All The Claims

We claim:

1. An optical bus comprising:
an enclosure having at least a first side and a second side each comprising a semiconductor structure, wherein the semiconductor structure comprises:
a monocrystalline silicon substrate;
an amorphous oxide material overlying the monocrystalline substrate;
a monocrystalline perovskite oxide material overlying the amorphous oxide material; and
a monocrystalline compound semiconductor material overlying the monocrystalline perovskite oxide material;
a first source-detector pair formed within the semiconductor structure of the first side, wherein the first source-detector pair comprises a first semiconductor optical source and a first semiconductor optical detector; and
a second source-detector pair formed within the semiconductor structure of the second side, wherein the second source-detector pair comprises a second semiconductor optical source and a second semiconductor optical detector.
2. The optical bus of claim 1, wherein the second semiconductor optical detector is capable of detecting emissions from the first semiconductor optical source.
3. The optical bus of claim 1, wherein one or more inner surfaces of the enclosure are substantially nonreflective to emissions from the first and second semiconductor optical sources.
4. The optical bus of claim 1, wherein the first side has multiple source-detector pairs each having a semiconductor optical source and a semiconductor optical detector formed within the semiconductor structure, and the second side has an inner surface wherein at least a portion of the inner surface is at least partially reflective to emissions from the semiconductor optical sources.
5. The optical bus of claim 4, wherein two or more of the multiple source-detector pairs are electrically interconnected.
6. The optical bus of claim 4, wherein the at least partially reflective portion of the inner surface is shaped to compensate for signal latency.
7. The optical bus of claim 1, wherein at least one semiconductor optical detector is one of a Group IV semiconductor optical device and a compound semiconductor optical device.
8. The optical bus of claim 1, wherein at least one semiconductor optical source is one of a Group IV semiconductor optical device and a compound semiconductor optical device.
9. The optical bus of claim 1 further comprising a emission-dispersing material over at least one of the semiconductor optical sources.
10. The optical bus of claim 9, wherein the emission-dispersing material is one of a transparent, dielectric encapsulate having a high index of refraction, and a transparent, polymeric encapsulate embedded with particles, wherein the particles have an index of refraction different from the polymeric material.
11. The optical bus of claim 1, wherein the first source-pair is coupled to a first device external to the optical bus and the second source-detector pair is coupled to a second device external to the optical bus, wherein the first device transmits information to the second device via the second semiconductor optical detector detecting emissions from the first semiconductor optical source.
12. The optical bus of claim 1 further comprising processing circuitry formed at least partially within the semiconductor structure.
13. An optical bus comprising:
a first side having a first surface, the first side comprising a semiconductor structure, wherein the semiconductor structure comprises:
a monocrystalline silicon substrate;
an amorphous oxide material overlying the monocrystalline substrate;
a monocrystalline perovskite oxide material overlying the amorphous oxide material; and
a monocrystalline compound semiconductor material overlying the monocrystalline perovskite oxide material;

a first and second source-detector pair formed within the semiconductor structure, wherein each source-detector pair comprises a semiconductor optical source and a semiconductor optical detector; and
a second side having a second surface, wherein at least a portion of the second surface is at least partially reflective to emissions from one or more of the semiconductor optical sources;
wherein one or more of the semiconductor optical detectors are capable of detecting the reflected emissions, and wherein the first and second surfaces are closed off to external radiative emissions.
14. The optical bus of claim 13, wherein one or more of the first surface and the second surface comprise an emission-dispersing material.
15. The optical bus of claim 13, wherein the at least partially reflective portion of the second surface is shaped to compensate for signal latency.
16. The optical bus of claim 13, wherein one or more of the first surface and the second surface are partially absorptive to the emissions.
17. The optical bus of claim 13, wherein the second side comprises the semiconductor structure, the optical bus further comprising one or more source-detector pairs formed within the semiconductor structure of the second side.
18. The optical bus of claim 17, wherein at least a portion of the first surface is at least partially reflective to emissions from the one or more of the semiconductor optical sources of the second side.
19. The optical bus of claim 18, wherein the at least partially reflective portion of the first surface is shaped to compensate for signal latency.
20. A process for fabricating an optical bus comprising:
forming one or more source-detector pairs from a semiconductor structure, the step of forming comprising the steps of:
providing a monocrystalline silicon substrate;
depositing a monocrystalline perovskite oxide film overlying the second region of the monocrystalline silicon substrate, the film having a thickness less than a thickness of the material that would result in strain-induced defects;
forming an amorphous oxide interface layer at an interface between the monocrystalline perovskite oxide film and the monocrystalline silicon substrate;
epitaxially forming a monocrystalline compound semiconductor layer overlying the monocrystalline perovskite oxide film; and
forming one or more optical devices within the monocrystalline compound semiconductor layer, wherein each optical device is one of an optical detector and an optical source;

forming an enclosure using the semiconductor structure, wherein the one or more optical devices face an inside of the enclosure; and
sealing the enclosure off from external radiative emissions.
21. The method of claim 20, wherein the step of forming one or more source-detector pairs further comprises the step of forming one or more optical devices at least partially within the monocrystalline silicon substrate in a region wherein each optical device is one of an optical detector and an optical source.
22. The method of claim 20, wherein the step of forming an enclosure comprises joining each edge of the semiconductor structure with an edge of another semiconductor structure to form a polyhedral structure.
23. The method of claim 22, wherein each semiconductor structure comprises one or more optical devices within the monocrystalline compound semiconductor layer, wherein each optical device is one of an optical detector and an optical source.
24. The method of claim 20, wherein the step of forming an enclosure comprises etching the enclosure from the semiconductor structure and exposing the one or more optical devices to the enclosure.
25. The method of claim 20 further comprising the step of providing a surface at least partially reflective to emissions from the optical source, wherein the step of forming an enclosure comprises spacing the surface substantially parallel to and apart from the semiconductor structure with the one or more optical devices facing the surface.
26. The method of claim 25, wherein the at least partially reflective surface is shaped to compensate for signal latency.
27. A method of communication between devices using an optical bus comprising:
generating a signal at a first device;
generating radiative emissions from an optical source in response to the signal, the optical source formed within a semiconductor structure comprising a monocrystalline silicon substrate, an amorphous oxide material overlying the monocrystalline substrate, a monocrystalline perovskite oxide material overlying the amorphous oxide material, and a monocrystalline compound semiconductor material overlying the monocrystalline perovskite oxide material;
detecting the radiative emissions at an optical detector formed within a second semiconductor structure comprising a monocrystalline silicon substrate, an amorphous oxide material overlying the monocrystalline substrate, a monocrystalline perovskite oxide material overlying the amorphous oxide material, and a monocrystalline compound semiconductor material overlying the monocrystalline perovskite oxide material;
re-generating the signal from the radiative emissions; and
transmitting the re-generated signal to a second device.

The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.

1. A compound of structural formula I:
a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or a stereoisomer thereof,
wherein:
X is hydrogen, or halogen;
Z is hydrogen, CF3, carbonyl C1-3 alkyl, C1-4 alkoxy, halogen, C1-3 alkyl, and hydroxymethyl, wherein said alkyl, and alkoxy are optionally substituted with one to seven fluorine atoms;
represents a group chosen from pyridinyl and quinolyl
R1, R2, R3, and R4 are each independently chosen from:
hydrogen,
halogen,
C1-8 alkyl,
amino C0-6alkyl,
C1-6 alkylamino C0-6alkyl,
(C1-6 alkyl)2amino C0-6alkyl,
C1-6 alkoxy C0-6alkyl,
hydroxycarbonyl C0-6alkyl,
C1-6 alkoxycarbonyl C0-6alkyl,
hydroxycarbonyl C1-6 alkyloxy,
hydroxy C0-6alkyl,
cyano,
perfluoroC1-4alkyl,
perfluoroC1-4alkoxy,
C0-6 alkylcarbonyl,
C1-6 alkylcarbonyloxy,
C1-6 alkylcarbonylamino,
C1-6 alkylsulfonylamino,
C1-6 alkoxycarbonylamino,
C1-6alkylaminocarbonylamino,
(C1-6alkyl)2aminocarbonylamino, and
(C1-6alkyl)2aminocarbonyloxy,
wherein
R1 and R2 together with the carbon atom to which they are attached can optionally form a spiro-C3-6 cycloalkyl group, or an oxo group, and
R3 and R4 together with the carbon atom to which they are attached can optionally form a spiro-C3-6 cycloalkyl group, or an oxo group, and
R1, R2, R3, and R4 are each independently optionally substituted with one or more R9;
R5, R6, and R7 are each independently chosen from:
hydrogen,
halogen,
(carbonyl)0-1C1-10 alkyl,
(carbonyl)0-1C2-10 alkenyl,
(carbonyl)0-1C2-10 alkynyl,
(carbonyl)0-1aryl C1-10 alkyl,
C3-8 cycloalkyl C0-10 alkyl(carbonyl)0-1,
(C3-8)heterocyclyl C0-10 alkyl(carbonyl)0-1,
C1-4acylamino C0-10 alkyl,
C0-10 alkylamino C0-10 alkyl,
C0-10 alkylamino C0-10 alkylaminocarbonyl,
di-(C1-10 alkyl)amino C0-10 alkyl,
arylC0-10 alkylamino C0-10 alkyl,
(arylC0-10alkyl)2amino C0-10 alkyl,
C3-8 cycloalkyl C0-10 alkylamino C0-10 alkyl,
C3-8 heterocyclyl C0-10 alkylamino C0-10 alkyl,
(C3-8 cycloalkyl C0-10 alkyl)2amino C0-10 alkyl,
(C3-8 heterocyclyl C0-10 alkyl)2amino C0-10 alkyl,
C3-8 cycloalkyl C0-10 alkyl aminocarbonylamino,
(C1-10 alkyl)2aminocarbonylamino,
(aryl C1-10alkyl)1-2aminocarbonylamino,
C0-10 alkyl aminocarbonylamino,
C3-8 heterocyclyl C0-10 alkyl aminocarbonylamino,
(C1-10alkyl)1-2aminocarbonyl C0-10 alkyl,
(aryl C1-10 alkyl)1-2aminocarbonyl C0-10 alkyl,
C0-10 alkyl aminocarbonyl C0-10 alkyl,
C3-8 cycloalkyl C0-10 alkyl aminocarbonyl C0-10 alkyl,
C3-8 heterocyclyl C0-10 alkyl aminocarbonyl C0-10 alkyl,
aryl C0-10 alkyl aminocarbonyl C0-10 alkyl,
(C1-10 alkyl)2aminocarbonyl,
(aryl C1-10 alkyl)1-2aminocarbonyl,
C1-10 alkoxy (carbonyl)0-1C0-10 alkyl,
C0-10 alkyl carbonylamino(C0-10 alkyl),
C0-10 alkoxy carbonylamino(C0-10 alkyl),
carboxy C0-10 alkylamino,
carboxy C0-10 alkyl,
carboxy aryl,
carboxy C3-8 cycloalkyl,
carboxy C3-8 heterocyclyl,
C1-10 alkoxy,
C1-10alkyloxy C0-10alkyl
C1-10 alkylcarbonyloxy,
C3-8 heterocyclyl C0-10 alkylcarbonyloxy,
C3-8 cycloalkyl C0-10 alkylcarbonyloxy,
aryl C0-10 alkylcarbonyloxy,
C1-10 alkylcarbonyloxy amino,
C3-8 heterocyclyl C0-10 alkylcarbonyloxy amino,
C3-8 cycloalkyl C0-10 alkylcarbonyloxy amino,
aryl C0-10 alkylcarbonyloxy amino,
(C1-10alkyl)2aminocarbonyloxy,
(aryl C0-10alkyl)1-2aminocarbonyloxy,
(C3-8 heterocyclyl C0-10 alkyl)1-2aminocarbonyloxy,
(C3-8 cycloalkyl C0-10alkyl)1-2aminocarbonyloxy,
hydroxy C0-10alkyl,
hydroxycarbonylC0-10alkoxy,
hydroxycarbonylC0-10alkyloxy,
C1-10 alkylthio,
C1-10 alkylsulfinyl,
aryl C0-10 alkylsulfinyl,
C3-8 heterocyclyl C0-10 alkylsulfinyl,
C3-8 cycloalkyl C0-10 alkylsulfinyl,
C1-10 alkylsulfonyl,
aryl C0-10 alkylsulfonyl,
C3-8 heterocyclyl C0-10 alkylsulfonyl,
C3-8 cycloalkyl C0-10 alkylsulfonyl,
C1-10 alkylsulfonylamino,
aryl C1-10 alkylsulfonylamino,
C3-8 heterocyclyl C1-10 alkylsulfonylamino,
C3-8 cycloalkyl C1-10 alkylsulfonylamino,
cyano,
nitro,
perfluoroC1-6alkyl, and
perfluoroC1-6alkoxy,

R5, R6, and R7 are each independently optionally substituted with one or more R9;
R8 is chosen from:
hydrogen,
halogen,
(carbonyl)0-1C1-10 alkyl,
(carbonyl)0-1C2-10 alkenyl,
(carbonyl)0-1C2-10 alkynyl,
(carbonyl)0-1aryl C1-10 alkyl,
C3-8 cycloalkyl C0-10 alkyl(carbonyl)0-1,
C1-4acylamino C0-10 alkyl,
C0-10 alkylamino C0-10 alkyl,
C0-10 alkylamino C0-10 alkylaminocarbonyl,
di-(C1-10 alkyl)amino C0-10 alkyl,
arylC0-10 alkylamino C1-10 alkyl,
(arylC0-10 alkyl)2amino C0-10 alkyl,
C3-8 cycloalkyl C0-10 alkylamino C0-10 alkyl,
C3-8 heterocyclyl C0-10 alkylamino C0-10 alkyl,
(C3-8 cycloalkyl C0-10 alkyl)2amino C0-10 alkyl,
(C3-8 heterocyclyl C0-10 alkyl)2amino C0-10 alkyl,
C3-8 cycloalkyl C0-10 alkyl aminocarbonylamino,
(C1-10 alkyl)2aminocarbonylamino,
(aryl C1-10 alkyl)1-2aminocarbonylamino,
C0-10 alkyl aminocarbonylamino,
C3-8 heterocyclyl C0-10 alkyl aminocarbonylamino,
(C1-10 alkyl)2aminocarbonyl C0-10 alkyl,
(aryl C1-10 alkyl)1-2aminocarbonyl C0-10alkyl,
C0-10 alkyl aminocarbonyl C0-10 alkyl,
C3-8 cycloalkyl C0-10 alkyl aminocarbonyl C0-10 alkyl,
C3-8 heterocyclyl C0-10 alkyl aminocarbonyl C0-10 alkyl,
aryl C0-10 alkyl aminocarbonyl C0-10 alkyl,
(C1-10 alkyl)2aminocarbonyl,
(aryl C1-10 alkyl)1-2aminocarbonyl,
C1-10 alkoxy (carbonyl)0-1C0-10 alkyl,
C0-10 alkyl carbonylamino(C0-10 alkyl),
C0-10 alkoxy carbonylamino(C0-10 alkyl),
carboxy C0-10 alkylamino,
carboxy C0-10 alkyl,
carboxy C3-8 cycloalkyl,
C1-10 alkoxy,
C1-10 alkyloxy C0-10 alkyl
C1-10 alkylcarbonyloxy,
C3-8 heterocyclyl C0-10 alkylcarbonyloxy,
C3-8 cycloalkyl C0-10 alkylcarbonyloxy,
aryl C0-10 alkylcarbonyloxy,
C1-10 alkylcarbonyloxy amino,
C3-8 heterocyclyl C0-10 alkylcarbonyloxy amino,
C3-8 cycloalkyl C0-10 alkylcarbonyloxy amino,
aryl C0-10 alkylcarbonyloxy amino,
(C1-10 alkyl)2aminocarbonyloxy,
(aryl C0-10 alkyl)1-2aminocarbonyloxy,
(C3-8 heterocyclyl C0-10alkyl)1-2aminocarbonyloxy,
(C3-8 cycloalkyl C0-10 alkyl)1-2aminocarbonyloxy,
hydroxy C0-10 alkyl,
hydroxycarbonylC0-10 alkoxy,
hydroxycarbonylC0-10 alkyloxy,
C1-10 alkylthio,
C1-10 alkylsulfinyl,
aryl C0-10 alkylsulfinyl,
C3-8 heterocyclyl C0-10alkylsulfinyl,
C3-8 cycloalkyl C0-10 alkylsulfinyl,
C1-10 alkylsulfonyl,
aryl C0-10 alkylsulfonyl,
C3-8 heterocyclyl C0-10 alkylsulfonyl,
C3-8 cycloalkyl C0-10 alkylsulfonyl,
C1-10 alkylsulfonylamino,
aryl C1-10 alkylsulfonylamino,
C3-8 heterocyclyl C1-10 alkylsulfonylamino,
C3-8 cycloalkyl C1-10 alkylsulfonylamino,
cyano,
nitro,
perfluoroC1-6alkyl, and
perfluoroC1-6alkoxy;

wherein R8 is optionally substituted with one or more R9; and
R9 is chosen from:
hydrogen,
halogen,
(carbonyl)0-1C1-10 alkyl,
(carbonyl)0-1C2-10 alkenyl,
(carbonyl)0-1C2-10 alkynyl,
(carbonyl)0-1aryl C1-10 alkyl,
C3-8 cycloalkyl C0-10 alkyl,
(C3-8)heterocyclyl C0-10 alkyl,
C1-4acylamino C0-10 alkyl,
C0-10 alkylamino C0-10 alkyl,
di-(C1-10 alkyl)amino C0-10 alkyl,
arylC0-10 alkylamino C0-10 alkyl,
(arylC0-10 alkyl)2amino C0-1 alkyl,
C3-8 cycloalkyl C0-10 alkylamino C0-10 alkyl,
C3-8 heterocyclyl C0-10 alkylamino C0-10 alkyl,
(C1-10 alkyl)2aminocarbonyl,
C1-10 alkoxy (carbonyl)0-1C0-10 alkyl,
C1-10alkyloxy C0-10 alkyl,
(C1-10 alkyl)2aminocarbonyloxy,
hydroxycarbonylC0-10alkoxy,
(C1-10 alkyl)2aminocarbonyloxy,
(aryl C0-10 alkyl)1-2aminocarbonyloxy,
hydroxy C0-10alkyl,
C1-10 alkylsulfonyl,
C1-10 alkylsulfonylamino,
aryl C1-10 alkylsulfonylamino,
C3-8 heterocyclyl C1-10 alkylsulfonylamino,
C3-8 cycloalkyl C1-10 alkylsulfonylamino,
cyano,
nitro,
perfluoroC1-6alkyl, and
perfluoroC1-6alkoxy, and
wherein, R9 is optionally substituted with one or more groups selected from hydrogen, OH, (C1-6)alkoxy, halogen, CO2H, CN, O(C\u2550O)C1-C6 alkyl, NO2, trifluoromethoxy, trifluoroethoxy, \u2014Ob(C1-10)perfluoroalkyl, and NH2.
2. A compound according to claim 1, wherein X is halogen and Z is C1-3 alkyl optionally substituted with one to seven fluorine atoms.
3. A compound according to claim 1 having a structural formula II:
a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or a stereoisomer thereof,
wherein:
represents a group chosen from pyridinyl and quinolyl
R1, R2, R3, and R4 are each independently chosen from:
hydrogen,
halogen,
C1-8 alkyl,
amino C0-6alkyl,
C1-6 alkylamino C0-6alkyl,
(C1-6 alkyl)2amino C0-6alkyl,
C1-6 alkoxy C0-6 alkyl,
hydroxycarbonyl C0-6alkyl,
C1-6 alkoxycarbonyl C0-6alkyl,
hydroxycarbonyl C1-6 alkyloxy,
hydroxy C0-6alkyl,
cyano,
perfluoroC1-4alkyl,
perfluoroC1-4alkoxy,
C0-6 alkylcarbonyl,
C1-6 alkylcarbonyloxy,
C1-6 alkylcarbonylamino,
C1-6 alkylsulfonylamino,
C1-6 alkoxycarbonylamino,
C1-6alkylaminocarbonylamino,
(C1-6 alkyl)2aminocarbonylamino, and
(C1-6 alkyl)2aminocarbonyloxy,

and wherein
R1 and R2 together with the carbon atom to which they are attached can optionally form a spiro-C3-6 cycloalkyl group, or an oxo group,
R3 and R4 together with the carbon atom to which they are attached can optionally form a spiro-C3-6 cycloalkyl group, or an oxo group, and
R1, R2, R3, and R4 are each independently optionally substituted with one or more R9;
R5, R6, and R7 are each independently chosen from:
hydrogen,
halogen,
(carbonyl)0-1C1-10 alkyl,
(carbonyl)0-1C2-10 alkenyl,
(carbonyl)0-1C2-10 alkynyl,
(carbonyl)0-1aryl C1-10 alkyl,
C3-8 cycloalkyl C0-10 alkyl(carbonyl)0-1,
(C3-8)heterocyclyl C0-10 alkyl(carbonyl)0-1,
C1-4acylamino C0-10 alkyl,
C0-10 alkylamino C0-10 alkyl,
C0-10 alkylamino C0-10 alkylaminocarbonyl,
di-C1-10 alkyl)amino C0-10 alkyl,
arylC0-10 alkylamino C0-10 alkyl,
(arylC0-10 alkyl)2amino C0-10 alkyl,
C3-8 cycloalkyl C0-10 alkylamino C0-10 alkyl,
C3-8 heterocyclyl C0-10 alkylamino C0-10 alkyl,
(C3-8 cycloalkyl C0-10 alkyl)2amino C0-10 alkyl,
(C3-8 heterocyclyl C0-10 alkyl)2amino C0-10 alkyl,
C3-8 cycloalkyl C0-10 alkyl aminocarbonylamino,
(C1-10 alkyl)2aminocarbonylamino,
(aryl C1-10 alkyl)1-2aminocarbonylamino,
C0-10 alkyl aminocarbonylamino,
C3-8 heterocyclyl C0-10 alkyl aminocarbonylamino,
(C1-10 alkyl)2aminocarbonyl C0-10 alkyl,
(aryl C1-10 alkyl)1-2aminocarbonyl C0-10 alkyl,
C0-10 alkyl aminocarbonyl C0-10 alkyl,
C3-8 cycloalkyl C1-10 alkyl aminocarbonyl C0-10 alkyl,
C3-8 heterocyclyl C0-10 alkyl aminocarbonyl C0-10 alkyl,
aryl C0-10 alkyl aminocarbonyl C1-10 alkyl,
(C1-10 alkyl)2aminocarbonyl,
(aryl C1-10 alkyl)1-2aminocarbonyl,
C1-10 alkoxy (carbonyl)0-1C0-10 alkyl,
C0-10 alkyl carbonylamino(CO10 alkyl),
C0-10 alkoxy carbonylamino(C0-10 alkyl),
carboxy C0-10 alkylamino,
carboxy C0-10 alkyl,
carboxy aryl,
carboxy C3-8 cycloalkyl,
carboxy C3-8 heterocyclyl,
C1-10 alkoxy,
C1-10alkyloxy C0-10alkyl
C1-10 alkylcarbonyloxy,
C3-8 heterocyclyl C0-10 alkylcarbonyloxy,
C3-8 cycloalkyl C0-10 alkylcarbonyloxy,
aryl C0-10 alkylcarbonyloxy,
C1-10 alkylcarbonyloxy amino,
C3-8 heterocyclyl C0-10 alkylcarbonyloxy amino,
C3-8 cycloalkyl C0-10 alkylcarbonyloxy amino,
aryl C0-10 alkylcarbonyloxy amino,
(C1-10 alkyl)2aminocarbonyloxy,
(aryl C0-10 alkyl)1-2aminocarbonyloxy,
(C3-8 heterocyclyl C0-10 alkyl)1-2aminocarbonyloxy,
(C3-8 cycloalkyl C0-10 alkyl)1-2aminocarbonyloxy,
hydroxy C0-10 alkyl,
hydroxycarbonylC0-10alkoxy,
hydroxycarbonylC0-10alkyloxy,
C1-10 alkylthio,
C1-10 alkylsulfinyl,
aryl C0-10 alkylsulfinyl,
C3-8 heterocyclyl C0-10 alkylsulfinyl,
C3-8 cycloalkyl C0-10 alkylsulfinyl,
C1-10 alkylsulfonyl,
aryl C0-10 alkylsulfonyl,
C3-8 heterocyclyl C0-10 alkylsulfonyl,
C3-8 cycloalkyl C0-10 alkylsulfonyl,
C1-10 alkylsulfonylamino,
aryl C1-10 alkylsulfonylamino,
C3-8 heterocyclyl C1-10 alkylsulfonylamino,
C3-8 cycloalkyl C1-10 alkylsulfonylamino,
cyano,
nitro,
perfluoroC1-6 alkyl, and
perfluoroC1-6 alkoxy, and

R5, R6, and R7 are each independently optionally substituted with one or more R9;
R8 is chosen from:
hydrogen,
halogen,
(carbonyl)0-1C1-10 alkyl,
(carbonyl)0-1C2-10 alkenyl,
(carbonyl)0-1C2-10 alkynyl,
(carbonyl)0-1aryl C1-10 alkyl,
C3-8 cycloalkyl C0-10 alkyl(carbonyl)0-1,
C1-4acylamino C0-10 alkyl,
C0-10 alkylamino C0-10 alkyl,
C0-10 alkylamino C0-10 alkylaminocarbonyl,
di-(C1-10 alkyl)amino C0-10 alkyl,
arylC0-10 alkylamino C0-10 alkyl,
(arylC0-10 alkyl)2amino C0-10 alkyl,
C3-8 cycloalkyl C0-10 alkylamino C0-10 alkyl,
C3-8 heterocyclyl C0-10 alkylamino C0-10 alkyl,
(C3-8 cycloalkyl C0-10 alkyl)2amino C0-10 alkyl,
(C3-8 heterocyclyl C0-10 alkyl)2amino C0-10 alkyl,
C3-8 cycloalkyl C0-1 alkyl aminocarbonylamino,
(C1-10 alkyl)2aminocarbonylamino,
(aryl C1-10 alkyl)1-2aminocarbonylamino,
C0-10 alkyl aminocarbonylamino,
C3-8 heterocyclyl C0-10 alkyl aminocarbonylamino,
(C1-10 alkyl)2aminocarbonyl C0-10 alkyl,
(aryl C1-10 alkyl)1-2aminocarbonyl C1-10 alkyl,
C0-10 alkyl aminocarbonyl C0-10 alkyl,
C3-8 cycloalkyl C0-10 alkyl aminocarbonyl C0-10 alkyl,
C3-8 heterocyclyl C0-10 alkyl aminocarbonyl C0-10 alkyl,
aryl C0-10 alkyl aminocarbonyl C0-10 alkyl,
(C1-10 alkyl)2aminocarbonyl,
(aryl C1-10 alkyl)1-2aminocarbonyl,
C1-10 alkoxy (carbonyl)0-1C0-10 alkyl,
C0-10 alkyl carbonylamino(C0-10 alkyl),
C0-10 alkoxy carbonylamino(C0-10 alkyl),
carboxy C0-10 alkylamino,
carboxy C0-10 alkyl,
carboxy C3-8 cycloalkyl,
C1-10 alkoxy,
C1-10 alkyloxy C0-10 alkyl
C1-10 alkylcarbonyloxy,
C3-8 heterocyclyl C0-10 alkylcarbonyloxy,
C3-8 cycloalkyl C0-10 alkylcarbonyloxy,
aryl C0-10 alkylcarbonyloxy,
C1-10 alkylcarbonyloxy amino,
C3-8 heterocyclyl C0-10 alkylcarbonyloxy amino,
C3-8 cycloalkyl C0-10 alkylcarbonyloxy amino,
aryl C0-10 alkylcarbonyloxy amino,
(C1-10 alkyl)2aminocarbonyloxy,
(aryl C0-10 alkyl)1-2aminocarbonyloxy,
(C3-8 heterocyclyl C0-10 alkyl)1-2aminocarbonyloxy,
(C3-8 cycloalkyl C0-10 alkyl)1-2aminocarbonyloxy,
hydroxy C0-10alkyl,
hydroxycarbonylC0-10alkoxy,
hydroxycarbonylC0-10alkyloxy,
C1-10 alkylthio,
C1-10 alkylsulfinyl,
aryl C0-10 alkylsulfinyl,
C3-8 heterocyclyl C0-10 alkylsulfinyl,
C3-8 cycloalkyl C0-10 alkylsulfinyl,
C1-10 alkylsulfonyl,
aryl C0-10 alkylsulfonyl,
C3-8 heterocyclyl C0-10 alkylsulfonyl,
C3-8 cycloalkyl C0-10 alkylsulfonyl,
C1-10 alkylsulfonylamino,
aryl C1-10 alkylsulfonylamino,
C3-8 heterocyclyl C1-10 alkylsulfonylamino,
C3-8 cycloalkyl C1-10 alkylsulfonylamino,
cyano,
nitro,
perfluoroC1-6 alkyl, and
perfluoroC1-6 alkoxy, and

R8 is optionally substituted with one or more R9; and
wherein R9 is chosen from:
hydrogen,
halogen,
(carbonyl)0-1C1-10 alkyl,
(carbonyl)0-1C2-10 alkenyl,
(carbonyl)0-1C2-10 alkynyl,
(carbonyl)0-1aryl C1-10 alkyl,
C3-8 cycloalkyl C0-10 alkyl,
(C3-8)heterocyclyl C0-10 alkyl,
C1-4acylamino C0-10 alkyl,
C0-10 alkylamino C0-10 alkyl,
di-(C1-10 alkyl)amino C0-10 alkyl,
arylC0-10 alkylamino C1-10 alkyl,
(arylC0-10 alkyl)2amino C0-10 alkyl,
C3-8 cycloalkyl C0-10 alkylamino C0-10 alkyl,
C3-8 heterocyclyl C0-10 alkylamino C0-10 alkyl,
(C1-10 alkyl)2aminocarbonyl,
C1-10 alkoxy (carbonyl)0-1C0-10 alkyl,
C1-10alkyloxy C0-10alkyl,
(C1-10 alkyl)2aminocarbonyloxy,
hydroxycarbonylC0-10alkoxy,
(C1-10 alkyl)2aminocarbonyloxy,
(aryl C0-10 alkyl)1-2aminocarbonyloxy,
hydroxy C0-10alkyl,
C1-10 alkylsulfonyl,
C1-10 alkylsulfonylamino,
aryl C1-10 alkylsulfonylamino,
C3-8 heterocyclyl C1-10 alkylsulfonylamino,
C3-8 cycloalkyl C1-10 alkylsulfonylamino,
cyano,
nitro,
perfluoroC1-6 alkyl, and
perfluoroC1-6 alkoxy, and

wherein, R9 is optionally substituted with one or more groups selected from hydrogen, OH, (C1-6)alkoxy, halogen, CO2H, CN, O(C\u2550O)C1-C6 alkyl, NO2, trifluoromethoxy, trifluoroethoxy, \u2014Ob(C1-10)perfluoroalkyl, and NH2.
4. A compound according to claim 3, wherein
is pyridinyl.
5. A compound according to claim 1 having structural formula III:
a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or a stereoisomer thereof,
wherein:
represents a group chosen from: and pyridinyl;
R2, R3, and R4 are each independently chosen from:
hydrogen,
halogen,
C1-8 alkyl,
amino C0-6alkyl,
C1-6 alkylamino C0-6alkyl,
(C1-6 alkyl)2amino C0-6alkyl,
(C0-6alkyl)amino,
(C0-6alkyl)carbonylamino,
C1-6 alkoxy C0-6alkyl,
hydroxycarbonyl C0-6alkyl,
C1-6 alkoxycarbonyl C0-6alkyl,
hydroxycarbonyl C1-6 alkyloxy,
hydroxy C0-6alkyl,
cyano,
perfluoroC1-4 alkyl, and
perfluoroC1-4 alkoxy,

wherein
R3 and R4 together with the carbon atom to which they are attached can optionally form a spiro-C3-6 cycloalkyl group, or an oxo group and
R2, R3, and R4 are each independently optionally substituted with one or more R9; R5, R6, and R7 are each independently chosen from:
hydrogen,
halogen,
(carbonyl)0-1C1-10 alkyl,
(carbonyl)0-1C2-10 alkenyl,
(carbonyl)0-1C2-10 alkynyl,
(carbonyl)0-1aryl C1-10 alkyl,
C3-8 cycloalkyl C0-10 alkyl(carbonyl)0-1,
(C3-8)heterocyclyl C0-10 alkyl(carbonyl)0-1,
C1-4acylamino C0-10 alkyl,
C0-10 alkylamino C0-10 alkyl,
C0-10 alkylamino C0-10 alkylaminocarbonyl,
di-(C1-10 alkyl)amino C0-10 alkyl,
arylC0-10 alkylamino C0-10 alkyl,
(arylC0-10 alkyl)2amino C0-10 alkyl,
C3-8 cycloalkyl C0-10 alkylamino C0-10 alkyl,
C3-8 heterocyclyl C0-10 alkylamino C0-10 alkyl,
(C3-8 cycloalkyl C0-10 alkyl)2amino C0-10 alkyl,
(C3-8 heterocyclyl C0-10 alkyl)2amino C0-10 alkyl,
C3-8 cycloalkyl C0-10 alkyl aminocarbonylamino,
(C1-10 alkyl)2aminocarbonylamino,
(aryl C1-10 alkyl)1-2aminocarbonylamino,
C0-10 alkyl aminocarbonylamino,
C3-8 heterocyclyl C0-10 alkyl aminocarbonylamino,
(C1-10 alkyl)2aminocarbonyl C0-10 alkyl,
(aryl C1-10 alkyl)1-2aminocarbonyl C0-10 alkyl,
C0-10 alkyl aminocarbonyl C0-10 alkyl,
C3-8 cycloalkyl C0-10 alkyl aminocarbonyl C0-10 alkyl,
C3-8 heterocyclyl C0-10 alkyl aminocarbonyl C0-10 alkyl,
aryl C0-10 alkyl aminocarbonyl C0-10 alkyl,
(C1-10 alkyl)2aminocarbonyl,
(aryl C1-10 alkyl)1-2aminocarbonyl,
C1-10 alkoxy (carbonyl)0-1C0-10 alkyl,
C0-10 alkyl carbonylamino(C0-10 alkyl),
C0-10 alkoxy carbonylamino(C0-10 alkyl),
carboxy C0-10 alkylamino,
carboxy C0-10 alkyl,
carboxy aryl,
carboxy C3-8 cycloalkyl,
carboxy C3-8 heterocyclyl,
C1-10 alkoxy,
C1-10alkyloxy C0-10alkyl
C1-10 alkylcarbonyloxy,
C3-8 heterocyclyl C0-10 alkylcarbonyloxy,
C3-8 cycloalkyl C0-10 alkylcarbonyloxy,
aryl C0-10 alkylcarbonyloxy,
C1-10 alkylcarbonyloxy amino,
C3-8 heterocyclyl C0-10 alkylcarbonyloxy amino,
C3-8 cycloalkyl C1-10 alkylcarbonyloxy amino,
aryl C0-10 alkylcarbonyloxy amino,
(C1-10 alkyl)2aminocarbonyloxy,
(aryl C0-10 alkyl)1-2aminocarbonyloxy,
(C3-8 heterocyclyl C0-10 alkyl)1-2aminocarbonyloxy,
(C3-8 cycloalkyl C0-10 alkyl)1-2aminocarbonyloxy,
hydroxy C0-10alkyl,
hydroxycarbonylC0-10alkoxy,
hydroxycarbonylC0-10alkyloxy,
C1-10 alkylthio,
C1-10 alkylsulfinyl,
aryl C0-10 alkylsulfinyl,
C3-8 heterocyclyl C0-10 alkylsulfinyl,
C3-8 cycloalkyl C0-10 alkylsulfinyl,
C1-10 alkylsulfonyl,
aryl C0-10 alkylsulfonyl,
C3-8 heterocyclyl C0-10 alkylsulfonyl,
C3-8 cycloalkyl C0-10 alkylsulfonyl,
C1-10 alkylsulfonylamino,
aryl C1-10 alkylsulfonylamino,
C3-8 heterocyclyl C1-10 alkylsulfonylamino,
C3-8 cycloalkyl C1-10 alkylsulfonylamino,
cyano,
nitro,
perfluoroC1-6alkyl, and
perfluoroC1-6alkoxy; and

R5, R6, and R7 are each independently optionally substituted with one or more R9;
R8 is chosen from:
hydrogen,
halogen,
(carbonyl)0-1C1-10 alkyl,
(carbonyl)0-1C2-10 alkenyl,
(carbonyl)0-1C2-10 alkynyl,
(carbonyl)0-1aryl C1-10 alkyl,
C3-8 cycloalkyl C0-10 alkyl(carbonyl)0-1,
C1-4acylamino C0-10 alkyl,
C0-10 alkylamino C0-10 alkyl,
C0-10 alkylamino C0-10 alkylaminocarbonyl,
di-C1-10 alkyl)amino C0-10 alkyl,
arylC0-10 alkylamino C0-10 alkyl,
(arylC0-10 alkyl)2amino C0-10 alkyl,
C3-8 cycloalkyl C0-10 alkylamino C0-10 alkyl,
C3-8 heterocyclyl C0-10 alkylamino C0-10 alkyl,
(C3-8 cycloalkyl C0-10 alkyl)2amino C0-10 alkyl,
(C3-8 heterocyclyl C0-10 alkyl)2amino C0-10 alkyl,
C3-8 cycloalkyl C0-10 alkyl aminocarbonylamino,
(C1-10 alkyl)2aminocarbonylamino,
(aryl C1-10 alkyl)1-2aminocarbonylamino,
C0-10 alkyl aminocarbonylamino,
C3-8 heterocyclyl C0-10 alkyl aminocarbonylamino,
(C1-10 alkyl)2aminocarbonyl C0-10 alkyl,
(aryl C1-10 alkyl)1-2aminocarbonyl C0-10 alkyl,
C0-10 alkyl aminocarbonyl C0-10 alkyl,
C3-8 cycloalkyl C0-10 alkyl aminocarbonyl C0-10 alkyl,
C3-8 heterocyclyl C0-10 alkyl aminocarbonyl C0-10 alkyl,
aryl C0-10 alkyl aminocarbonyl C0-10 alkyl,
(C1-10 alkyl)2aminocarbonyl,
(aryl C1-10 alkyl)1-2aminocarbonyl,
C1-10 alkoxy (carbonyl)0-1C0-10 alkyl,
C0-10 alkyl carbonylamino(C0-10 alkyl),
C0-10 alkoxy carbonylamino(C0-10 alkyl),
carboxy C0-10 alkylamino,
carboxy C0-10 alkyl,
carboxy C3-8 cycloalkyl,
C1-10 alkoxy,
C1-10alkyloxy C0-10alkyl
C1-10 alkylcarbonyloxy,
C3-8 heterocyclyl C0-10 alkylcarbonyloxy,
C3-8 cycloalkyl C0-10 alkylcarbonyloxy,
aryl C0-10 alkylcarbonyloxy,
C1-10 alkylcarbonyloxy amino,
C3-8 heterocyclyl C0-10 alkylcarbonyloxy amino,
C3-8 cycloalkyl C0-10 alkylcarbonyloxy amino,
aryl C0-10 alkylcarbonyloxy amino,
(C1-10 alkyl)2aminocarbonyloxy,
(aryl C0-10 alkyl)1-2aminocarbonyloxy,
(C3-8 heterocyclyl C0-10 alkyl)1-2aminocarbonyloxy,
(C3-8 cycloalkyl C0-10 alkyl)1-2aminocarbonyloxy,
hydroxy C0-10alkyl,
hydroxycarbonylC0-10alkoxy,
hydroxycarbonylC0-10alkyloxy,
C1-10 alkylthio,
C1-10 alkylsulfinyl,
aryl C0-10 alkylsulfinyl,
C3-8 heterocyclyl C0-10 alkylsulfinyl,
C3-8 cycloalkyl C0-10 alkylsulfinyl,
C1-10 alkylsulfonyl,
aryl C0-10 alkylsulfonyl,
C3-8 heterocyclyl C0-10 alkylsulfonyl,
C3-8 cycloalkyl C0-10 alkylsulfonyl,
C1-10 alkylsulfonylamino,
aryl C1-10 alkylsulfonylamino,
C3-8 heterocyclyl C1-10 alkylsulfonylamino,
C3-8 cycloalkyl C1-10 alkylsulfonylamino,
cyano,
nitro,
perfluoroC1-6alkyl, and
perfluoroC1-6alkoxy; and

wherein R8 is optionally substituted with one or more R9; and
R9 is chosen from:
hydrogen,
halogen,
(carbonyl)0-1C1-10 alkyl,
(carbonyl)0-1C2-10 alkenyl,
(carbonyl)0-1C2-10 alkynyl,
(carbonyl)0-1aryl C1-10 alkyl,
C3-8 cycloalkyl C0-10 alkyl,
(C3-8)heterocyclyl C0-10 alkyl,
C1-4acylamino C0-10 alkyl,
C0-10 alkylamino C0-10 alkyl,
di-(C1-10 alkyl)amino C0-10 alkyl,
arylC0-10 alkylamino C0-10 alkyl,
(arylC0-10 alkyl)2amino C0-10 alkyl,
C3-8 cycloalkyl C0-10 alkylamino C0-10 alkyl,
C3-8 heterocyclyl C0-10 alkylamino C0-10 alkyl,
(C1-10 alkyl)2aminocarbonyl,
C1-10 alkoxy (carbonyl)0-1C0-10 alkyl,
C1-10 alkyloxy C0-10 alkyl,
(C1-10 alkyl)2aminocarbonyloxy,
hydroxycarbonylC0-10alkoxy,
(C1-10 alkyl)2aminocarbonyloxy,
(aryl C0-10 alkyl)1-2aminocarbonyloxy,
hydroxy C0-10alkyl,
C1-10 alkylsulfonyl,
C1-10 alkylsulfonylamino,
aryl C1-10 alkylsulfonylamino,
C3-8 heterocyclyl C1-10 alkylsulfonylamino,
C3-8 cycloalkyl C1-10 alkylsulfonylamino,
cyano,
nitro,
perfluoroC1-6 alkyl, and
perfluoroC1-6 alkoxy; and

wherein, R9 is optionally substituted with one or more groups selected from hydrogen, OH, (C1-6)alkoxy, halogen, CO2H CN, O(C\u2014O)C1-C6 alkyl, NO2, trifluoromethoxy, trifluoroethoxy, \u2014Ob(C1-10)perfluoroalkyl, and NH2.
6. A compound of claim 5 and formula III, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or a stereoisomer thereof, wherein:
represents a group chosen from: pyridinyl;
R2, R3, and R4 are each independently chosen from:
hydrogen,
halogen,
C1-8 alkyl,
(C0-6alkyl)amino,
(C0-6alkyl)carbonylamino,
amino C0-6alkyl,
C1-6 alkylamino C0-6alkyl,
(C1-6 alkyl)2amino C0-6alkyl,
C1-6 alkoxy C0-6alkyl,
C1-6 alkoxycarbonyl C0-6alkyl,
hydroxy C0-6alkyl,
cyano,
perfluoroC1-4alkyl, and
perfluoroC1-4alkoxy,

wherein
R3 and R4 together with the carbon atom to which they are attached can optionally form a spiro-C3-6 cycloalkyl group, or an oxo group, and
R2, R3, and R4 are each independently optionally substituted with one or more R9;
R5, R6, and R7 are each independently chosen from:
hydrogen,
halogen,
(carbonyl)0-1C1-10 alkyl,
(carbonyl)0-1C2-10 alkenyl,
(carbonyl)0-1aryl C1-10 alkyl,
C3-8 cycloalkyl C0-10 alkyl(carbonyl)0-1,
(C3-8)heterocyclyl C0-10 alkyl(carbonyl)0-1,
C1-4acylamino C0-10 alkyl,
C0-10alkylamino C0-10 alkyl,
C0-10 alkylamino C0-10 alkylaminocarbonyl,
di-C1-10 alkyl)amino C0-10 alkyl,
arylC0-10 alkylamino C0-10 alkyl,
C3-8 cycloalkyl C0-10 alkylamino C0-10 alkyl,
C3-8 heterocyclyl C0-10 alkylamino C0-10 alkyl,
(C3-8 cycloalkyl C0-10 alkyl)2amino C0-10 alkyl,
(C3-8 heterocyclyl C0-10 alkyl)2amino C0-10 alkyl,
C3-8 cycloalkyl C0-10 alkyl aminocarbonylamino,
(C1-10 alkyl)2aminocarbonylamino,
(aryl C1-10 alkyl)1-2aminocarbonylamino,
C0-10 alkyl aminocarbonylamino,
C3-8 heterocyclyl C0-10 alkyl aminocarbonylamino,
(C1-10 alkyl)2aminocarbonyl C0-10 alkyl,
(aryl C1-10 alkyl)1-2aminocarbonyl C0-10 alkyl,
C0-10 alkyl aminocarbonyl C0-10 alkyl,
C3-8 cycloalkyl C0-10 alkyl aminocarbonyl C0-10 alkyl,
C3-8 heterocyclyl C0-10 alkyl aminocarbonyl C0-10 alkyl,
aryl C0-10 alkyl aminocarbonyl C0-10 alkyl,
(C1-10 alkyl)2aminocarbonyl,
(aryl C1-10 alkyl)1-2aminocarbonyl,
C1-10 alkoxy (carbonyl)0-1C0-10 alkyl,
C0-10 alkyl carbonylamino(C0-10 alkyl),
C0-10 alkoxy carbonylamino(C0-10 alkyl),
carboxy C0-10 alkylamino,
carboxy C0-10 alkyl,
carboxy aryl,
carboxy C3-8 cycloalkyl,
carboxy C3-8 heterocyclyl,
C1-10 alkoxy,
C1-10alkyloxy C0-10alkyl
C1-10 alkylcarbonyloxy,
C3-8 heterocyclyl C0-10 alkylcarbonyloxy,
C3-8 cycloalkyl C0-10 alkylcarbonyloxy,
aryl C0-10 alkylcarbonyloxy,
C1-10 alkylcarbonyloxy amino,
C3-8 heterocyclyl C0-10 alkylcarbonyloxy amino,
C3-8 cycloalkyl C0-10 alkylcarbonyloxy amino,
aryl C0-10 alkylcarbonyloxy amino,
(C1-10 alkyl)2aminocarbonyloxy,
(aryl C0-10 alkyl)1-2aminocarbonyloxy,
(C3-8 heterocyclyl C0-10 alkyl)1-2aminocarbonyloxy,
(C3-8 cycloalkyl C0-10 alkyl)1-2aminocarbonyloxy,
hydroxy C0-10alkyl,
hydroxycarbonylC0-10alkoxy,
hydroxycarbonylC0-10alkoxy,
C1-10 alkylthio,
C1-10 alkylsulfonyl,
aryl C0-10 alkylsulfonyl,
C3-8 heterocyclyl C0-10 alkylsulfonyl,
C3-8 cycloalkyl C0-10 alkylsulfonyl,
C1-10 alkylsulfonylamino,
aryl C1-10 alkylsulfonylamino,
C3-8 heterocyclyl C1-10 alkylsulfonylamino,
C3-8 cycloalkyl C1-10 alkylsulfonylamino,
cyano,
nitro,
perfluoroC1-6 alkyl, and
perfluoroC1-6 alkoxy, and

R5, R6, and R7 are each independently optionally substituted with one or more R9;
R8 is chosen from:
hydrogen,
(carbonyl)0-1C1-10 alkyl,
(carbonyl)0-1aryl C1-10 alkyl,
C3-8 cycloalkyl C0-10 alkyl(carbonyl)0-1,
C0-10 alkylamino C0-10 alkyl,
carboxy C0-10 alkyl,
carboxy C3-8 heterocyclyl,
C1-10alkyloxy C0-10alkyl,
hydroxy C0-10alkyl, and
perfluoroC1-6 alkyl,

wherein R8 is optionally substituted with one or more R9;
R9 is chosen from:
hydrogen,
halogen,
(carbonyl)0-1C1-10 alkyl,
(carbonyl)0-1C2-10 alkenyl,
(carbonyl)0-1aryl C1-10 alkyl,
C3-8 cycloalkyl C0-10 alkyl,
(C3-8)heterocyclyl C0-10 alkyl,
C1-4acylamino C0-10 alkyl,
C0-10 alkylamino C0-10 alkyl,
di-C1-10 alkyl)amino C0-10 alkyl,
arylC0-10 alkylamino C0-10 alkyl,
(arylC0-10 alkyl)2amino C0-10 alkyl,
C3-8 cycloalkyl C0-10 alkylamino C0-10 alkyl,
C3-8 heterocyclyl C0-10 alkylamino C0-10 alkyl,
(C1-10 alkyl)2aminocarbonyl,
C1-10 alkoxy (carbonyl)0-1C0-10 alkyl,
C1-10alkyloxy C0-10alkyl,
(C1-10 alkyl)2aminocarbonyloxy,
hydroxycarbonylC0-10alkoxy,
(C1-10 alkyl)2aminocarbonyloxy,
hydroxy C0-10alkyl,
C1-10 alkylsulfonyl,
C1-10 alkylsulfonylamino,
aryl C1-10 alkylsulfonylamino,
C3-8 heterocyclyl C1-10 alkylsulfonylamino,
C3-8 cycloalkyl C1-10 alkylsulfonylamino,
cyano,
nitro,
perfluoroC1-6alkyl, and
perfluoroC1-6alkoxy; and

wherein, R9 is optionally substituted with one or more groups selected from hydrogen, OH, (C1-6)alkoxy, halogen, CO2H, CN, O(C\u2550O)C1-C6 alkyl, NO2, trifluoromethoxy, trifluoroethoxy, \u2014Ob(C1-10)perfluoroalkyl, and NH2.
7. A compound according to claim 6, wherein R2 is chosen from hydrogen, halogen, C1-8alkyl, and perfluoroC1-6alkyl.
8. A compound according to claim 6, wherein R3 and R4 are each independently chosen from hydrogen, halogen, C1-8alkyl, C1-10alkoxyl, and perfluoroC1-6alkyl.
9. A compound according to claim 6, wherein R8 is chosen from:
hydrogen,
(carbonyl)0-1C1-10 alkyl,
(carbonyl)0-1aryl C1-10 alkyl,
C3-8 cycloalkyl C0-10 alkyl(carbonyl)0-1,
C0-10 alkylamino C0-10 alkyl,
hydroxy C0-10alkyl, and
perfluoroC1-6alkyl,

wherein R8 is optionally substituted with at least one substituent, R9, chosen from:
hydrogen,
halogen,
(carbonyl)0-1C1-10 alkyl,
(carbonyl)0-1C2-10 alkenyl,
(carbonyl)0-1aryl C1-10 alkyl,
C3-8 cycloalkyl C0-10 alkyl,
(C3-8)heterocyclyl C0-10 alkyl,
C1-4acylamino C0-10 alkyl,
C0-10 alkylamino C0-10 alkyl,
di-(C1-10 alkyl)amino C0-10 alkyl,
arylC0-10 alkylamino C0-10 alkyl,
(arylC1-10 alkyl)2amino C0-10 alkyl,
C3-8 cycloalkyl C0-10 alkylamino C0-10 alkyl,
C3-8 heterocyclyl C0-10 alkylamino C0-10 alkyl,
(C1-10 alkyl)2aminocarbonyl,
C1-10 alkoxy (carbonyl)0-1C0-10alkyl,
C1-10 alkyloxy C0-10alkyl,
(C1-10 alkyl)2aminocarbonyloxy,
hydroxycarbonylC0-10alkoxy,
(C1-1 alkyl)2aminocarbonyloxy,
hydroxy C0-10alkyl,
C1-10 alkylsulfonyl,
C1-10 alkylsulfonylamino,
aryl C1-10 alkylsulfonylamino,
C3-8 heterocyclyl C1-10 alkylsulfonylamino,
C3-8 cycloalkyl C1-10 alkylsulfonylamino,
cyano,
nitro,
perfluoroC1-6alkyl, and
perfluoroC1-6alkoxy, and

wherein, R9 is optionally substituted with one or more groups selected from hydrogen, OH, (C1-6)alkoxy, halogen, CO2H, CN, O(C\u2550O)C1-C6 alkyl, NO2, trifluoromethoxy, trifluoroethoxy, \u2014Ob(C1-10)perfluoroalkyl, and NH2.
10. A compound selected from:
N-(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)-4-methyl-3-oxo-4-aza-5\u03b1-androst-1-en-17\u03b2-acetamide;
N-(pyridin-3-ylmethyl)-4-methyl-3-oxo-4-aza-5\u03b1-androst-1-en-17\u03b2-acetamide;
N-(pyridin-4-ylmethyl)-4-methyl-3-oxo-4-aza-5\u03b1-androst-1-en-17\u03b2-acetamide;
N-(6-methylpyridin-2-yl)methyl-4-methyl-3-oxo-4-aza-5\u03b1-androst-1-en-17\u03b2-acetamide;
N-(1-oxidopyridin-2-yl)methyl-4-methyl-3-oxo-4-aza-5\u03b1-androst-1-en-17\u03b2-acetamide;
N-3-(methylthio)pyridin-2-ylmethyl-4-methyl-3-oxo-4-aza-5\u03b1-androst-1-en-17\u03b2-acetamide;
N-{1H-trifluoromethyl)pyridin-3-ylmethyl}-4-methyl-3-oxo-4-aza-5\u03b1-androst-1-en-17\u03b2-acetamide;
N-N-methyl(pyridin-2-ylmethyl-4-methyl-3-oxo-4-aza-5\u03b1-androst-1-en-17\u03b2-acetamide;
N-(1-pyridin-2-ylethyl)-4-methyl-3-oxo-4-aza-5\u03b1-androst-1-en-17\u03b2-acetamide;
N-(2,2,2-trifluoro-1-pyridin-2-ylethyl)-4-methyl-3-oxo-4-aza-5\u03b1-androst-1-en-17\u03b2-acetamide;
N-(3-hydroxy-methylpyridin-2-yl)methyl-4-methyl-3-oxo-4-aza-5\u03b1-androst-1-en-17\u03b2-acetamide;
N-{tert-butyl6-aminomethyl)pyridin-2-ylmethylcarbamate}-4-methyl-3-oxo-4-aza-5\u03b1-androst-1-en-17\u03b2-acetamide;
N-(3-fluoropyridin-2-yl)methyl-4-methyl-3-oxo-4-aza-5\u03b1-androst-1-en-17\u03b2-acetamide;
N-(4-tert-butylpyridin-2-yl)methyl-4-methyl-3-oxo-4-aza-5\u03b1-androst-1-en-17\u03b2-acetamide;
N-(3-chloropyridin-2-yl)methyl-4-methyl-3-oxo-4-aza-5\u03b1-androst-1-en-17\u03b2-acetamide;
N-(3-methylpyridin-2-yl)methyl-4-methyl-3-oxo-4-aza-5\u03b1-androst-1-en-17\u03b2-acetamide;
and pharmaceutically acceptable salts and stereoisomers thereof.
11. A compound according to claim 10, selected from:
N-(3-fluoropyridin-2-yl)methyl-20-fluoro-4-methyl-3-oxo-4-aza-5\u03b1-androst-1-en-17\u03b2-acetamide;
and pharmaceutically acceptable salts and stereoisomers thereof.
12. A compound according to claim 10, selected from:
N-(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)-4-methyl-3-oxo-aza-5\u03b1-androst-1-en-17\u03b2-acetamide;
N-(pyridin-3-ylmethyl)-4-methyl-3-oxo-4-aza-5\u03b1-androst-1-en-17\u03b2-acetamide;
N-(pyridin-4-ylmethyl)-4-methyl-3-oxo-4-aza-5\u03b1-androst-1-en-17\u03b2-acetamide;
N-(6-methylpyridin-2-yl)methyl-4-methyl-3-oxo-4-aza-5\u03b1-androst-1-en-17\u03b2-acetamide;
N-(1-oxidopyridin-2-yl)methyl-4-methyl-3-oxo-4-aza-5\u03b1-androst-1-en-17\u03b2-acetamide;
N-3-methylthio)pyridin-2-ylmethyl-4-methyl-3-oxo-4-aza-5\u03b1-androst-1-en-17\u03b2-acetamide;
N-{6-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-3-ylmethyl}methyl-3-oxo-4-aza-5\u03b1-androst-1-en-17\u03b2-acetamide;
N-N-methyl(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)-4-methyl-3-oxo-4-aza-5\u03b1-androst-1-en-17\u03b2-acetamide;
N-(1-pyridin-2-ylethyl)-4-methyl-3-oxo-4-aza-5\u03b1-androst-1-en-17\u03b2-acetamide;
N-(2,2,2-trifluoro-1-pyridin-2-ylethyl)-4-methyl-3-oxo-4-aza-5\u03b1-androst-1-en-17\u03b2-acetamide;
N-(3-hydroxy-6-methylpyridin-2-yl)methyl)-4-methyl-3-oxo-4-aza-5\u03b1-androst-1-en-17\u03b2-acetamide;
N-{tert-butyl6-aminomethyl)pyridin-2-ylmethylcarbamate}-4-methyl-3-oxo-4-aza-5\u03b1-androst-1-en-17\u03b2-acetamide;
N-(3-fluoropyridin-2-yl)methyl-4-methyl-3-oxo-4-aza-5\u03b1-androst-1-en-17\u03b2-acetamide;
N-(4-tert-butylpyridin-2-yl)methyl-4-methyl-3-oxo-4-aza-5\u03b1-androst-1-en-17\u03b2-acetamide;
N-(3-chloropyridin-2-yl)methyl-4-methyl-3-oxo-4-aza-5\u03b1-androst-1-en-17\u03b2-acetamide;
N-(3-methylpyridin-2-yl)methylmethyl-3-oxo-4-aza-5\u03b1-androst-1-en-17\u03b2-acetamide;
N-(3-fluoropyridin-2-yl)methyl-20-fluoro-4-methyl-3-oxo-4-aza-5\u03b1-androst-1-en-17\u03b2-acetamide;
and pharmaceutically acceptable salts and stereoisomers thereof.
13. A compound according to claim 12 selected from:
N-(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)-4-methyl-3-oxo-4-aza-5\u03b1-androst-1-en-17\u03b2-acetamide;
N-(pyridin-3-ylmethyl)-4-methyl-3-oxo-4-aza-5\u03b1-androst-1-en-17\u03b2-acetamide;
N-(pyridin-4-ylmethyl)-4-methyl-3-oxo-4-aza-5\u03b1-androst-1-en-17\u03b2-acetamide;
N-(6-methylpyridin-2-yl)methyl-4-methyl-3-oxo-4-aza-5\u03b1-androst-1-en-17\u03b2-acetamide;
N-(1-oxidopyridin-2-yl)methyl-4-methyl-3-oxo-4-aza-5\u03b1-androst-1-en-17\u03b2-acetamide;
N-3-methylthio)pyridin-2-ylmethyl-4-methyl-3-oxo-4-aza-5\u03b1-androst-1-en-17\u03b2-acetamide;
N-{6-trifluoromethyl)pyridin-3-ylmethyl)}-4-methyl-3-oxo-4-aza-5\u03b1-androst-1-en-17\u03b2-acetamide;
N-N-methyl(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)-4-methyl-3-oxo-4-aza-5\u03b1-androst-1-en-17\u03b2-acetamide;
N-(1-pyridin-2-ylethyl)-4-methyl-3-oxo-4-aza-5\u03b1-androst-1-en-17\u03b2-acetamide;
N-(2,2,2-trifluoro-1-pyridin-2-ylethyl)-4-methyl-3-oxo-4-aza-5\u03b1-androst-1-en-17\u03b2-acetamide;
N-(3-hydroxy-6-methylpyridin-2-yl)methyl-4-methyl-3-oxo-4-aza-5\u03b1-androst-1-en-17\u03b2-acetamide;
N-{tert-butyl6-aminomethyl)pyridin-2-ylmethylcarbamate}methyl-3-oxo-4-aza-5\u03b1-androst-1-en-17\u03b2-acetamide;
N-(3-fluoropyridin-2-yl)methyl-4-methyl-3-oxo-4-aza-5\u03b1-androst-1-en-17\u03b2-acetamide;
N-(4-tert-butylpyridin-2-yl)methyl-4-methyl-3-oxo-4-aza-5\u03b1-androst-1-en-17\u03b2-acetamide;
N-(3-chloropyridin-2-yl)methyl-4-methyl-3-oxo-4-aza-5\u03b1-androst-1-en-17\u03b2-acetamide;
N-(3-methylpyridin-2-yl)methylmethyl-3-oxo-4-aza-5\u03b1-androst-1-en-17\u03b2-acetamide;
N-(3-fluoropyridin-2-yl)methyl-20-fluoro-4-methyl-3-oxo-4-aza-5\u03b1-androst-1-en-17\u03b2-acetamide;
and pharmaceutically acceptable salts and stereoisomers thereof.
14. A pharmaceutical composition comprising a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of claim 1 and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
15. A process for making a pharmaceutical composition comprising combining a compound according to claim 1 and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
16. A compound which is N-(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)-4-methyl-3-oxo-4-aza-5\u03b1-androst-1-en-17\u03b2-acetamide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or stereoisomer thereof.
17. A pharmaceutical composition according to claim 16 comprising a compound which is N-(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)-4-methyl-3 -oxo-4-aza-5\u03b1-androst-1-en-17\u03b2-acetamide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or stereoisomer thereof and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.

1. A method for adjusting a modulation transfer function comprising:
color correcting a source picture content based upon a reference display; and
simulating the reference display by applying a compensated modulation transfer function (MTF) to the color corrected picture content for a display with different MTF characteristics than the reference display.
2. The method of claim 1, further comprising determining MTF settings for a plurality of display types using a single master for the color corrected picture content.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein applying the compensated MTF includes applying an inverse function of an MTF specification for simulating the reference display.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein simulating includes using multiple reference display and comparing images of the multiple reference displays to derive an MTF specification for simulating a display with different MTF behavior.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the multiple reference displays include a split screen image.
6. The method of claim 1, further comprising generating multiple master copies for the color corrected picture content.
7. The method of claim 6, wherein the multiple master copies for the color corrected picture content include one master generated by the color correcting step and one master generated by the simulating step.
8. The method of claim 1, wherein simulating includes generating metadata based upon color correction settings, the metadata being transmitted to an MTF simulator for content consumers such that the MTF simulator reconstructs MTF characteristics for a given display device.
9. The method of claim 1, further comprising performing a subsequent color correction process where the subsequent color correction process is preceded by a previous color correction process, the previous color correction process providing color corrected picture content for a display with MTF characteristics similar to an additional reference display, and the subsequent color correction process employing the MTF simulation module to provide color corrected picture content for a display with MTF characteristics different than the reference display.
10. The method of claim 9, further comprising color transforming simulation metadata from the step of simulating and color change metadata from the subsequent color correction to manipulate content for a display with different MTF characteristics than the reference display.
11. The method of claim 10, further comprising manipulating an output from the previous color correction process to provide a signal for display.
12. A system for adjusting a modulation transfer function comprising:
a color correction unit configured to adjust source picture content based upon a reference display to output color corrected picture content; and
a compensation unit configured to receive the color corrected picture content and transform the color corrected picture content for a display with modulation transfer function (MTF) characteristics that are different than the reference display.
13. The system of claim 12, further comprising simulation unit coupled to the color correction unit to store color correction metadata used to transform the color corrected picture content by the compensation unit.
14. A system for adjusting a modulation transfer function comprising:
a color correction unit configured to adjust source picture content based upon a reference display to output color corrected picture content; and
a simulation unit configured to receive the color corrected picture content and simulate the reference display using the color corrected picture content for a display with modulation frequency function (MTF) characteristics different than the reference display.
15. The system of claim 14, wherein the simulation unit outputs color corrected picture content to a display with MTF characteristics that are the same as the reference display.
16. The system of claim 14, wherein the simulation unit outputs color corrected picture content to a display with MTF characteristics that are different than the reference display.
17. The system of claim 14, further comprising an additional reference display wherein the reference display and the additional reference display are used to determine MTF settings that are acceptable for both the reference display and the additional reference display.
18. The system of claim 17, wherein the reference display and the additional reference display comprise a single display device having a split screen image.
19. The system of claim 14, wherein the simulation module provides metadata based upon color correction settings, the metadata being transmitted to a simulator for content consumers such that the simulator reconstructs MTF characteristics for a given display device.
20. The system of claim 14, wherein the color correction process unit performs an initial color correction process and a subsequent color correction is subsequently provided, the initial color correction process providing color corrected picture content for a display with MTF characteristics the same as an additional reference display, and the subsequent color correction process employing the simulation unit to provide color corrected picture content for a display with MTF characteristics different than the reference display.
21. The system of claim 20, further comprising a color transform module configured to receive simulation metadata from the simulator unit and color change metadata from the subsequent color correction to manipulate content for a display with different MTF characteristics than the reference display.
22. The system as recited in claim 21, wherein the color transform unit manipulates an output from the previous color correction process to provide a signal for display.
23. The system of claim 21, wherein the color transform unit receives as input a spatial transform specification, and a color transform specification and outputs a color transform to adjust a display image.
24. The system of claim 23, wherein the spatial transform specification includes inverted MTF simulation information, and the spatial transform specification, and the color transform specification include transform coefficients for adjusting frequency bands.
25. The system of claim 24, wherein the coefficients are stored in look up tables.

The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.

1. A card device for enabling use of an account, the card device comprising:
one or more mediums on which a plurality of alphanumeric values are held for use in enabling a user of the card device to be authorized to use the account, the plurality of alphanumeric values including (i) a static data set, and (ii) a security code having a value that is time-varying; and
logic for determining the value of the security code based at least in part one of a timing parameter or an event parameter, wherein the logic determines the value of the security code in a manner that is acceptable to an authorizing agent.
2. The card device of claim 1, further comprising a display component to display at least some of the plurality of alphanumeric values, including the security code value.
3. The card device of claim 1, further comprising a processor on which the logic for determining the value of the security code is provided.
4. The card device of claim 1, wherein at least some of the static data set is held on the card device as a physical imprint andor a raised formation.
5. The card device of claim 4, wherein at least some of the static data set is held on the card device on a medium that is readable by a computer.
6. The card device of claim 1, wherein at least some of the alphanumeric values enable the card to be used as either a credit card or as a debit card.
7. The card device of claim 1, wherein one or more mediums include one or more of (i) a print medium, (ii) a raised imprint medium, and (iii) a magnetic stripe.
8. The card device of claim 7, wherein the one or more mediums include a picture of the user and identification information of the user.
9. The card device of claim 1, wherein the logic is configured to determine the value of the security parameter based at least in part on an algorithm that is known or available to the authorizing agent.
10. The card device of claim 9, wherein the logic is configured to determine the value of the security parameter based at least in part on one or more seed parameters that are used by the algorithm.
11. The card device of claim 10, wherein the logic is configured to determine the value of the security parameter based at least in part on one or more of a timing parameter or an event parameter.
12. The card device of claim 10, wherein the event parameter may be based on one or more of (i) an occurrence of a use of the card device, (ii) an authorization for funds of a particular amount in a given use of the card, or (iii) an authorization for funds of a particular amount in an aggregate of uses of the card.
13. The card device of claim 1, wherein the static data set includes one or more of (i) a numeric identifier of the account, (ii) a name of an authorized use of the account, or (iii) an expiration date of the account.
14. The card device of claim 1, wherein the logic is provided by a processor that executes a set of instructions.
15. The card device of claim 14, wherein the processor is a flattened microprocessor.
16. The card device of claim 14, further comprising a display coupled to the processor, wherein the display displays the value of the security code as the value varies over time.
17. The card device of claim 14, further comprising a clock signal generator coupled to the processor, wherein the clock signal generator generates a time signal for providing the timing parameter to the logic.
18. The card device of claim 1, further comprising an interface coupled to the processor, wherein the interface is configured to (i) detect one or more designated events, (ii) generate a signal that communicates an occurrence of one of the one or more designated events as the event parameter to the processor.
19. The card device of claim 1, wherein the card is a standardized financial card.
20. A standardized financial card device comprising:
one or more mediums on which a plurality of alphanumeric values are held for use in enabling a user of the card device to be authorized to use the account, the plurality of alphanumeric values including (i) a static data set, and (ii) a security code having a value that is time-varying;
a processor configured to determine the value of the security code based at least in part one of a timing parameter or an event parameter, wherein the logic determines the value of the security code in a manner that is acceptable to an authorizing agent; and
a display surface that communicates with the processor to display the value of the security code at a given instance.