of claim 1, wherein the module case is formed with a heat insulation material.
9. A refrigerator, comprising:
a body;
a storage compartment formed at an inside the body;
an ice making compartment provided at an inside the body while being divided from the storage compartment;
a cool air supplying apparatus having a compressor, a condenser, an expansion apparatus, an evaporator, and a refrigerant pipe, at least a portion of the refrigerant pipe is disposed at an inside the ice making compartment so that a cooling energy is supplied to the ice making compartment;
an ice making tray configured to be contacted with the refrigerant pipe in the ice making compartment so that the ice making tray directly receives cooling energy from the refrigerant pipe in the ice making compartment;
an ejector rotatively disposed at an upper side of the ice making tray to separate ice from the ice making tray;
an ice bucket provided at a lower side of the ice maker to store the ice separated from the ice making tray; and
a driving apparatus disposed at one longitudinal side of the ice making tray to drive the ejector and control an ice making process,
wherein the driving apparatus comprises a driving apparatus case and a driving module configured to be attacheddetached at an inside the driving apparatus case,
the driving module comprises a module case, an ice separating motor accommodated at an inside of the module case and configured to generate a rotational force, and a plurality of gears configured to rotate while being interlocked to each other so that the rotational force of the ice separating motor is delivered to the ejector, and
at least one of the plurality of gears is disposed at an outside of the module case so that the at least one gear is coupled to a rotational shaft of the ejector.
10. The refrigerator of claim 9, wherein a rotational shaft of the at least one gear disposed at the outside the module case is formed in a same line with the rotational shaft of the ejector.
11. The refrigerator of claim 9, wherein the at least one gear disposed at the outside the module case is provided with an insertion groove formed thereto so that the rotational shaft of the ejector is insertedly coupled to the insertion groove.
12. A refrigerator having an ice making compartment and a refrigerant pipe, comprising:
an ice making tray configured to contact the refrigerant pipe;
an ejector rotatively above the ice making tray to separate ice from the ice making tray;
an ice bucket below the ice maker to store the ice separated from the ice making tray; and
a driving apparatus to drive the ejector, the driving apparatus including a driving apparatus case and a driving module,
wherein the driving module comprises a module case, an ice separating motor accommodated at an inside the module case and a plurality of gears configured to rotate while being interlocked to each other, at least one of the plurality of gears being disposed at an outside of the module case and configured to be coupled to a rotational shaft of the ejector, the driving module being an integrated unit that is removably attachable to an inside of the driving apparatus case via a fastening member.
13. The refrigerator of claim 12, wherein a rotational shaft of the at least one gear disposed at the outside the module case is formed in a same line with the rotational shaft of the ejector.
14. The refrigerator of claim 12, wherein the at least one gear disposed at the outside the module case is provided with an insertion groove formed thereto so that the rotational shaft of the ejector is insertedly coupled to the insertion groove.

1. A ferromagnetic thin-film based digital memory, said memory comprising:
a substrate;
a plurality of bit structures, each supported on said substrate and separated from one another by spacer material therebetween, that are electrically interconnected with information storage and retrieval circuitry, said bit structures each comprising first and second relatively fixed magnetization layers each with a magnetization direction substantially opposite one another and formed of materials selected from only ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic materials, and a ferromagnetic material film in which a characteristic magnetic property is substantially maintained below a first critical temperature above which such magnetic property is not maintained, and with said ferromagnetic material film being separated from said first relatively fixed magnetization layer by a first intermediate layer of a nonmagnetic material having first and second major surfaces and further being separated from said second relatively fixed magnetization layer by a second intermediate layer of a nonmagnetic material having first and second major surfaces with said nonmagnetic material of one of said first and second intermediate layers being electrically insulative and that one remaining being electrically conductive, said bit structures each having a first interconnection structure providing electrical contact thereto positioned against a first contact surface thereof substantially parallel to said major surfaces of said first and second intermediate layers and also between said first contact surface and said substrate; and
a plurality of word line structures each having a pair of word line end terminal regions adapted to conduct electrical current in at least one direction therethrough, each of said pairs of word line end terminal regions having an electrical conductor electrically connected therebetween which is located on an opposite side of said first and second intermediate layers of a corresponding one of said bit structures from said first interconnection structure providing electrical contact thereto, said information storage and retrieval circuitry for drawing electrical current selectively through each said bit structure and said first interconnection structure providing electrical contact thereto to raise temperatures of said ferromagnetic material film therein while being above temperatures of at least an adjacent said bit structure because of sufficient extent of, and smallness of thermal conductivities of, at least portions of said selected bit structure and of those portions of said substrate and said spacer material positioned thereabout.
2. The device of claim 1 wherein said plurality of word line structures each has said electrical conductor therein located across said spacer material from said corresponding one of said bit structures, and wherein each of said bit structures has a second interconnection structure providing electrical contact thereto positioned against a second contact surface thereof substantially parallel to said first and second intermediate layer first and second major surfaces located on an opposite side of said first and second intermediate layers therein from said first interconnection structure also providing electrical contact thereto.
3. The device of claim 2 further comprising said plurality of bit structures each having a relatively high thermal resistance material layer located between said first intermediate layer and said first interconnection structure which has a thermal diffusivity less than that of said first interconnection structure, and another relatively high thermal resistance material layer located between said second intermediate layer and said second interconnection structure which has a thermal diffusivity less than that of said second interconnection structure.
4. The device of claim 1 wherein said plurality of word line structures each has said electrical conductor therein providing electrical contact to said corresponding one of said bit structures through being against a second contact surface thereof substantially parallel to said intermediate layer major surfaces located on an opposite side of said intermediate layer therein from said first interconnection structure also providing electrical contact thereto.
5. The device of claim 4 further comprising said plurality of bit structures each having a relatively high thermal resistance material layer located between said first intermediate layer and said first interconnection structure which has a thermal diffusivity less than that of said first interconnection structure, and another relatively high thermal resistance material layer located between said second intermediate layer and said corresponding word line electrical conductor providing electrical contact thereto which has a thermal diffusivity less than that of that said corresponding word line electrical conductor.
6. The device of claim 4 further comprising said plurality of word line structures each having said electrical conductor therein providing electrical contact to said corresponding one of said bit structures has at least one side thereof cladded with a magnetically permeable material.
7. The device of claim 6 further comprising said magnetically permeable material extending from where cladding a said electrical conductor corresponding to one of said bit structures to being positioned across at least from opposite edges of said first and second intermediate layers in that said bit structure.
8. The device of claim 1 further comprising said plurality of bit structures each having a relatively high thermal resistance material layer located between said intermediate layer and said first interconnection structure which has a thermal diffusivity less than that of said first interconnection structure.
9. The device of claim 8 wherein said relatively high thermal resistance material layer also is antiferromagnetic.
10. The device of claim 1 wherein said information storage and retrieval circuitry has a plurality of transistors therein so that each of said plurality of bit structures has a said transistor electrically coupled thereto that selectively substantially prevents current in at least one direction along a current path through that said bit structure.
11. The device of claim 1 wherein that said one of said first and second intermediate layers formed of an electrically insulative nonmagnetic material has differing values of electrical resistance between said first and second major surfaces thereof at least at two differing locations across said first and second major surfaces.

The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claims which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.

1. A stackable garment hanger, comprising:
a hook; and
two shoulder regions, each of the shoulder regions being disposed on opposing sides of the hook and having an elongated, substantially planar region having a front surface, a rear surface, and an elongated edge, a raised periphery region extending along at least a portion of the edge of each planar region, each raised periphery region being raised relative to both the front and rear surfaces of an associated planar region of an associated shoulder region;
wherein at least a portion of the stackable garment hanger is configured to nest within at an outline of at least a portion of another, identically designed garment hanger when the garment hanger and the identically designed garment hanger are stacked vertically.
2. The invention according to claim 1, wherein multiple instances of the stackable garment hanger are vertically stackable in a back-and-forth, undulating manner, with at least a portion of each instance of a stackable garment hanger nesting within an outline of a successive stackable garment hanger within an overall stack of stackable garment hangers.
3. The invention according to claim 1, wherein the stackable garment hanger further includes at least two apertures extending through a portion of the garment hanger, the two apertures being separated by a distance substantially corresponding to an offset distance between adjacent instances of the stackable garment hanger when multiple stackable garment hangers are stacked vertically in the undulating, back-and-forth orientation.
4. The invention according to claim 3, wherein a coaxial opening extends through only one of the two apertures of each stackable garment hangers when a plurality of stackable garment hangers are stacked in the undulating, back-and-forth orientation.
5. The invention according to claim 1, wherein the stackable garment hanger has a front side and a rear side, the rear side being substantially a mirror image of the front side.
6. The invention according to claim 1, further comprising a pant bar having an elongated, substantially planar region having a front surface, a rear surface, and an elongated edge, a raised periphery region extending along at least a portion of the edge of the substantially planar region, the raised periphery region being raised relative to both the front and rear surfaces of the planar region of the pant bar.
7. The invention according to claim 1, further comprising a crossbar having an elongated, substantially planar region having a front surface, a rear surface, and an elongated edge, a raised periphery region extending along at least a portion of the edge of the substantially planar region, the raised periphery region being raised relative to both the front and rear surfaces of the planar region of the crossbar.
8. The invention according to claim 1, wherein the hook includes a substantially planar region having a front surface, a rear surface, and an elongated edge, a raised periphery region extending along at least a portion of the edge of the hook, the raised periphery region being raised relative to both the front and rear surfaces of the planar region of the hook.