1. An floating gate transistor, comprising:
a channel island region;
a source region located adjacent to a first side of the channel island region;
a drain region located adjacent to a second side of the channel island region;
a tunneling dielectric located above the channel island region;
a floating gate having a first, second, third and fourth side surfaces, wherein the floating gate is located above the tunneling dielectric;
a control gate dielectric located above the floating gate;
a control gate located above the control gate dielectric; and
wherein first and second side surfaces of the control gate are aligned to third and fourth side surfaces of the channel island region, and to the third and the fourth side surfaces of the floating gate.
2. The transistor of claim 1, wherein the first and the second side surfaces of the control gate are aligned to side surfaces of the control gate dielectric and to side surfaces of the tunneling dielectric.
3. The transistor of claim 1, wherein:
the control gate dielectric is located on a top surface of the floating gate and on upper portions of the first and the second side surfaces of the floating gate; and
the control gate is located on the control gate dielectric above a top surface of the floating gate and laterally adjacent to the upper portions of the first and the second side surfaces of the floating gate.
4. The transistor of claim 3, wherein the control gate comprises a portion of a word line that extends in a direction substantially parallel to a source-channel-drain direction of the transistor.
5. The transistor of claim 4, further comprising:
an intergate insulating layer located above the source and drain regions, laterally adjacent to lower portions of the first and the second side surfaces of the floating gate and below a bottom surface of the control gate;
a first bit line contacting the source region; and
a second bit line contacting the drain region.
6. The transistor of claim 5, wherein the first and the second bit lines are located under the intergate insulating layer, and extend in a direction substantially perpendicular to the source-channel-drain direction.
7. The transistor of claim 6, further comprising:
sidewall spacers located between the intergate insulating layer and the lower portions of the first and the second side surfaces of the floating gate; and
metal silicide regions contacting the bit lines.
8. The transistor of claim 7, wherein the source and the drain regions comprise a heavily doped portion and a lightly doped portion.
9. The transistor of claim 1, wherein the source and the drain regions are located asymmetrically with respect to the floating gate.
10. The transistor of claim 1, wherein the transistor is formed using two photolithographic masking steps.
11. The transistor of claim 1, wherein:
the source, the drain and the channel island region are formed in a polysilicon active layer, which is located above a substrate; and
the transistor comprises a TFT EEPROM.
12. A three dimensional nonvolatile memory array, comprising:
a plurality of vertically separated device levels, each level comprising an array of TFT EEPROMs of claim 11;
a plurality of bit line columns in each device level, each bit line contacting the source or the drain regions of the TFT EEPROMs;
a plurality of word line rows in each device level; and
at least one interlayer insulating layer located between the device levels.
13. The array of claim 12, wherein:
the columns of bit lines extend substantially perpendicular to a source-channel-drain direction of the TFT EEPROMs;
each word line contains the control gates of the TFT EEPROMs, and the rows of word lines extend substantially parallel to the source-channel-drain direction of the TFT EEPROMs; and
the floating gates of the TFT EEPROMs comprise posts located between the control gates, the channel region islands and an intergate insulating layer.
14. The array of claim 13, wherein the bit lines in each device level comprise rails which extend under the intergate insulating layer.
15. The array of claim 14, wherein:
the rails comprise silicide layers over doped semiconductor regions;
the doped semiconductor regions comprise the TFT EEPROM source and drain regions in areas where the doped semiconductor regions are located adjacent to the TFT EEPROM channels; and
the array comprises a NVG, a DuSNOR or a SSL-NOR three dimensional array.
16. The array of claim 12, further comprising an interlevel interconnect which connects devices on different device levels, wherein at least a portion of the word line row comprises the same layer as the interlevel interconnect.
17. The array of claim 12, further comprising an insulating fill layer located between adjacent rail stacks, the rail stacks comprising the control gate, the control gate dielectric, the floating gate, the tunnel dielectric and the channel island region.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. A method executed in a computing device for providing a textual assistance associated with a context based menu, the method comprising:
detecting the context based menu displayed on a user interface in one of a collapsed and expanded state, wherein the context based menu appears adjacent to a focus point including one of: an insertion point and a selection point, and allows commands associated with one or more items represented by one or more graphical icons that are displayed on the context based menu to be scoped by context;
in response to a first selection of the one or more items on the context based menu, displaying a pre-tooltip associated with the first selected item, wherein the pre-tooltip provides a first information that describes a first action to be executed on an activation of the first selected item;
in response to detecting an activation of the first selected item,
executing the first action associated with the first selected item; and
displaying a post-tooltip associated with the first selected item, wherein the post-tooltip provides a second information that describes a performance of the first action;
positioning the pre-tooltip and the post-tooltip on one of an interior and an exterior of the context based menu in response to the first selection and the activation; and
in response to positioning the pre-tooltip and the post-tooltip on the exterior of the context based menu, configuring the pre-tooltip and the post-tooltip to curve around the context based menu and presenting the pre-tooltip and the post-tooltip at an offset from one of the one or more graphical icons associated with the first selected item to avoid an occlusion of the pre-tooltip and the post-tooltip on the context based menu.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the first selected item is selected by one or more of: a press and hold action, a swipe action, a keyboard entry combination, a hovering action by a mouse input, a press and hold action and a hovering action by a pen input, a tap action on the first selected item, an accelerometer sensor based input, an orientation sensor based input, an optically captured gesture, a time based input, a proximity to another device, a proximity to another person, and a proximity to a place.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein the press and hold action and the hovering action have a greater timing threshold than a timing threshold for the tap action on the first selected item, such that the press and hold action and the hovering action are operative to activate the pre-tooltip and the post-tooltip.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the pre-tooltip and the post-tooltip include a label that provides a short description of the first selected item, and wherein the pre-tooltip and the post-tooltip are displayed adjacent to other tooltips associated with a remaining subset of the one or more items.
5. The method of claim 4, further comprising:
in response to a determination of a period of inactivity following an display of the context based menu, displaying the label associated with the pre-tooltip on the context based menu, wherein the label accommodates text within a predefined region of the user interface.
6. The method of claim 5, farther comprising:
presenting the label along one of: a left side, a right side, a top, and a bottom of one or more items of the context based menu based on one of: a default parameter, an available display area, a location of the context based menu on the user interface, an attribute of the user, a content on a displayed page, and at least one other displayed user interface element.
7. The method of claim 6, further comprising:
expanding the label to descriptive tooltips displayed outside the context based menu, wherein the descriptive tooltips provide additional information associated with the one or more items on the context based menu.
8. The method of claim 7, wherein the descriptive tooltips accommodate at least one from a set of: multiple lines of text with a greater maximum number of characters than the label, a graphic, and an image.
9. The method of claim 1, wherein the pre-tooltip and the post-tooltip provide information about the one or more items displayed on the context based menu associated with one or more of: what the graphical icons for the one or more items represent, how to interact with the context based menu on the user interface, actions for executing the commands on the context based menu, the commands available for execution on the context based menu, a description of a type of the commands available in a sub-menu, a functionality of the commands available for execution on the context based menu, how to navigate to a submenu associated with the context based menu, default actions that can be executed from the context based menu, and a last command executed in response to a user action on the one or more items, and wherein a language of the information provided by the pre-tooltip and the post-tooltip are determined based on a user attribute.
10. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
in response to the first selection of the one or more items on the context based menu, presenting the pre-tooltip associated with the one or more items on the context based menu at a location near one of: a left side, a right side, a top, and a bottom of the context based menu, which is least likely to he occluded by a finger of the user, wherein the location of the pre-tooltip are selected based on at least one from a set of: a default parameter, an available display area, a location of the context based menu on the user interface, an attribute of the user, a content on a displayed page, and at least one other displayed user interface element.
11. The method of claim 10, further comprising:
modifying the location of the pre-tooltip and the post-tooltip in response to a change in on at least one from a set of: a displayed content on the user interface, an available display area, and a location of the context based menu.
12. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
displaying the pre-tooltip faster in response to a press and hold action at a center of the context based menu compared to the press and hold action on an individual item on the context based menu.
13. A computing device for providing tooltips associated with a context based menu, the computing device comprising:
an input device;
a memory;
a processor coupled to the memory and the input device, the processor executing an application and causing a user interface associated with the application to be displayed on a screen, wherein the processor is configured to:
detect the context based menu displayed on the user interface, wherein the context based menu allows commands associated with one or more items represented by one or more graphical icons that are displayed on the context based menu to be scoped by context;
in response to a first selection of the one or more items on the context based menu, display a pre-tooltip associated with the first selected item, wherein the pre-tooltip provides a first information that describes a first action to be executed on an activation of the first selected item;
in response to detecting an activation of the first selected item,
execute the first action associated with the first selected item; and
display a post-tooltip associated with the first selected item, wherein the post-tooltip provides a second information that describes a performance of the first action;
position the pre-tooltip and the post-tooltip on one of an interior and an exterior of the context based menu in response to the first selection and the activation; and
in response to positioning the pre-tooltip and the post-tooltip on the exterior of the context based menu, configure the pre-tooltip and the post-tooltip to curve around the context based menu and presenting the pre-tooltip and the post-tooltip at an offset from one of the one or more graphical icons associated with the first selected item to avoid an occlusion of the pre-tooltip and the post-tooltip on the context based menu.
14. The computing device of claim 13, wherein the processor is further configured to:
employ one or more of a color scheme, an animation scheme, a graphical scheme, a textual scheme, and a shading scheme to emphasize an association of one of the pre-tooltip and the post-tooltip with a corresponding item of the one or more items.
15. The computing device of claim 13, wherein the application is one of a web-based application and a cloud-based application enabling the user to interact with content displayed through a browser on a client device.
16. A method executed in a computing device for providing tooltips associated with a context based menu on a touch and gesture enabled device, the method comprising:
detecting the context based menu displayed on a user interface, wherein a location of the context based menu is selected at one of a fixed location on the user interface and a dynamically selected location based on one or more of: a selected portion of a plurality of displayed content, a displayed content type, an available display area, a plurality of user interface borders, and a device type, and wherein the context based menu allows commands associated with one or more items represented by one or more graphical icons that are displayed on the context based menu to be scoped by context;
in response to a first selection of the one or more items on the context based menu, displaying a pre-tooltip associated with the first selected item, wherein the pre-tooltip provides a first information that describes a first action to be executed on an activation of the first selected item;
in response to detecting an activation of the first selected item,
executing the first action associated with the first selected item; and
displaying a post-tooltip associated with the first selected item, wherein the post-tooltip provides a second information that describes a performance of the first action;
positioning the pre-tooltip and the post-tooltip on one of an interior and an exterior of the context based menu in response to the first selection and the activation; and
in response to positioning the pre-tooltip and the post-tooltip on the exterior of the context based menu, configuring the pre-tooltip and the post-tooltip to curve around the context based menu and presenting the pre-tooltip and the post-tooltip at an offset from one of the one or more graphical icons associated with the first selected item to avoid an occlusion of the pre-tooltip and the post-tooltip on the context based menu.
17. The method of claim 16, further comprising:
hiding the pre-tooltip and the post-tooltip after an expiration of a time period, wherein the pre-tooltip and the post-tooltip are presented and hidden in an animated fashion.