All The Claims

1. An antenna coil comprising:
a bar-shaped core;
a bobbin formed of insulating material and having opposing first and second ends, opposing longitudinal sides extending between said first and second ends and defining a side opening of a recess therebetween, said opposing longitudinal sides defining a winding accepting groove, and said bar-shaped core being disposed in said recess;
a coil wound around said bobbin and said bar-shaped core within said winding accepting groove;
a case formed of insulating material defining a cavity having a cavity interior wall, said bobbin with said coil wound therearound being disposed in said cavity;
a tuning condenser connected to said coil and situated proximate said first end;
said case having a protrusion extending into said cavity;
a wiring harness connected to said tuning condenser and extending exterior of said case, said wiring harness being disposed around a portion of a perimeter of said protrusion in a substantially omega shape, said wiring harness being disposed at least in part between said protrusion and said cavity interior wall; and
a flexible resin filing spaces in said cavity between said bobbin and said cavity interior wall.

The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.

Having thus described our invention, what we claim as new and desire to secure by letters patent is as follows:

1. A method of quantitative determination of optical performance of an optical system including steps of
measuring said aberrations of said optical system outside an image area, and
determining optical performance within said image area based on results of said measuring step.
2. A method as recited in claim 1, further including a step of
correlating optical performance within an image area with aberrations of the optical system outside the image area.
3. A method as recited in claim 2, wherein said correlating step is performed by modelling.
4. A method as recited in claim 2, wherein said correlating step is performed by collecting empirical data.
5. A method as recited in claim 2, further including a step of
adjusting said optical system in accordance with said correlating step.
6. A method as recited in claim 1, wherein said measuring step is performed with light of a non-actinic wavelength.
7. A method as recited in claim 1, wherein said measurement step is performed during projection of an image through said optical system.
8. A method as recited in claim 7, including the further step of measuring on-axis performance of the optical system between projection of images through said optical system.
9. A method as recited in claim 7, including the further step of taking samples within said image area between projections of images.
10. A method of correcting aberrations in a optical system comprising steps of
measuring said aberrations of said optical system outside the image area,
determining a correction for an adaptive optical element to improve optical performance of said optical system within said image area based on results of said measuring step.
11. A method as recited in claim 10, further including a step of
correlating optical performance within an image area with aberrations of the optical system outside the image area.
12. A method as recited in claim 11, further including a step of
adjusting said optical system in accordance with said correlating step.
13. A method as recited in claim 11, wherein said correlating step is performed by modelling.
14. A method as recited in claim 11, wherein said correlating step is performed by collecting empirical data.
15. A method as recited in claim 10, wherein said measuring step is performed with light of a non-actinic wavelength.
16. A method as recited in claim 10, wherein said measurement step is performed during projection of an image through said optical system.
17. A method as recited in claim 16, including the further step of measuring on-axis performance of the optical system between projection of images through said optical system.
18. A method as recited in claim 16, including the further step of taking samples within said image area between projections of images.
19. A method as recited in claim 11, wherein results of said correlating step are stored in the form of a look-up table and accessed during said determining step.
20. An optical system including
an adaptive optical element,
a light source and sensor located off-axis outside an image area of said optical system,
means for determining optical performance within an image area of said optical system based on an output of said sensor, and
means for controlling said adaptive optical element in accordance with an output of said means for determining optical performance.
21. An optical system as recited in claim 20, wherein said means for determining optical performance includes a look-up table.
22. An optical system as recited in claim 20, wherein said light source and sensor are movably positioned by a retractable structure.
23. An optical system as recited in claim 20, wherein said light source provides non-actinic wavelength light.
24. A method of correcting aberrations of an optical system for projecting a pattern defined on a reticle onto a wafer using EUV radiation, said reticle including off-axis image areas, said method comprising steps of
measuring said aberrations of said optical system outside said off-axis image areas, and
determining a correction for an adaptive optical element to reduce said aberrations of said optical system within said off-axis image area based on results of said measuring step.
25. A method as recited in claim 24, wherein said measuring step is performed during projection.
26. A method for correcting aberrations on an optical system for projecting a pattern defined on a reticle onto a wafer using EUV radiation, said image area of said reticle including off-axis image areas, said method comprising steps of
measuring said aberrations of said optical system inside said off-axis image areas, and
determining a correction for an adaptive optical element to reduce said aberrations of said optical system within said image area based on results of said measuring step.

1. An apparatus for converting voice packets transmittedreceived through a network comprising:
a first transcoder which performs at least one of bit-unpacking or unquantization on a first encoded packet to obtain a first line spectral pair (LSP) parameter of a first encoder, and which converts the first LSP parameter to a second parameter of a second encoder; and
a second transcoder which performs at least one of bit-unpacking or unquantization on a second encoded packet to obtain a third LSP parameter of the second encoder, and which converts and unquantizes the third LSP parameter to a fourth LSP parameter of the first encoder, wherein the first transcoder includes a first LSP parameter converting circuit which comprises:
an LSP interpolating circuit to perform interpolation between frames on the first LSP parameter, said LSP interpolating circuit multiplying the first LSP parameter of a previous frame by an interpolation constant and multiplying the first LSP parameter of a present frame by a value obtained by subtracting the interpolation constant from a maximum interpolation constant; and
a multiplier to multiply the interpolated LSP parameter by a constant to compensate for a scale difference of LSP and to output the second LSP parameter based on a result of said multiplication.
2. The apparatus, according to claim 1, wherein the first transcoder comprises:
a bit-unpacking circuit for bit-unpacking the first encoded packet;
an unquantizing circuit for unquantizing data in the bit-unpacked packet to obtain the first LSP parameter;
a parameter quantizing unit for quantizing the second LSP parameter output from the LSP interpolating circuit; and
bit-packing circuit for bit-packing the quantized parameter and outputting the bit-packed parameter in a packet of the second encoder.
3. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the second transcoder comprises:
a bit-unpacking circuit for bit-unpacking the second encoded packet;
an unquantizing circuit for unquantizing data in the bit-unpacked packet to obtain the third LSP parameter;
a second LSP parameter converting circuit for converting a voice parameter of the second encoder to the fourth LSP parameter;
a parameter quantizing circuit for quantizing the converted parameter; and
a bit-packing circuit for bit-packing the quantized parameter and outputting the bit-packed parameter in a packet of the second encoder.
4. The apparatus according to claim 3, wherein the second LSP parameter converting circuit in the second transcoder further comprises:
an LSP interpolating circuit for performing LSP interpolation between frames of the second encoder; and
a divider for dividing the interpolated LSP parameter by a constant to compensate scale for a difference of LSP, and outputting through multiplication as the fourth LSP parameter.
5. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the interpolation constant is in a range of from 0 to 1 in order to smooth a frame, and wherein different interpolation constant values are applied to different kinds of encoding parameters.
6. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the multiplier multiplies a frame LSP parameter of the first encoder by said constant to compensate for a scale difference of LSP during a course of converting the first LSP parameter of the first encoder to the second LSP parameter of the second encoder, and implements the multiplication through bit-shifting.
7. The apparatus according to claim 4, wherein the divider divides a frame LSP parameter of the second encoder by an appropriate constant to compensate for a scale difference of LSP during the course of converting the frame LSP parameter of the second encoder to the frame LSP parameter of the first encoder, and implements the multiplication through bit-shifting.
8. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the second encoder is a G.723.1 voice encoder for a data network.
9. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the constant for compensating for the LSP scale difference between the second encoder and another encoder is set at 512.
10. A method for converting voice packets transmittedreceived through a network, comprising:
(a) performing at least one of an unpacking process per information unit or an unquantization process on a first encoded packet by a first encoder;
(b) obtaining a first line spectral pair (LSP) parameter of the first encoder;
(c) outputting a packet of a second encoder by converting the first LSP parameter to a second LSP parameter of the second encoder, and performing at least one of a quantizing process or packing process per information unit;
(d) performing at least one of the unpacking process per information unit or the unquantization process on a second encoded packet by a second encoder;
(e) obtaining a third LSP parameter of the second encoder; and
(f) outputting a packet of the first encoder by converting the third LSP parameter to a fourth LSP parameter of the first encoder, and performing at least one of the quantizing process or the packing process per information unit, wherein (c) comprises:
interpolating the first LSP parameter of the first encoder for a previous frame and the first LSP parameter of the first encoder for a present frame; and
obtaining the second LSP parameter of the second encoder for the present frame by shifting the interpolated LSP parameter by a predetermined number of bits.
11. The method according to claim 10, wherein the LSP parameter of the present frame is obtained based on an Equation below:
LSPY(0)(i)=(\u03b1\xd7LSPX(\u22121)(i)+(1\u2212\u03b1)\xd7LSPX(0)(i))\xd7C

wherein LSPX(0)(i) and LSPX(\u22121)(i) are, respectively, the first LSP parameter of the first encoder for the present frame and the first LSP parameter of the first encoder for the previous frame, LSPY (0)is the second LSP parameter of the second encoder for the present frame, and C is a constant.
12. The method according to claim 11, wherein (i) corresponds to ithorder coefficients in a range of from 0 to 9.
13. The method according to claim 10, wherein \u03b1 is an interpolation constant in a range of 0\u2266\u03b1\u22661.
14. The method according to claim 13, wherein the interpolation constant gradually decreases as a subframe within a frame increases.
15. The method according to claim 10, wherein step (f) comprises:
interpolating the third LSP parameter of the second encoder for a previous frame and the third LSP parameter of the second encoder for a present frame; and
obtaining the fourth LSP parameter of the first encoder for the present frame by dividing the interpolated LSP by a predetermined number.
16. The method according to claim 11, wherein the fourth LSP parameter of the present frame is obtained based on an Equation below:
LSPN(0)(i)=(\u03b2\xd7LSPM(\u22121)(i)+(1\u2212\u03b2)\xd7LSPM(0)(i))\xf7K

wherein LSPM(0)(i) and LSPM(\u22121)(i) are, respectively, the third LSP parameter of the second encoder for the present frame and the third LSP parameter of the second encoder for the previous frame, LSPN(0) is the fourth LSP parameter of the first encoder for the present frame, and K is the predetermined number.
17. The method according to claim 16, wherein \u03b2 is an interpolation constant in a range of 0\u2266\u03b2\u22661.
18. The method according to claim 10, wherein the predetermined number of bits is 9.
19. The method according to claim 18 wherein C is 512.
20. The method according to claim 15 wherein the predetermined number is 512.
21. An apparatus for converting voice packets transmittedreceived through a network, comprising:
a transcoder which performs at least one of bit-unpacking or unquantization on a first encoded packet to obtain a first line spectral pair (LSP) parameter of a first encoder, and which converts the first LSP parameter to a second parameter of a second encoder, said transcoder including:
an interpolating circuit to interpolate between the first LSP parameter of the first encoder for a previous frame and the first LSP parameter of the first encoder for a present frame,
a shifter to shift the interpolated LSP parameter by a predetermined number of bits, wherein the second LSP parameter is based on the shifted and interpolated LSP parameter.
22. The apparatus according to claim 21, wherein the interpolating circuit generates the interpolated LSP parameter by:
multiplying the first LSP parameter of the previous frame by an interpolation constant, and
multiplying the first LSP parameter of a present frame by a value obtained by subtracting the interpolation constant from a maximum interpolation constant, wherein the interpolation constant provides an indication of a percentage of past data reflected in present data.
23. The apparatus according to claim 22, wherein the previous frame includes at least a portion of said past data and the present frame includes at least a portion of said present data.
24. An apparatus for converting voice packets transmittedreceived through a network, comprising:
a transcoder which performs at least one of bit-unpacking or unquantization on a first encoded packet to obtain a first line spectral pair (LSP) parameter of a first encoder, and which converts the first LSP parameter to a second parameter of a second encoder, said transcoder including:
an interpolating circuit to interpolate between the first LSP parameter of the first encoder for a previous frame and the first LSP parameter of the first encoder for a present frame, the interpolated LSP parameter generated based on an interpolation constant which provides an indication of a percentage of past data reflected in present data, and
a multiplier to multiply the interpolated LSP parameter by another constant to compensate for a scale difference between frames of the first and second encoders, the second LSP parameter generated based on the based on a result of said multiplication.
25. The apparatus according to claim 24, wherein the interpolating circuit generates the interpolated LSP parameter by:
multiplying the first LSP parameter of the previous frame by the interpolation constant, and
multiplying the first LSP parameter of a present frame by a value obtained by subtracting the interpolation constant from a maximum interpolation constant, wherein the interpolation constant provides an indication of a percentage of past data reflected in present data.
26. The apparatus according to claim 25, wherein the previous frame includes at least a portion of said past data and the present frame includes at least a portion of said present data.

The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.

1. A non load-bearing metal wall stud comprising:
a sheet metal body (10) having a thickness of about 0.013 to 0.032 inches, the sheet metal body having;
a web (12) having a width of about 2 to 6 inches, the web (12) having an inner surface and opposite straight edges;
a pair of flanges (14) each having a width of about 1.00 to 2.00 inches and each extending at a right angle to the web (12) at one of the straight edges of the web (12) and outwardly in the same direction from the inner surface of the web (12), each flange (14) having an inner surface and a straight edge;
a pair of lips (16), each having a width of 0.100 to 0.400 inches and each extending at a right angle from the straight edge of one of the flanges (14) and over the inner surface of the web (12), each of said lips (16) having an inner surface and a straight edge;
a pair of skirts (18) each having a width of about 0.075 to 0.450 inches and each extending at an angle of about 25 to 75 degrees from the straight edge of one of the lips (16), toward the inner surface of the respective flange (14) and over the inner surface of the lip (16), each skirt (18) having an inner surface and a free straight edge and the flange (14), the lip (16) and the skirt (18) together forming a triangle;
the free straight edge of the skirt (18) being substantially in contact with the inner surface of the flange (14) to increase an overall deflection resisting strength of the stud;
the connections between the web (12) and the pair of flanges (14), and between the flanges (14) and the lips (16), and between the lips (16) and skirts (18), each being a radius bend in the sheet metal body of about 0.020 to 0.040 inches;
a plurality of parallel channels (20) forming a knurling in the flange, said knurling extends substantially entirely across a width of each flange, a channel (20) closest to the lip (16) being deeper (D1) than remaining channels (D2) in the knurling so that the deeper channel cooperates with the skirt (18) to increase an overall deflection resisting strength of the stud; and
a plurality of parallel channels (20) formed in the web (12) and centered in a group on the web, the group being about 0.400 to 0.800 inches wide;
the web (12) including a central plateau on which the centered group of channels (20) are disposed, the central plateau being formed of steps (13) each of width (H) of about 0.030 to 0.060 inches and each spaced by a distance (J) of about 0.020 to 0.050 inches from the nearest flange (14) and having a step angle (C) of about 100 to 160 degrees.
2. The metal wall stud of claim 1, wherein said sheet metal body (10) has a thickness of about 0.015 to 0.030 inches and is made of steel having a tensile strength of about 33 to 45 Ksi.
3. The metal wall stud of claim 1, wherein said web (12) has a width of about 3 to 5 inches.
4. The metal wall stud of claim 1, wherein each of said flanges (14) has a width of about 1.25 to 1.75 inches.
5. The metal wall stud of claim 1, wherein each of said lips (16) has a width of about 0.125 to 0.175 inches.
6. The metal wall stud of claim 1, wherein each of said skirts (18) has a width of about 0.125 to 0.225 inches.
7. The metal wall stud of claim 1, wherein each of said skirts (18) extends at an angle of about 30 to 60 degrees.
8. The metal wall stud of claim 1, wherein the connections between the web (12) and the pair of flanges (14), and between the flanges (14) and the lips (16), and between the lips (16) and skirts (18), are each a radius bend in the sheet metal body of about 0.025 to 0.035 inches.