All The Claims

I claim:

1. An archery arrow shaft gripper and puller comprising
a left handle and a right handle each having a hinged end and an open end, said hinged end of said left handle hinged by a connecting means to said hinged end of said right handle, said left handle and said right handle face each other,
said left handle having a gripping pad mounted to said left handle near said hinged end of said left handle,
said right handle having a gripping pad mounted to said right handle near said hinged end of said right handle,
said gripping pads mounted facing each other in a cooperating relationship when said handles are swung towards one another.
2. An archery arrow shaft gripper and puller according to claim 1 wherein said connecting means comprises
a left horizontal receiving slot in said hinged end of said left handle, a left vertical pin bore in said left handle intersecting said left horizontal receiving slot,
a right horizontal receiving slot in said hinged end of said right handle, a right vertical pin bore in said right handle intersecting said right horizontal receiving slot,
a horizontal linking bridge having a first vertical bridge bore at a first end of said bridge and a second vertical bridge bore at a second end of said bridge,
said first end of said bridge is slidingly received into said left horizontal receiving slot, said first vertical bridge bore coaxially aligned with said left vertical pin bore, said bridge is retained in said left horizontal receiving slot by a fulcrum pin closely fitted and retained in said left vertical pin bore and said fulcrum pin slidingly received through said first vertical bridge bore,
said second end of said bridge is slidingly received into said right horizontal receiving slot, said second vertical bridge bore coaxially aligned with said right vertical pin bore, said bridge is retained in said right horizontal receiving slot by a right retaining pin closely fitted and retained in said right vertical pin bore and said right retaining pin slidingly received through said second vertical bridge bore.
3. An archery arrow shaft gripper and puller according to claim 2 wherein said fulcrum pin having an extending fulcrum shaft extending out and down from said left vertical pin bore, and said fulcrum shaft having a fulcrum base at its end away from said left handle.
4. An archery arrow shaft gripper and puller according to claim 3 wherein said fulcrum base is coated with a low friction material.
5. An archery arrow shaft gripper and puller according to claim 4 wherein said low friction material is polytetrafluoroethylene.
6. An archery arrow shaft gripper and puller according to claim 1 wherein said connecting means comprises
a left horizontal receiving slot in said hinged end of said left handle, a left vertical pin bore in said left handle intersecting said left horizontal receiving slot,
a right horizontal receiving slot in said hinged end of said right handle, a right vertical pin bore in said right handle intersecting said right horizontal receiving slot,
a horizontal linking bridge having a first vertical bridge bore at a first end of said bridge and a second vertical bridge bore at a second end of said bridge,
said first end of said bridge is slidingly received into said left horizontal receiving slot, said first vertical bridge bore coaxially aligned with said left vertical pin bore, said bridge is retained in said left horizontal receiving slot by a left retaining pin closely fitted and retained in said left vertical pin bore and said left retaining pin slidingly received through said first vertical bridge bore,
said second end of said bridge is slidingly received into said right horizontal receiving slot, said second vertical bridge bore coaxially aligned with said right vertical pin bore, said bridge is retained in said right horizontal receiving slot by a right retaining pin closely fitted and retained in said right vertical pin bore and said right retaining pin slidingly received through said second vertical bridge bore.
7. An archery arrow shaft gripper and puller according to claim 6 further comprising an alternative extending fulcrum shaft, said alternative extending fulcrum shaft mounted to a lower side of said left handle near its gripping pad and located along said left handle between said gripping pad and said open end of said left handle, said alternative extending fulcrum shaft having a fulcrum base at its end away from said left handle.
8. An archery arrow shaft gripper and puller according to claim 7 further comprising a second extending fulcrum shaft, said second extending fulcrum shaft mounted to a lower side of said right handle near its gripping pad and located along said right handle between said gripping pad and said open end of said right handle, said second extending fulcrum shaft having a fulcrum base at its end away from said right handle.
9. An archery arrow shaft gripper and puller according to claim 1 wherein said connecting means comprises
said left handle having two left hinge lugs at said hinged end of said left handle,
said right handle having at least one right hinge lug at said hinged end of said right handle,
said left hinge lugs having a left vertical pin bore through them transverse to the longitudinal axis of said left handle and sized to receive and retain a fulcrum pin,
said right hinge lug having a right vertical pin bore through it transverse to the longitudinal axis of said right handle and sized to slidingly receive through it said fulcrum pin,
said right hinge lug interlaced between said left hinge lugs, said pin bores aligned coaxially, and said fulcrum pin inserted into said bores from below,
said fulcrum pin having an extending fulcrum shaft extending out and down from said left vertical pin bore,
said fulcrum shaft having a fulcrum base at its end away from said left handle.
10. An archery arrow shaft gripper and puller according to claim 1 wherein said connecting means comprises
said left handle having two left hinge lugs at said hinged end of said left handle,
said right handle having at least one right hinge lug at said hinged end of said right handle,
said left hinge lugs having a left vertical pin bore through them transverse to the longitudinal axis of said left handle and sized to receive and retain a left retaining pin,
said right hinge lug having a right vertical pin bore through it transverse to the longitudinal axis of said right handle and sized to slidingly receive through it said left retaining pin,
said right hinge lug interlaced between said left hinge lugs, said pin bores aligned coaxially, and said left retaining pin inserted into said bores from below.
11. An archery arrow shaft gripper and puller according to claim 10 further comprising an alternative extending fulcrum shaft, said alternative extending fulcrum shaft mounted to a lower side of said left handle near its gripping pad and located along said left handle between said gripping pad and said open end of said left handle, said alternative extending fulcrum shaft having a fulcrum base at its end away from said left handle.
12. An archery arrow shaft gripper and puller according to claim 11 further comprising a second extending fulcrum shaft, said second extending fulcrum shaft mounted to a lower side of said right handle near its gripping pad and located along said right handle between said gripping pad and said open end of said right handle, said second extending fulcrum shaft having a fulcrum base at its end away from said right handle.

The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.

1. A method of recovering a platinum group element in copper-iron scrap characterized by
melting copper-iron scrap containing a platinum group element to form a melt,
forming the melt into two liquid phases which are a molten copper phase containing at least one rare metal selected from the group consisting of Nd, Pr, and Dy and a molten iron phase having a carbon concentration of at least 1 mass %, wherein the carbon contained in the molten iron phase is derived from a carbon source contained in the melt,
separating the two liquid phases and recovering the molten copper phase, and
separating and recovering a platinum group element dissolved in the molten copper phase from the molten copper phase.
2. A method as set forth in claim 1 wherein the molten copper phase containing the rare metal is formed by using scrap containing the rare metal as the copper-iron scrap.
3. A method as set forth in claim 1 wherein the molten copper phase containing the rare metal is formed by adding a member containing the rare metal to the melt.
4. A method as set forth in claim 1 wherein the total concentration of the rare metal contained in the molten copper phase is at least 1 mass %.
5. A method as set forth in claim 1, wherein
the melt contains at least one distribution promoting element selected from the group consisting of Sc, Li, Ca, Mg, Y, La, K, Sr, Th, Ga, Ba, Na, and Rb, andor at least one distribution inhibiting element selected from the group consisting of Ti, Zr, Hf, Nb, V, U, and Ta, and
the two liquid phases which are the molten copper phase and the molten iron phase and into which the melt is separated satisfy the following Equation (i):
2.2Sc+1.7Li+1.4Ca+1.2Mg+1.2Y+Nd+Pr+0.87Dy+0.79La+0.78K+0.74Sr+0.61Th+0.52Ga+0.51Ga+0.50Na+0.45Rb+0.36Pu+0.35Cs+0.24Sn+0.231n+0.23Zn\u2212(1.2Ti+1.2Zr+0.51Hf+0.49Nb+0.29V+0.29U+0.25Ta)>1.0 mass %\u2003\u2003(i)
wherein, the symbol for each element in Equation (i) indicates the mass concentration (units of mass percent) of the corresponding element in the molten copper phase with respect to the mass of the molten copper phase in the case of the distribution promoting metals and the rare metals and indicates the mass concentration (units of mass percent) of the corresponding element in the molten iron phase in the case of the distribution inhibiting metals with respect to the mass of the molten iron phase.

1. A method for managing vapors generated by a first and second reservoir onboard a vehicle traveling on the road, the method comprising:
inducting vapors from the first and second reservoirs during engine operation;
reducing flow of vapors from the first reservoir to the second reservoir and from the second reservoir to the first reservoir, wherein said reducing includes restricting said flow of vapors from the first reservoir to the second reservoir and from the second reservoir to the first reservoir to prevent fuel vapors with different alcohol amounts from mixing; and
where the first reservoir contains ethanol.
2. The method of claim 1 wherein said first reservoir is coupled to a direct fuel injector.
3. The method of claim 1 wherein said second reservoir is coupled to a port fuel injector, said second reservoir containing gasoline.
4. The method of claim 1 wherein said first reservoir is coupled to a direct fuel injector, said first reservoir containing an alcohol; and wherein said second reservoir is coupled to a port fuel injector, said second reservoir containing gasoline.
5. The method of claim 1 wherein a check valve reduces flow of vapor from the first reservoir to the second reservoir.
6. The method of claim 1 wherein a canister reduces flow of vapor from the first reservoir to the second reservoir.
7. The method of claim 1 further comprising adjusting a valve coupled to the engine intake manifold to vary an amount of vapors from both reservoirs to the engine intake manifold.
8. The system of claim 1, wherein said first fuel reservoir has a smaller volume than said second fuel reservoir; and wherein said first vapor conduit is a smaller size than said second vapor conduit.
9. The system of claim 1, wherein said first fuel reservoir is coupled to a first direct injector of a cylinder of the engine; wherein said second fuel reservoir is coupled to one of a port injector and a second direct injector of the cylinder; wherein said first fuel includes an alcohol and said second fuel includes gasoline; and wherein said engine includes a boosting device.
10. The system of claim 1, further comprising a second one-way check valve disposed intermediate said second vapor conduit.
11. The system of claim 1, wherein said first canister is coupled to said first vapor conduit; and further comprising a second canister coupled to said second vapor conduit, wherein said second canister has a different characteristic than said first canister.
12. A system for an engine of a vehicle traveling on the road, comprising:
a first fuel reservoir configured to store a first fuel, said first fuel reservoir having a first vapor conduit configured to transport purge vapor from the first fuel reservoir;
a second fuel reservoir configured to store a second fuel different from said first fuel, said second fuel reservoir having a second vapor conduit configured to transport purge vapor from the second fuel reservoir;
a first one-way check valve disposed intermediate said first vapor conduit;
a first canister coupled to one of said first vapor conduit and said second vapor conduit;
a boosting device coupled to the engine; and
a first fuel vapor purge valve coupled to an intake manifold of the engine configured to vary an amount of purge vapors inducted into the intake manifold from one of said first fuel reservoir and said second fuel reservoir in response to operating conditions;
wherein said first one-way check valve is configured to permit purge vapor to flow from the first fuel reservoir and to restrict the flow of purge vapor into the first reservoir from the second reservoir, and wherein the first fuel includes one of an alcohol and gasoline; and wherein the second fuel includes another of said alcohol and gasoline.
13. The system of claim 12, wherein said first fuel vapor purge valve varies the amount of purge vapors inducted into the intake manifold from said first fuel reservoir; and further comprising a second fuel vapor purge valve coupled to the intake manifold of the engine configured to vary an amount of purge vapors inducted into the intake manifold in response to operating conditions from said second fuel reservoir.
14. A method for managing vapors generated by a first and second reservoir onboard a vehicle traveling on the road, the method comprising:
inducting vapors from the first and second reservoirs during engine operation;
reducing flow of vapors from the first reservoir to the second reservoir and from the second reservoir to the first reservoir, wherein said reducing includes restricting said flow of vapors from the first reservoir to the second reservoir and from the second reservoir to the first reservoir to prevent fuel vapors with different alcohol amounts from mixing; and
wherein said first reservoir is coupled to a direct fuel injector, said first reservoir containing an alcohol.
15. The method of claim 14 wherein said second reservoir is coupled to a port fuel injector, said second reservoir containing gasoline.
16. The method of claim 14 wherein a check valve reduces flow of vapor from the first reservoir to the second reservoir.
17. The method of claim 14 wherein a canister reduces flow of vapor from the first reservoir to the second reservoir.
18. The method of claim 14 further comprising adjusting a valve coupled to the engine intake manifold to vary an amount of vapors from both reservoirs to the engine intake manifold.
19. The method of claim 14 where said first reservoir contains ethanol.

The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.

What is claimed is:

1. A method of encoding an input bit stream into a stream of output code words according to variable-length encoding rules using a variable constraint length, wherein a maximum value N of the constraint length is equal to or greater than 2, and the output-code-word stream observes prescribed run length limiting rules RLL (d, k), d and k denoting a predetermined minimum run length and a predetermined maximum run length respectively, the method comprising the steps of:
preparing M encoding tables in accordance with the variable-length encoding rules, M denoting a predetermined natural number equal to or greater than 2;
periodically inserting a DSV control bit into a first input bit stream at intervals each corresponding to a prescribed number of successive bits in the first input bit stream to change the first input bit stream into a second input bit stream;
encoding every m-bit piece of the second input bit stream into an n-bit output signal forming at least a portion of an output code word by referring to the M encoding tables, thereby converting the second input bit stream into a first output bit stream composed of output code words and observing the prescribed run length limiting rules RLL (d, k), m and n denoting predetermined natural numbers respectively;
inserting a sync word of a predetermined bit pattern into the first output bit stream for every frame to change the first output bit stream into a second output bit stream;
terminating a frame-end output code word at a position before a next-frame sync word; and
implementing DSV control of the second output bit stream in response to the inserted DSV control bits.
2. A method as recited in claim 1, wherein the M encoding tables register input bit patterns corresponding to the m-bit piece of the second input bit stream, n-bit output signals assigned to the input bit patterns respectively, and next-table selection numbers accompanying the n-bit output signals respectively and each designating one among the M encoding tables which will be used next; wherein the encoding step comprises encoding every m-bit piece of the second input bit stream into an n-bit output signal by referring to one of the M encoding tables which is designated by a current-table selection number being a next-table selection number provided by preceding encoding, and reading a next-table selection number accompanying the n-bit output signal from the designated one of the M encoding tables; and wherein the enabling step comprises using a termination table which registers at least one input bit pattern corresponding to the m-bit piece of the second input bit stream, at least one n-bit output signal assigned to the input bit pattern, and at least one next-table selection number accompanying the n-bit output signal and designating one among the M encoding tables which will be used next.
3. A method as recited in claim 1, wherein the numbers d and k are equal to 1 and 7, respectively.
4. An apparatus for encoding an input bit stream into a stream of output code words according to variable-length encoding rules using a variable constraint length, wherein a maximum value N of the constraint length is equal to or greater than 2, and the output-code-word stream observes prescribed run length limiting rules RLL (d, k), d and k denoting a predetermined minimum run length and a predetermined maximum run length respectively, the apparatus comprising:
M encoding tables accorded with the variable-length encoding rules, M denoting a predetermined natural number equal to or greater than 2, the M encoding tables registering input bit patterns corresponding to an m-bit piece of an input bit stream, n-bit output signals assigned to the input bit patterns respectively, and next-table selection numbers accompanying the n-bit output signals respectively and each designating one among the M encoding tables which will be used next;
means for periodically inserting a DSV control bit into a first input bit stream at intervals each corresponding to a prescribed number of successive bits in the first input bit stream to change the first input bit stream into a second input bit stream;
means for encoding every m-bit piece of the second input bit stream into an n-bit output signal forming at least a portion of an output code word by referring to one of the M encoding tables which is designated by a current-table selection number being a next-table selection number provided by preceding encoding, and reading a next-table selection number accompanying the n-bit output signal from the designated one of the M encoding tables, thereby converting the second input bit stream into a first output bit stream composed of output code words and observing the prescribed run length limiting rules RLL (d, k), m and n denoting predetermined natural numbers respectively;
means for inserting a sync word of a predetermined bit pattern into the first output bit stream for every frame to change the first output bit stream into a second output bit stream;
means for terminating a frame-end output code word at a position before a next-frame sync word; and
means for implementing DSV control of the second output bit stream in response to the inserted DSV control bits.
5. An apparatus as recited in claim 4, wherein the numbers d and k are equal to 1 and 7, respectively.
6. A recording medium storing a second output bit stream generated from a first input bit stream by the method of claim 1.
7. A method as recited in claim 2, wherein the numbers d and k are equal to 1 and 7, respectively.
8. A recording medium storing a second output bit stream generated from a first input bit stream by the method of claim 2.