All The Claims

1. A high luminous efficiency energy-saving halogen tungsten lamp, comprising a bulb shell, a molybdenum bracket, a tungsten wire, molybdenum strips and molybdenum wires, wherein the molybdenum strips, the tungsten wire and the molybdenum bracket are packaged in the bulb shell, the bulb shell is filled with circulating gas, an upper end of each molybdenum strip is respectively connected with one of the molybdenum wires, an upper end of each molybdenum wire extends out of the bulb shell; and
wherein a lower end of a first molybdenum strip is connected with an upper end of the molybdenum bracket, a lower end of the molybdenum bracket is connected with the tungsten wire, and an upper end of the tungsten wire is connected with a second molybdenum strip.
2. The high luminous efficiency energy-saving halogen tungsten lamp according to claim 1, wherein the tungsten wire is set to be a straight spiral filament, and when a power of the lamp is set to be 29-70 W, a length of a spiral section thereof is 8-10 mm.
3. The high luminous efficiency energy-saving halogen tungsten lamp according to claim 2, wherein the tungsten wire is used after following treatment: setting the tungsten wire in a magnetic field and keeping the tungsten wire in a horizontal state, then setting a 150V direct current on the tungsten wire for crystallization for 10-15 seconds.
4. The high luminous efficiency energy-saving halogen tungsten lamp according to claim 3, wherein the molybdenum bracket is L-shaped, an end of a transverse section of the molybdenum bracket bends backwards to form a bending part, and a lower end of the tungsten wire goes through the bending part and contacts with the molybdenum bracket.
5. The high luminous efficiency energy-saving halogen tungsten lamp according to claim 4, wherein the circulating gas contains 10% of nitrogen, 90% of xenon or krypton or mixed gas of xenon or krypton (volume percentage), and further contains 100-250 ppm of dibromomethane and 125 ppm of PH3.
6. The high luminous efficiency energy-saving halogen tungsten lamp according to claim 5, wherein an upper end of the tungsten wire is connected with a tantalum plate by welding, and the tantalum plate is welded on the second molybdenum strip.

The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.

1. An apparatus for restricting movement of a patient’s head, the apparatus comprising: a frame; and a plurality of constraints engaged with the frame to constrain the patient’s head relative to the frame, wherein the plurality of constraints includes a first constraint including an axis oriented generally radial to the patient’s head, wherein the first constraint permits exactly five degrees of motion of the patient’s head relative to the frame including a first degree of motion generally permitting motion transverse to the axis of the first constraint and a second degree of motion of the five degrees of motion generally permitting a linear motion parallel to the axis of the first constraint.
2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the plurality of constraints exactly constrain the patient’s head relative to the frame.
3. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising: a support structure that supports the frame, the support structure including a vest that is configured to be worn by the patient.
4. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising:
a base member movably coupled to the frame to permit motion generally parallel to the axis of the first constraint; and
a head constraint member configured to engage the head, the head constraint member being moveably coupled to the base member to permit motion generally transverse to the axis of the first constraint.
5. The apparatus of claim 4, wherein the first constraint further includes a sleeve coupled to the frame, the sleeve having an interior for receiving the base member.
6. An apparatus for restricting movement of a patient’s head, the apparatus comprising: a frame; and a plurality of constraints engaged with the frame to constrain the patient’s head relative to the frame, wherein the plurality of constraints includes a first constraint including an axis oriented generally radial to the patient’s head, wherein the first constraint permits exactly four degrees of motion of the patient’s head relative to the frame, a first degree of motion of the four degrees of motion generally permitting a linear motion generally perpendicular to the axis of the first constraint.
7. The apparatus of claim 6, further comprising: a support structure that supports the frame, the support structure including a vest that is configured to be worn by the patient.
8. The apparatus of claim 6, wherein the plurality of constraints exactly constrain the patient’s head relative to the frame.

1. A transmission comprising:
a housing;
a plurality of planetary gear sets disposed in the housing and each including a first member, a second member, and a third member;
a structural member secured to the housing, wherein the structural member includes a plurality of splines and defines a cavity;
a sprocket member rotationally supported by the structural member;
a first dog clutch member disposed in the cavity of the structural member, the first dog clutch including a plurality of splines and a plurality of dogteeth, wherein the plurality of splines are engaged with the plurality of splines of the structural member;
a second dog clutch member disposed substantially radially inward of the second dog clutch member and having an axis of rotation, the second dog clutch member including a plurality of dogteeth that are aligned with the dogteeth of the first dog clutch member at a common radial distance from the axis of rotation of the second dog clutch member, and wherein the second dog clutch member is rotationally coupled with at least one of the first, second, third members of at least one of the plurality of planetary gear sets; and
a biasing member disposed between the structural member and the first dog clutch member to bias the first dog clutch member out of engagement with the second dog clutch member.
2. The transmission of claim 1 further including a simple fluid coupling.
3. The transmission of claim 1 wherein the housing is aluminum and the structural member is cast iron.
4. The transmission of claim 1 wherein the cavity of the structural member is a cylinder bore, and wherein the second dog clutch member includes a piston portion disposed for translation through the cylinder bore.
5. The transmission of claim 4 wherein the structural member further defines a fluid passageway in fluid communication with the cylinder bore for communicating an actuation fluid.
6. The transmission of claim 1 further including a plurality of fluid seals, wherein a first of the plurality of fluid seals is disposed between the structural member and the first dog clutch member, a second of the plurality of fluid seals is disposed between the first dog clutch member and the second dog clutch member, and a third of the plurality of fluid seals is disposed between the second dog clutch member and the structural member.
7. The transmission of claim 1 wherein the plurality of planetary gear sets includes a first planetary gear set, a second planetary gear set, a third planetary gear set, and a fourth planetary gear set.
8. The transmission of claim 7 further comprising:
an input member;
an output member;
a first interconnecting member continuously interconnecting the first member of the first planetary gear set with the second member of the second planetary gear set;
a second interconnecting member continuously interconnecting the second member of the first planetary gear set with the third member of the third planetary gear set;
a third interconnecting member continuously interconnecting the third member of the first planetary gear set with the third member of the fourth planetary gear set;
a fourth interconnecting member continuously interconnecting the first member of the second planetary gear set with the second member of the fourth planetary gear set;
a fifth interconnecting member continuously interconnecting the third member of the second planetary gear set with the second member of the third planetary gear set;
a first torque transmitting mechanism selectively engageable to interconnect the first member of the third planetary gear set with the input member, the first member of the second planetary gear set and the second member of the fourth planetary gear set;
a second torque transmitting mechanism selectively engageable to interconnect the third member of the second planetary gear set and the second member of the third planetary gear set with the input member, the first member of the second planetary gear set and the second member of the fourth planetary gear set;
a third torque transmitting mechanism selectively engageable to interconnect the first member of the third planetary gear set with the housing;
a fourth torque transmitting mechanism selectively engageable to interconnect the second member of the third planetary gear set and the third member of the second planetary gear set with the housing; and
a sixth torque transmitting mechanism selectively engageable to interconnect the first member of the fourth planetary gear set with the housing, and
wherein the first dog clutch member, the second dog clutch member, and the biasing member form a fifth torque transmitting mechanism selectively engageable to interconnect the third member of the first planetary gear set and the third member of the fourth planetary gear set with the structural member, and
wherein the torque transmitting mechanisms are selectively engageable in combinations of at least two to establish at least ten forward speed ratios and at least one reverse speed ratio between the input member and the output member.
9. The transmission of claim 8 wherein the input member is continuously connected for common rotation with the first member of the second planetary gear set and the second member of the fourth planetary gear set.
10. The transmission of claim 8 wherein the output member is continuously connected for common rotation with the second member of the first planetary gear set and to the third member of the third planetary gear set.
11. The transmission of claim 8 wherein the third member of the first planetary gear set, the third member of the fourth planetary gear set, the first member of the second planetary gear set and the first member of the third planetary gear set are sun gears, the second members of the first, second, third and fourth planetary gear sets are carrier members and the first member of the first planetary gear set, the first member of the fourth planetary gear set, the third member of the second planetary gear set and the third member of the third planetary gear set are ring gears.
12. The transmission of claim 8 further including a seventh torque transmitting mechanism selectively engageable to interconnect the second member of the third planetary gear set and the third member of the second planetary gear set with the third member of the third planetary gear set and the second member of the first planetary gear set, and wherein the torque transmitting mechanisms are selectively engageable in combinations of at least two to establish at least twelve forward speed ratios and at least one reverse speed ratio between the input member and the output member.
13. The transmission of claim 8 further including a seventh torque transmitting mechanism selectively engageable to interconnect the first member of the third planetary gear set with the second member of the third planetary gear set, and wherein the torque transmitting mechanisms are selectively engageable in combinations of at least two to establish at least twelve forward speed ratios and at least one reverse speed ratio between the input member and the output member.
14. The transmission of claim 8 wherein the third interconnecting member is integrally formed with the second dog clutch member.
15. A transmission comprising:
an input member;
an output member;
a housing;
first, second, third and fourth planetary gear sets disposed in the housing and each having first, second and third members;
a structural member secured to the housing, wherein the structural member includes a plurality of splines and defines a cavity;
a sprocket member rotationally supported by the structural member;
a first interconnecting member continuously interconnecting the first member of the first planetary gear set with the second member of the second planetary gear set;
a second interconnecting member continuously interconnecting the second member of the first planetary gear set with the third member of the third planetary gear set;
a third interconnecting member continuously interconnecting the third member of the first planetary gear set with the third member of the fourth planetary gear set;
a fourth interconnecting member continuously interconnecting the first member of the second planetary gear set with the second member of the fourth planetary gear set;
a fifth interconnecting member continuously interconnecting the third member of the second planetary gear set with the second member of the third planetary gear set;
a first torque transmitting mechanism selectively engageable to interconnect the first member of the third planetary gear set with the input member, the first member of the second planetary gear set and the second member of the fourth planetary gear set;
a second torque transmitting mechanism selectively engageable to interconnect the third member of the second planetary gear set and the second member of the third planetary gear set with the input member, the first member of the second planetary gear set and the second member of the fourth planetary gear set;
a third torque transmitting mechanism selectively engageable to interconnect the first member of the third planetary gear set with the housing;
a fourth torque transmitting mechanism selectively engageable to interconnect the second member of the third planetary gear set and the third member of the second planetary gear set with the housing;
a fifth torque transmitting mechanism selectively engageable to interconnect the third member of the first planetary gear set and the third member of the fourth planetary gear set with the structural member, the fifth torque transmitting mechanism comprising:
a first dog clutch member disposed in the cavity of the structural member, the first dog clutch including a plurality of splines and a plurality of dogteeth, wherein the plurality of splines are engaged with the plurality of splines of the structural member;
a second dog clutch member disposed substantially radially inward of the second dog clutch member and integrally formed with the third interconnecting member, the second dog clutch member including a plurality of dogteeth that are aligned with the dogteeth of the first dog clutch member at a common radial distance from an axis of rotation of the second dog clutch member; and
a biasing member disposed between the structural member and the first dog clutch member to bias the first dog clutch member out of engagement with the second dog clutch member; and

a sixth torque transmitting mechanism selectively engageable to interconnect the first member of the fourth planetary gear set with the housing, and
wherein the torque transmitting mechanisms are selectively engageable in combinations of at least two to establish at least ten forward speed ratios and at least one reverse speed ratio between the input member and the output member.
16. The transmission of claim 15 further including a simple fluid coupling connected to the input member.
17. The transmission of claim 15 wherein the housing is aluminum and the structural member is cast iron, and wherein the cavity of the structural member is a cylinder bore, and wherein the second dog clutch member includes a piston portion disposed for translation through the cylinder bore, and wherein the structural member further defines a fluid passageway in fluid communication with the cylinder bore for communicating an actuation fluid.
18. The transmission of claim 15 further including a plurality of fluid seals, wherein a first of the plurality of fluid seals is disposed between the structural member and the first dog clutch member, a second of the plurality of fluid seals is disposed between the first dog clutch member and the second dog clutch member, and a third of the plurality of fluid seals is disposed between the second dog clutch member and the structural member.
19. The transmission of claim 15 wherein the third member of the first planetary gear set, the third member of the fourth planetary gear set, the first member of the second planetary gear set and the first member of the third planetary gear set are sun gears, the second members of the first, second, third and fourth planetary gear sets are carrier members and the first member of the first planetary gear set, the first member of the fourth planetary gear set, the third member of the second planetary gear set and the third member of the third planetary gear set are ring gears.
20. The transmission of claim 15 further including a seventh torque transmitting mechanism selectively engageable to interconnect the second member of the third planetary gear set and the third member of the second planetary gear set with the third member of the third planetary gear set and the second member of the first planetary gear set, and wherein the torque transmitting mechanisms are selectively engageable in combinations of at least two to establish at least twelve forward speed ratios and at least one reverse speed ratio between the input member and the output member.
21. The transmission of claim 15 further including a seventh torque transmitting mechanism selectively engageable to interconnect the first member of the third planetary gear set with the second member of the third planetary gear set, and wherein the torque transmitting mechanisms are selectively engageable in combinations of at least two to establish at least twelve forward speed ratios and at least one reverse speed ratio between the input member and the output member.
22. A transmission comprising:
an input member;
an output member;
a housing;
first, second, third and fourth planetary gear sets disposed in the housing and each having a sun gear, a ring gear, and a carrier member;
a structural member secured to the housing, wherein the structural member includes a plurality of splines and defines a cavity;
a sprocket member rotationally supported by the structural member;
a first interconnecting member continuously interconnecting the ring gear of the first planetary gear set with the carrier member of the second planetary gear set;
a second interconnecting member continuously interconnecting the carrier member of the first planetary gear set with the ring gear of the third planetary gear set;
a third interconnecting member continuously interconnecting the sun gear of the first planetary gear set with the sun gear of the fourth planetary gear set;
a fourth interconnecting member continuously interconnecting the sun gear of the second planetary gear set with the carrier member of the fourth planetary gear set;
a fifth interconnecting member continuously interconnecting the ring gear of the second planetary gear set with the carrier member of the third planetary gear set;
a first torque transmitting mechanism selectively engageable to interconnect the sun gear of the third planetary gear set with the input member, the sun gear of the second planetary gear set and the carrier member of the fourth planetary gear set;
a second torque transmitting mechanism selectively engageable to interconnect the ring gear of the second planetary gear set and the carrier member of the third planetary gear set with the input member, the sun gear of the second planetary gear set and the carrier member of the fourth planetary gear set;
a third torque transmitting mechanism selectively engageable to interconnect the sun gear of the third planetary gear set with the housing;
a fourth torque transmitting mechanism selectively engageable to interconnect the carrier member of the third planetary gear set and the ring gear of the second planetary gear set with the housing;
a fifth torque transmitting mechanism selectively engageable to interconnect the sun gear of the first planetary gear set and the sun gear of the fourth planetary gear set with the structural member, the fifth torque transmitting mechanism comprising:
a first dog clutch member disposed in the cavity of the structural member, the first dog clutch including a plurality of splines and a plurality of dogteeth, wherein the plurality of splines are engaged with the plurality of splines of the structural member;
a second dog clutch member disposed substantially radially inward of the second dog clutch member and integrally formed with the third interconnecting member, the second dog clutch member including a plurality of dogteeth that are aligned with the dogteeth of the first dog clutch member at a common radial distance from an axis of rotation of the second dog clutch member; and
a biasing member disposed between the structural member and the first dog clutch member to bias the first dog clutch member out of engagement with the second dog clutch member; and

a sixth torque transmitting mechanism selectively engageable to interconnect the ring gear of the fourth planetary gear set with the housing, and
wherein the torque transmitting mechanisms are selectively engageable in combinations of at least two to establish at least ten forward speed ratios and at least one reverse speed ratio between the input member and the output member.
23. The transmission of claim 22 further including a seventh torque transmitting mechanism selectively engageable to interconnect the carrier member of the third planetary gear set and the ring gear of the second planetary gear set with the ring gear of the third planetary gear set and the carrier member of the first planetary gear set, and wherein the torque transmitting mechanisms are selectively engageable in combinations of at least two to establish at least twelve forward speed ratios and at least one reverse speed ratio between the input member and the output member.
24. The transmission of claim 22 further including a seventh torque transmitting mechanism selectively engageable to interconnect the sun gear of the third planetary gear set with the carrier member of the third planetary gear set, and wherein the torque transmitting mechanisms are selectively engageable in combinations of at least two to establish at least twelve forward speed ratios and at least one reverse speed ratio between the input member and the output member.

The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.

1. A liquid-crystal display device comprising:
a first substrate;
a second substrate;
a liquid-crystal layer sandwiched between the first substrate and the second substrate; and
a plurality of pixels each surrounded by scan lines and signal lines arranged in a matrix format on the second substrate;
wherein:
a first pixel electrode, a second pixel electrode, a first common electrode, and a second common electrode are arranged in the pixel region of the second substrate above which the liquid-crystal layer is disposed;
the first pixel electrode and the first common electrode are arranged on a first layer;
the second pixel electrode and the second common electrode are arranged on a second layer;
the first pixel electrode and the second common electrode are overlapped upon each other in the pixel region; and
the second pixel electrode and the first common electrode are overlapped upon each other in the pixel region.
2. The liquid-crystal display device according to claim 1, wherein:
the first pixel electrode, the first common electrode, the second pixel electrode, and the second common electrode are each of an interdigital electrode structure in the pixel region.
3. The liquid-crystal display device according to claim 2, wherein:
the interdigital portions of the first pixel electrode are disposed between those of the first common electrode; and
the interdigital portions of the second pixel electrode are disposed between those of the second common electrode.
4. The liquid-crystal display device according to claim 2, wherein:
when width of the first pixel electrode is taken as w1, and width of the second common electrode, as w2, a relationship of w22<w1\u2266w2 is established in the pixel region; and
when width of the first common electrode is taken as w1\u2032, and width of the second pixel electrode, as w2\u2032, a relationship of w2\u20322<w1\u2032\u2266w2\u2032 is established in the pixel region.
5. The liquid-crystal display device according to claim 4, wherein:
the first common electrode and the second pixel electrode are overlapped upon each other with an insulating layer interposed therebetween; and
the first pixel electrode and the second common electrode are overlapped upon each other with another insulating layer interposed therebetween.
6. The liquid-crystal display device according to claim 4, wherein, when each electrode disposed in the pixel region is observed in terms of positional relationships among the interdigital portions of the electrodes from the liquid-crystal layer side:
the interdigital portion of the first common electrode is disposed at an essentially central section of that of the second pixel electrode; and
the interdigital portion of the first pixel electrode is disposed at an essentially central section of that of the second common electrode.
7. The liquid-crystal display device according to claim 2, wherein:
the first common electrode is connected to the signal line in a direction parallel or perpendicular thereto or in both parallel and perpendicular directions thereto.
8. The liquid-crystal display device according to claim 2, wherein:
the second common electrode is connected to the signal line in a direction parallel or perpendicular thereto or in both parallel and perpendicular directions thereto.
9. The liquid-crystal display device according to claim 7 or 8, wherein:
the first common electrode and the second common electrode pass through the signal line or the scan line or both while overlapping each other partially.
10. The liquid-crystal display device according to claim 9, wherein:
the first common electrode and the second common electrode are overlaid upon all the signal lines arranged between the pixels.
11. The liquid-crystal display device according to claim 9, wherein:
the first common electrode and the second common electrode are overlaid upon all the scan lines arranged between the pixels.
12. The liquid-crystal display device according to claim 1, further comprising:
at least one contact hole in the pixel region; wherein the contact hole simultaneously connects the first pixel electrode and the second pixel electrode to the source electrode of a thin-film transistor.
13. A liquid-crystal display device comprising:
a first substrate;
a second substrate;
a liquid-crystal layer sandwiched between the first substrate and the second substrate; and
a plurality of pixels each surrounded by scan lines and signal lines arranged in a matrix format on the second substrate;
wherein:
a first pixel electrode, a second pixel electrode, a first common electrode, and a second common electrode are arranged in the pixel region of the second substrate above which the liquid-crystal layer is disposed;
the first pixel electrode and the first common electrode are arranged on a first layer;
the second pixel electrode and the second common electrode are arranged on a second layer;
the first pixel electrode and the second common electrode are overlapped upon each other in the pixel region;
the second pixel electrode and the first common electrode are overlapped upon each other in the pixel region; and
the region of the pixel includes a transmissive display region and a reflective display region.
14. The liquid-crystal display device according to claim 13, further comprising:
a reflecting plate on part of the second substrate; and
an insulating layer between the reflecting plate, the second pixel electrode, and the second common electrode.
15. The liquid-crystal display device according to claim 13, wherein:
a reflecting plate is disposed on part of the second substrate;
the reflecting plate and the second common electrode are disposed in a stacked condition upon each other; and
the second pixel electrode is disposed only in the transmissive display region.