All The Claims

What is claimed is:

1. A teleost embryo comprising a polynucleotide analogue, wherein said embryo is of a teleost species that undergoes meroblastic cleavage, and wherein said analogue is present in an amount effective to reduce expression from a selected nucleic acid in said embryo.
2. The embryo of claim 1, wherein said embryo is selected from the group consisting of a zebrafish embryo, a puffer fish embryo, a medaka embryo, and a stickleback embryo.
3. The embryo of claim 2, wherein said embryo is a zebrafish embryo.
4. The embryo of claim 1, wherein said selected nucleic acid is an mRNA.
5. The embryo of claim 4, wherein said analogue is complementary to a region of said mRNA that comprises the 5 untranslated region of said mRNA.
6. The embryo of claim 4, wherein said analogue is complementary to a region of said mRNA that comprises part of or the entire AUG start codon of said mRNA.
7. The embryo of claim 4, wherein said analogue is complementary to a region of said mRNA that comprises the coding region of said mRNA.
8. The embryo of claim 1, wherein said analogue is 9 to 90 bases in length.
9. The embryo of claim 1, wherein said analogue is 15 to 50 bases in length.
10. The embryo of claim 1, wherein said analogue is 20 to 30 bases in length.
11. The embryo of claim 1, wherein said analogue is a morpholino-modified polynucleotide.
12. The embryo of claim 1, wherein said analogue is a 3-5 phosphoroamidate.
13. The embryo of claim 1, wherein said analogue is a peptide nucleic acid.
14. The embryo of claim 1, wherein said analogue is a polynucleotide containing a ribose moiety that has a 2 O-methyl group.
15. The embryo of claim 1, wherein at least 15% of the nucleotides in said analogue are not complementary to the corresponding nucleotides in said selected nucleic acid.
16. The embryo of claim 1, wherein said analogue is complementary to a nucleic acid of said embryo, said nucleic acid having a coding sequence that has a homologue or orthologue in another species.
17. The embryo of claim 1, wherein reduction in expression from said nucleic acid persists to larval or post-hatching stages of development.
18. The embryo of claim 1, wherein said embryo further comprises an exogeneous rescue mRNA that encodes a polypeptide whose expression is reduced by said polynucleotide analogue, wherein said rescue mRNA is present in an amount sufficient for expression of said polypeptide at a level comparable to that in embryos free of said analogue.
19. The embryo of claim 1, further comprising at least one additional polynucleotide analogue, wherein said embryo is of a teleost species that undergoes meroblastic cleavage, wherein said polynucleotide analogues are complementary to different regions of said selected nucleic acid, and wherein said analogues are present in amounts effective to reduce expression from said selected nucleic acid.
20. The embryo of claim 1, further comprising at least one additional polynucleotide analogue, wherein said embryo is of a teleost species that undergoes meroblastic cleavage, wherein said polynucleotide analogues are complementary to different nucleic acids, and wherein said analogues are present in amounts effective to reduce expression from said different nucleic acids.
21. A method for producing a teleost embryo comprising a polynucleotide analogue, wherein said teleost embryo is of a species that undergoes meroblastic cleavage, and wherein said analogue is present in an amount effective to reduce expression from a selected nucleic acid in said embryo, said method comprising contacting said embryo, or an egg giving rise to said embryo, with said polynucleotide analogue.
22. The method of claim 21, wherein said step of contacting comprises injecting said analogue into said embryo or egg giving rise to said embryo, or adding said analogue to the surface of said embryo or egg giving rise to said embryo.
23. The method of claim 21, wherein said embryo or egg giving rise to said embryo is selected from the group consisting of a zebrafish embryo or egg giving rise to said zebrafish embryo, a puffer fish embryo or egg giving rise to said puffer fish embryo, a medaka embryo or egg giving rise to said medaka embryo, and a stickleback embryo or egg giving rise to said stickleback embryo.
24. A composition comprising a morpholino-modified polynucleotide and a buffer having a pH similar to the pH within a teleost egg or embryo, wherein said morpholino-modified polynucleotide is complementary to a selected nucleic acid.
25. The composition of claim 24, wherein said buffer is isotonic to said teleost egg or embryo.
26. The composition of claim 24, wherein said buffer is Danieau buffer.
27. The composition of claim 24, wherein said teleost egg or embryo is of a species that undergoes meroblastic cleavage.
28. The composition of claim 24, wherein said teleost egg or embryo is selected from the group consisting of a zebrafish egg or embryo, a puffer fish egg or embryo, a medaka egg or embryo, and a stickleback egg or embryo.
29. The composition of claim 24, wherein said teleost egg or embryo is a zebrafish egg or embryo.
30. The composition of claim 24, further comprising a rescue mRNA, wherein said rescue mRNA encodes a polypeptide whose expression is reduced by said morpholino-modified analogue.
31. The composition of claim 24, further comprising at least one additional polynucleotide analogue, wherein said polynucleotide analogues are complementary to different regions of said selected nucleic acid.
32. A method for determining a phenotype associated with a selected nucleic acid in a teleost embryo or egg giving rise to said embryo, wherein said embryo or egg is of a teleost species that undergoes meroblastic cleavage, said method comprising:
(a) contacting said teleost embryo or egg giving rise to said embryo with a morpholino-modified polynucleotide analogue that targets said selected nucleic acid; and
(b) detecting an altered phenotype in said teleost embryo or egg, or embryo developing from said egg, wherein said altered phenotype is associated with reduced expression or altered function of said selected nucleic acid.
33. The method of claim 32, wherein said selected nucleic acid is a maternal or zygotic nucleic acid.
34. The method of claim 32, wherein said altered phenotype is observed from fertilization, through organogenesis, to the completion of embryogenesis.
35. The method of claim 32, said method further comprising contacting said embryo or egg giving rise to said embryo with a rescue mRNA, wherein said rescue mRNA encodes a polypeptide whose expression is reduced by said analogue, and wherein said rescue mRNA is present in an amount sufficient for expression of said polypeptide at a level comparable to that of a teleost embryo, or egg giving rise to said embryo, that is free of said analogue.
36. A method for determining if a phenotype mediated by a polynucleotide analogue in a teleost organism is sequence-specific, said method comprising:
a) contacting a first teleost embryo or teleost egg with said polynucleotide analogue;
b) assessing the phenotype of said first teleost embryo or egg, or a teleost embryo developing from said egg, subsequent to step (a);
c) contacting a second teleost embryo or teleost egg with (i) said polynucleotide analogue and (ii) a rescue mRNA molecule;
d) assessing the phenotype of said second teleost embryo or egg, or a teleost embryo developing from said egg, subsequent to step (c); and
e) comparing the results of (b) and (d), wherein a phenotype detected in (b) that is not detected in (d) indicates that said phenotype detected in (b) is sequence-specific.
37. A method of determining if first and second polypeptides are genetic interactors, said method comprising:
a) contacting a first teleost embryo or teleost egg with a first polynucleotide analogue that targets a nucleic acid encoding said first polypeptide, and assessing the phenotype of said teleost embryo or egg, or a teleost embryo developing from said egg;
b) contacting a second teleost embryo or egg giving rise to said embryo with a second polynucleotide analogue that targets a nucleic acid encoding said second polypeptide, and assessing the phenotype of said teleost embryo or egg, or a teleost embryo developing from said egg;
c) contacting a third teleost embryo or egg giving rise to said embryo with said first and second polynucletide analogues, and assessing the phenotype of said teleost embryo or egg, or a teleost embryo developing from said egg; and
d) comparing the results of (a), (b), and (c), wherein said two polypeptides are genetic interactors if the phenotype observed in (c) is different from the sum of the individual phenotypes observed in (a) and (b).
38. The method of claim 37, wherein said phenotype observed in (c) is more or less extensive than said sum of the individual phenotypes observed in (a) and (b).
39. A kit comprising a collection of different morpholino-modified polynucleotides, wherein said different morpholino-modified polynucleotides are effective to reduce expression from different nucleic acids, and wherein said different nucleic acids are involved in a common metabolic process.
40. A collection of morphants, wherein each morphant is generated by a different morpholino-modified polynucleotide selected from a collection of morpholino-modified polynucleotides effective to reduce expression from different nucleic acids, and wherein said different nucleic acids are involved in a common metabolic process.
41. A teleost morphant defective in development of a differentiated tissue.
42. The morphant of claim 41, wherein said differentiated tissue is pancreas.
43. The morphant of claim 41, wherein said differentiated tissue is vasculature tissue.
44. The morphant of claim 41, wherein said differentiated tissue is blood.
45. The morphant of claim 41, wherein said differentiated tissue is an eye.
46. The morphant of claim 41, wherein said differentiated tissue is the central neural system.
47. The morphant of claim 41, wherein said differentiated tissue is a muscle.
48. The morphant of claim 41, wherein said differentiated tissue is the backbone.
49. The morphant of claim 41, wherein said differentiated tissue is the head.
50. The morphant of claim 41, wherein said differentiated tissue is a limb.
51. The morphant of claim 41, wherein said differentiated tissue is a pigment cell.
52. A teleost morphant, wherein the morphant phenotype of said teleost morphant corresponds to a phenotype characteristic of a disease condition.
53. The morphant of claim 52, wherein said disease condition is selected from the group consisting of porphyria and cyclopia.
54. A method of identifying a nucleic acid associated with a disease condition, said method comprising:
a) generating a teleost morphant having a morphant phenotype that corresponds to said phenotype characteristic of said disease condition, and
b) identifying the nucleic acid target of the morpholino-modified polynucleotide in said teleost morphant, wherein said nucleic acid target of said morpholino-modified polynucleotide is the nucleic acid associated with said disease condition.
55. A method for assessing the effect of a drug on a morphant, said method comprising:
a) contacting said morphant with said drug, and
b) assessing the phenotype of said morphant subsequent to contact with said drug.
56. The method of claim 55, wherein said phenotype of said morphant is not altered subsequent to contact with said drug.
57. The method of claim 55, wherein said phenotype of said morphant is replaced by a less severe phenotype subsequent to contact with said drug.
58. The method of claim 55, wherein said phenotype of said morphant, subsequent to contact with said drug, is correlated with a change in the activity of a biomarker.
59. A method of reducing expression from a selected nucleic acid in an animal, said method comprising contacting said animal with at least two polynucleotide analogues that are complementary to different regions of said selected nucleic acid, and wherein said at least two polynucleotide analogues are more effective in reducing expression from said selected nucleic acid than either of said at least two polynucleotide analogues alone.
60. The method of claim 59, wherein said at least two polynucleotide analogues act synergistically to reduce expression from said selected nucleic acid.
61. The method of claim 60, wherein said at least two polynucleotide analogues reduce expression from said selected nucleic acid by a synergy factor of 3.
62. The method of claim 60, wherein said at least two polynucleotide analogues reduce expression from said selected nucleic acid by a synergy factor of 5.
63. The method of claim 60, wherein said at least two polynucleotide analogues reduce expression from said selected nucleic acid by a synergy factor of 10.
64. The method of claim 59, wherein said at least two polynucleotide analogues are morpholino-modified polynucleotides.
65. A composition comprising at least two different morpholino-modified polynucleotides and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, wherein said at least two morpholino-modified polynucleotides target the same selected nucleic acid.
66. The composition of claim 65, wherein said at least two different morpholino-modified polynucleotides are complementary to non-overlapping regions of said selected nucleic acid.
67. The composition of claim 66, wherein said non-overlapping regions are separated by more than 1 000 nucleotides.

The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.

1. A method of making colored glass in a float glass process, comprising the steps of:
melting glass batch materials in a furnace to form a glass melt;
transporting the glass melt into a float glass chamber having a flame spray device, the glass melt forming a float glass ribbon;
supplying one or more coating materials to the flame spray device to form a spray containing coating particles; and
directing the spray onto the float glass ribbon to diffuse the particles into the surface of the float glass ribbon to form a glass sheet of a desired color.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the desired color is created by mixing one or more colorants of oxide nanoparticles decomposed from one or more coating materials.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the coating material comprises iron oxide to replace selenium as a red colorant.
4. The method of claim 1, including varying the at least one coating material to vary the color of the glass sheet.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the glass substrate is glass with a green hue.
6. The method of claim 5, wherein the coating material comprises cobalt and iron and the glass sheet has a blue to neutral gray color.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein the glass substrate is an essentially colorless or clear glass.
8. The method of claim 7, wherein the coating material comprises iron and manganese and the glass sheet has a pinkish, reddish, purplish, or neutral gray color.
9. The method of claim 1, wherein the glass batch materials are essentially free of selenium.
10. The method of claim 1, including directing the spray onto the float glass at a location in the float chamber where the glass ribbon has a temperature in the range of 600\xb0 C. to 800\xb0 C.
11. The method of claim 10, wherein at least two coating materials are supplied to the flame spray device to form a spray containing mixed coating particles.
12. The method of claim 10, wherein the desired color is created by mixing one or more colorants of oxide nanoparticles decomposed from one or more coating materials.
13. The method of claim 10, wherein the coating material comprises iron oxide to replace selenium as a red colorant.
14. The method of claim 10, including varying the at least one coating material to vary the color of the glass sheet.
15. The method of claim 10, wherein the glass substrate is glass with a green hue.
16. The method of claim 15, wherein the coating material comprises cobalt and iron and the glass sheet has a blue to neutral gray color.
17. The method of claim 10, wherein the glass substrate is an essentially colorless or clear glass.
18. The method of claim 17, wherein the coating material comprises iron and manganese and the glass sheet has a pinkish, reddish, purplish, or neutral gray color.
19. The method of claim 10, including directing the spray onto the float glass at a location in the float chamber where the glass ribbon has a temperature in the range of 600\xb0 C. to 800\xb0 C.

1. A polymer finishing process comprising:
recovering a polymer powder from a polymerization reactor;
feeding the polymer powder to an inlet end of a mass flow screw conveyor, the mass flow screw conveyor comprising:
a housing;
at least one helical auger at least partially contained within the housing for conveying the polymer powder axially through the mass flow screw conveyor; and
one or more mass measuring devices for determining a mass of polymer powder within at least a portion of the housing;
rotating the at least one helical auger to convey the polymer powder axially through the screw conveyor;
recovering the polymer powder at an outlet end of the screw conveyor;
measuring at least one of a mass of the polymer powder in the screw conveyor and a combined mass of the screw conveyor and the polymer powder within the screw conveyor with the one or more mass measuring devices; and
determining a mass flow rate of the polymer powder through the mass flow screw conveyor based on the at least one of the measured mass of the polymer powder in the mass flow screw conveyor and the measured combined mass.
2. The process of claim 1, wherein the polymer powder comprises at least one of a polyethylene and a polypropylene polymer.
3. The process of claim 1, wherein the determining comprises:
determining an average mass of the polymer powder in the mass flow screw conveyor per unit length of the at least a portion of the housing using the measured mass of the polymer powder;
determining an axial displacement velocity of the polymer powder caused by the rotating of the at least one helical auger using a rotation speed thereof;
determining the mass flow rate of the polymer powder based on the average mass per unit length and the axial displacement velocity.
4. The process of claim 1, further comprising:
adjusting the mass flow rate by adjusting a rotation speed of the one or more helical augers in response to the determined mass flow rate of the polymer powder.
5. The process of claim 1, further comprising:
feeding at least one additive to the mass flow screw conveyor intermediate an inlet end and an outlet end of the mass flow screw conveyor;
measuring a mass of the polymer and the at least one additive within the outlet end of the mass flow screw conveyor using a second mass measuring device.
6. The process of claim 5, further comprising:
determining a mass flow rate of the at least one additive based upon the measured mass of the polymer and the at least one additive within the outlet end;
calculating a ratio of the mass flow rate of the polymer powder to the mass flow rate of the at least one additive based upon the determined mass flow rate of the polymer and the mass flow rate of the at least one additive;
adjusting at least one of a polymer powder feed rate to the mass flow screw conveyor, a rotation speed of the helical auger, and an additive feed rate to the mass flow screw conveyor based on the calculated ratio.
7. The process of claim 1, further comprising:
filling a surge hopper with the polymer powder;
stopping a flow of polymer powder to the surge hopper;
feeding the polymer powder from the surge hopper to the inlet end of the mass flow screw conveyor;
measuring a mass of the polymer powder in the surge hopper using at least one mass measuring device; and
determining a mass flow rate of polymer powder from the surge hopper to the mass flow screw conveyor as a function of the decrease in the measured mass in the surge hopper over time.
8. The process of claim 7, further comprising:
generating a calibration curve for the mass flow rate of polymer through the mass flow screw conveyor as a function of helical auger rotation speed based upon the determined mass flow rate of polymer powder from the surge hopper to the mass flow screw conveyor.
9. The process of claim 7, further comprising:
when a flow of polymer powder to the surge hopper is stopped, adjusting at least one of a polymer powder feed rate to the mass flow screw conveyor, a rotation speed of the helical auger, and an additive feed rate to the mass flow screw conveyor based on the determined a mass flow rate of polymer powder from the surge hopper to the mass flow screw conveyor; and
during the filling of the surge hopper with the polymer powder, adjusting at least one of a polymer powder feed rate to the mass flow screw conveyor, a rotation speed of the helical auger, and an additive feed rate to the mass flow screw conveyor based on the determined mass flow rate of the polymer powder through the mass flow screw conveyor.
10. A system for polymer finishing comprising:
at least one device for providing a flow of polymer powder to a surge hopper during a filling cycle and not providing a flow of polymer powder during an emptying cycle;
a flow line fluidly connecting the surge hopper to a mass flow screw conveyor, the mass flow screw conveyor comprising:
a housing;

at least one helical auger at least partially contained within the housing for conveying the polymer powder axially through the mass flow screw conveyor; and
one or more mass measuring devices for determining a mass of polymer powder within at least a portion of the housing;
at least one mass measuring device for determining a mass flow rate of polymer powder from the surge hopper to the mass flow screw conveyor;
at least one mass measuring device for determining a mass flow rate of the polymer powder through the mass flow screw conveyor;
at least one of a digital control system and a programmable logic controller for:
during an emptying cycle, adjusting at least one of a polymer powder feed rate to the mass flow screw conveyor, a rotation speed of the helical auger, and an additive feed rate to the mass flow screw conveyor based on the determined a mass flow rate of polymer powder from the surge hopper to the mass flow screw conveyor; and
during a filling cycle, adjusting at least one of a polymer powder feed rate to the mass flow screw conveyor, a rotation speed of the helical auger, and an additive feed rate to the mass flow screw conveyor based on the determined mass flow rate of the polymer powder through the mass flow screw conveyor.

The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.

1. A method for playing a wagering game having a special payout with a first payout and a second payout, the method comprising:
conducting a basic game having a randomly selected outcome;
presenting a side-wager option for a player to be eligible for the special payout; and
in response to the player selecting the option to be eligible for the special payout, crediting the player the first payout when a first randomly selected outcome occurs in the basic game and crediting the player the second payout when a second randomly selected outcome occurs in the basic game.
2. The method of claim 1, further comprising crediting the player a third payout when a third randomly selected outcome occurs in the basic game.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the special payout is a progressive payout.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the first payout is a bonus game.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the randomly selected outcome comprises a plurality of symbols.
6. The method of claim 5, wherein each of the plurality of symbols is a card from a deck of playing cards.
7. The method of claim 5, wherein the wagering game is a slot machine and each of the plurality of symbols is a reel symbol.
8. A method for playing a wagering game on a gaming terminal, the wagering game having a progressive payout with a first payout and a second payout, the method comprising:
conducting a basic game having a plurality of symbols that indicate a randomly selected outcome of the basic game;
presenting an option for a player to be eligible for the progressive payout; and
in response to the player selecting the option to be eligible for the progressive payout, awarding the first payout when a first randomly selected outcome is achieved in the basic game and awarding the second payout when a second randomly selected outcome is achieved in the basic game.
9. The method of claim 8, wherein the conducting step comprises choosing at least one of a plurality of paylines to play and choosing a wager amount for each of the plurality of paylines chosen.
10. The method of claim 9, wherein the presenting step only occurs if all of the plurality of paylines are chosen.
11. The method of claim 8, wherein the awarding step is performed by a controller in the gaming terminal.
12. A gaming system for playing a wagering game having a special payout with a first payout and a second payout, the gaming system comprising a gaming terminal for playing a basic game having a randomly selected outcome, the gaming terminal having a side-wager input device for allowing a player to be eligible to win the special payout wherein, in response to activation of the side-wager input device, the gaming terminal credits the player the first payout when a first randomly selected outcome is achieved in the basic game and the gaming terminal credits the player the second payout when a second randomly selected outcome is achieved in the basic game.
13. The system of claim 12, wherein the special payout is a progressive jackpot.
14. The system of claim 12, wherein the first payout is a bonus game jackpot.
15. The system of claim 12, wherein the side-wager input device is a button or a key.
16. The system of claim 12, wherein the first and second randomly selected outcomes comprise a plurality of symbols.
17. The system of claim 16, wherein each of the plurality of symbols is a card from a deck of playing cards.
18. The system of claim 16, wherein the gaming terminal is a slot machine and each of the plurality of symbols is a standard slot machine symbol.
19. The gaming system of claim 12, further comprising a plurality of gaming terminals for conducting wagering games, each of the plurality of gaming terminals having the side-wager input device.
20. The gaming system of claim 19, further comprising signage located above and coupled to the plurality of gaming terminals, the signage displaying the special payout and for receiving a signal from one of the plurality of gaming terminals that it is eligible to win a special payout.
21. The gaming system of claim 20, wherein the signage includes a signage controller for controlling an outcome of the special payout on one of the plurality of gaming terminals.
22. The gaming system of claim 21, wherein each of the plurality of gaming terminals includes a gaming terminal controller, the gaming terminal controller being in communication with the signage controller.
23. The gaming system of claim 19, wherein each of the plurality of gaming terminals are identical machines.
24. The gaming system of claim 19, wherein the special payout is a progressive payout.
25. The gaming system of claim 19, wherein the first payout is a bonus game payout.
26. A gaming terminal for playing a wagering game, comprising:
a basic game having a plurality of symbols that indicate a randomly selected outcome of the basic game;
a progressive payout having a first payout and a second payout; and
an input device for allowing a player to become eligible for the progressive payout;
wherein, in response to the input device being activated, the gaming terminal awards the player the first payout when a first randomly selected outcome is achieved and awards the player the second payout when a second randomly selected outcome is achieved.
27. The gaming terminal of claim 26, wherein in response to the input device being activated, the gaming terminal awards the player a third payout when a third randomly selected outcome is achieved.