All The Claims

1. A radiator structure, comprising:
a radiator frame, mounted on a main board corresponding to an electronic element, having a plurality of coupling members and an opening corresponding to the electronic element which has a surface exceeding the peripheral edges of the opening;
a radiator, mounted on the radiator frame, being in contact with the surface of the electronic element and having a plurality of latch sections corresponding to the coupling sections; and
a plurality of elastic latch members coupling on the latch sections and being bent to form a force applying section, a latch arm and a swinging arm, the swinging arm being pivotally engaged with the latch section and turnable after the force applying section having received a force to allow the latch arm to be latched on the coupling section to anchor the radiator on the radiator frame.
2. The radiator structure of claim 1, wherein the radiator frame further includes an another coupling member, the elastic latch member including an another force applying section and an another latch arm such that the another latch arm is engageable with the another coupling member after the swinging arm was turned.
3. The radiator structure of claim 1, wherein the radiator frame further includes a retaining member to confine the radiator in the radiator frame from moving.
4. The radiator structure of claim 1, wherein the radiator frame further has a screw hole for fastening the radiator frame to the main board.

The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.

What is claimed is:

1. An apparatus comprising:
a plunger;
a stator that forms a magnetic circuit in combination with the plunger, the stator further defining:
an accommodating portion for supporting the plunger with the accommodating portion so that the plunger is capable of reciprocation; and
an attracting portion, wherein a magnetic attractive force attracts the plunger in a reciprocating direction of the plunger and acts between the attracting portion and the plunger; and

a coil that generates the magnetic attractive force when energized,
wherein either one or both of at least an outer peripheral wall of the plunger and at least an inner peripheral wall of the accommodating portion form(s) a magnetic portion made of nickel phosphide, and
the phosphorus content of the magnetic portion is set within a range of 5% to 15% in mass percentage.
2. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the magnetic portion is heat treated.
3. An apparatus comprising:
a cylindrical housing defining a plurality of fluid paths through a peripheral wall thereof;
a plunger;
a stator located adjacent to the cylindrical housing, the stator forming a magnetic circuit in combination with the plunger, the stator further defining:
an accommodating portion for supporting the plunger with the accommodating portion so that the plunger is capable of reciprocation; and
an attracting portion, wherein a magnetic attractive force attracts the plunger in a reciprocating direction of the plunger and acts between the attracting portion and the plunger;

a coil that generates the magnetic attractive force when energized,
wherein either one or both of at least an outer peripheral wall of the plunger and at least an inner peripheral wall of the accommodating portion form(s) a magnetic portion made of nickel phosphide, and
the phosphorus content of the magnetic portion is set within a range of 5% to 15% in mass percentage;
a moving member for reciprocating together with the plunger to control a flow rate of fluid flowing through the fluid paths; and
a biasing means for biasing the moving member in a direction opposite to a direction in which the plunger is attracted by the attracting portion.

1. A solar energy conversion system, comprising:
a photovoltaic (PV) cell;
a thermoelectric (TE) cell in thermal communication with the PV cell;
a collimating primary reflector having an aperture above the PV and TE cells;
a collimating secondary reflector positioned above the primary reflector to receive reflected collimated solar flux from the primary reflector, and reflect the collimated solar flux received towards the aperture;
a prism mounted below the aperture and above the PV and TE cells to separate PV efficient wavelengths from the collimated solar flux reflected by the secondary reflector; and
a slotted thermal plate located between the prism and the PV cell, the thermal plate passing the PV efficient wavelengths to the PV cell and the slotted thermal plate absorbing the remaining wavelengths for conduction to the TE cell.
2. A solar energy conversion system according to claim 1, wherein the PV cell is covered with an optical phosphor that shifts non-optimum wavelengths to optimum wavelengths for greater energy conversion.
3. A solar energy conversion system according to claim 1, wherein a heat pipe conducts thermal energy from the slotted thermal plate to the TE cell.
4. A solar energy conversion system according to claim 1, wherein a stack of wavelength specific filters absorbs non-optimum PV wavelengths, transfers them to a heat pipe, which conducts thermal energy to the TE cell.
5. A solar energy conversion system according to claim 1, further comprising a liquid circulation system in thermal communication with the TE cell.
6. A solar energy conversion system according to claim 1, wherein the TE cell is a heat absorption cell for a system selected from the group consisting of a thermal-steam powered energy generation system and a Sterling engine system.
7. A solar energy conversion system according to claim 1, wherein the primary reflector comprises a pair of reflectors assembled to define a trough, with the aperture being at a bottom of the trough.
8. A solar energy conversion system, comprising:
a photovoltaic (PV) cell;
a thermoelectric (TE) cell adjacent and in thermal communication with the PV cell;
a pair of linear collimating primary reflectors positioned adjacent each other to define an upward facing trough with a bottom having an aperture, the aperture being positioned above the PV and TE cells;
a collimating secondary reflector positioned above the primary reflector to receive reflected collimated solar flux from the primary reflector, and reflect the collimated solar flux received through the aperture;
a prism mounted below the aperture and above the PV and TE cells to separate PV efficient wavelengths from the collimated solar flux reflected by the secondary reflector;
a slotted thermally conductive plate located below the prism and above the PV cell, the thermal plate passing the PV efficient wavelengths to the PV cell and absorbing and conducting the remaining wavelengths to the TE cell; and
a liquid circulation system in thermal communication with the TE cell.
9. A solar energy conversion system according to claim 8, wherein a heat pipe conducts thermal energy from the plate to the TE cell.
10. A solar energy conversion system, comprising:
a photovoltaic (PV) cell;
a thermoelectric (TE) cell adjacent and in thermal communication with the PV cell;
upper and lower optical devices positioned above the PV and TE cells for directing collimated solar flux downward towards the PV and TE cells;
a prism mounted below the lenses and above the PV and TE cells to separate PV efficient wavelengths from the collimated solar flux received from the lenses;
a flat slotted thermally conductive plate located below the prism and above the PV cell, the thermal plate passing the PV efficient wavelengths to the PV cell and absorbing and conducting the remaining wavelengths to the TE cell; and
a liquid circulation system below the thermally conductive plate in thermal communication with the TE cell to remove heat from the TE cell.
11. A solar energy conversion system according to claim 10, wherein:
the lower optical device comprises a generally concave collimating reflector having an aperture positioned above the PV and TE cells; and
the upper optical device comprises a generally convex collimating reflector that receives reflected solar flux from the lower optical device and reflects the reflects the solar flux through the aperture to the prism.
12. A solar energy conversion system according to claim 10, wherein:
the upper optical device comprises a Fresnel lens that collimates solar flux downwardly; and
the lower optical device comprises a lens having concave upper and lower surfaces for further collimating the solar flux and directing it to the prism.

The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.

1-19. (canceled)
20. A method for use by a first processing unit in a router, the first processing unit configured for routing packets to and from other routers, the method comprising:
(a) receiving information which requires dissemination to other routers and processing to determine what, if any, reconfiguration of the routing performed by the first processing unit is required;
if an expedited dissemination procedure is required, performing steps (b) and (c) before any one of the following:
the processing has been performed;
the first processing unit has been informed of a result of the processing; and
any reconfiguration required in the first processing unit has been requested, arranged, or performed;

wherein steps (b) and (c) are as follows:
(b) forwarding the information in a packet to other routers as required according to a routing configuration for the first processing unit; and
(c) if any other first processing unit in the router is not already in receipt of the information, forwarding the information to that other first processing unit.
21. The method of claim 20, wherein at least one of steps (b) and (c) is performed before the processing has been requested or arranged.
22. The method of claim 20, wherein the receiving comprises receiving the information in a packet from another router.
23. The method of claim 22, wherein the information is forwarded in step (b) andor step (c) by forwarding the received packet.
24. The method of claim 22, further comprising determining whether the expedited dissemination procedure is required with reference to an IP address of the received packet.
25. The method of claim 20, further comprising internally generating the information in response to an event occurring at the first processing unit.
26. The method of claim 25:
wherein generating the information comprises generating a packet comprising the information;
wherein the information is forwarded in step (b) andor step (c) by forwarding the generated packet.
27. The method of claim 20, wherein the processing comprises performing at least part of the processing at the first processing unit.
28. The method of claim 27, further comprising using a notification procedure to notify at least one other first processing unit receiving the information of a result of the processing performed by the first processing unit.
29. The method of claim 27, further comprising performing any reconfiguration required in the first processing unit as a result of the processing performed by the first processing unit.
30. The method of claim 20, further comprising using a notification procedure, separate from any involved in step (c), to notify at least one other first processing unit not already in receipt of the information of the information.
31. The method of claim 20:
wherein at least part of the processing is performed by a second processing unit separate from the first processing unit; and
further comprising forwarding the information to the second processing unit for processing.
32. The method of claim 20:
wherein the information received in step (a) requires dissemination by multicasting; and
wherein step (b) comprises multicasting the packet.
33. The method of claim 20, wherein the routing configuration for the first processing unit is a multicast routing configuration based on a sole spanning tree.
34. The method of claim 20, wherein the routing configuration for the first processing unit is a multicast routing configuration based on a pair of redundant trees.
35. The method of claim 20, wherein the routing configuration for the first processing unit is a multicast routing configuration based on flooding.
36. A first processing unit for use in a router and configured to route packets to and from other routers, the first processing unit comprising one or more processors configured to:
(a) receive information which requires dissemination to other routers and process to determine what, if any, reconfiguration of the routing performed by the first processing unit is required;
if an expedited dissemination procedure is required, perform steps (b) and (c) before any one of the following:
the processing has been performed;
the first processing unit has been informed of a result of such processing;
any reconfiguration required in the first processing unit has been requested, arranged, or performed;

wherein steps (b) and (c) are as follows:
(b) forwarding the information in a packet to other routers as required according to a routing configuration for the first processing unit;
(c) if any other first processing unit in the router is not already in receipt of the information, forwarding the information to that other first processing unit.
37. A computer program product stored in a non-transitory computer readable medium for controlling a first processing unit in a router, the first processing unit configured for routing packets to and from other routers, the computer program product comprising software instructions which, when run on one or more processors cause the one or more processors to:
(a) receive information which requires dissemination to other routers and process to determine what, if any, reconfiguration of the routing performed by the first processing unit is required;
if an expedited dissemination procedure is required, perform steps (b) and (c) before any one of the following:
the processing has been performed;
the first processing unit has been informed of a result of the processing; and
any reconfiguration required in the first processing unit has been requested, arranged, or performed;

wherein steps (b) and (c) are as follows:
(b) forwarding the information in a packet to other routers as required according to a routing configuration for the first processing unit; and
(c) if any other first processing unit in the router is not already in receipt of the information, forwarding the information to that other first processing unit.