All The Claims

1. A method facilitating the use of wireless smart devices to purchase goods or services, the method comprising:
providing a smart poster that advertises a good or service and is locatable in an area that is accessible by a potential purchaser of a good or service;
directing, using a mechanism in or on the smart poster, the wireless smart device to access a section of a merchant’s website specific to the good or service in response to the wireless smart device interfacing with the smart poster; and
providing, via the wireless smart device, an option for the potential purchaser to purchase the good or service in a manner that bypasses a payment register in a retail location of the merchant.
2. The method of claim 1 wherein the smart poster is located in a retail establishment.
3. The method of claim 1 wherein the smart poster is located outside of a retail establishment.
4. The method of claim 1 wherein providing the option for the potential purchaser to purchase the good or service includes allowing the potential purchaser to complete the purchase using a wallet application.
5. The method of claim 4 wherein allowing the potential purchaser to complete the purchase using the wallet application includes allowing the potential purchaser to pay for the good or service using a pre-stored soft card accessible via the wallet application.
6. The method of claim 1 wherein the wireless smart device comprises a near field communications (NFC) enabled user device and wherein the mechanism in or on the smart poster includes an NFC transceiver and a product informationpurchase module for communicating information to the wireless smart device via near field communications for directing the wireless smart device to the section of the merchant’s website specific to the good or service.
7. The method of claim 1 wherein the wireless smart device comprises a radio frequency (RF) enabled user device and wherein the mechanism in or on the smart poster includes an RF transceiver and a product informationpurchase module for communicating information to the wireless smart device via near field communications for directing the wireless smart device to the section of the merchant’s website specific to the good or service.
8. The method of claim 1 wherein the wherein the wireless smart device includes a camera and a barcode reading application and wherein the mechanism in or on the smart poster includes a barcode that when captured by the camera and processed by the barcode reading application directs the wireless smart device to the section of the merchant’s website specific to the good or service.
9. The method of claim 1 wherein the smart poster enables purchase of the good or service when the good or service is not available for purchase at the purchaser’s current location.
10. The method of claim 1 wherein directing the wireless smart device includes providing at least one of a URL, Internet protocol (IP) address, or identification number to the wireless smart device that triggers either a wallet application or a web browser in the wireless smart device to access the section of the merchant’s website specific to the good or service.
11. The method of claim 10, wherein the providing an option for the potential purchaser to purchase the good or service includes transmitting data to the wireless smart device that enables either the wallet application or the web browser to display an on-line store purchasing interface.
12. A system for facilitating the use of a wireless smart device to purchase goods or services, the system comprising;
a smart poster locatable in an area that is accessible by a potential purchaser of goods or services;
a mechanism in or on the smart poster for directing the wireless smart device to access a section of a merchant’s website specific to the good or service advertised by the smart poster, wherein the wireless smart device is provided with an option for the potential purchaser to purchase the good or service in a manner that bypasses a payment register in a retail location of the merchant.
13. The system of claim 12 wherein the smart poster is located in a retail establishment.
14. The system of claim 12 wherein the smart poster is located outside of a retail establishment.
15. The system of claim 12 comprising a wallet application located on the wireless smart device for completing the purchase transaction.
16. The system of claim 15 wherein the wallet application has access to a soft card stored on the wireless smart device to pay for the good or service.
17. The system of claim 12 wherein the smart poster is configured to provide a coupon to the wireless smart device in response to receiving communications from the wireless smart device.
18. The system of claim 12 wherein the wireless smart device comprises a near field communications (NFC) enabled user device and wherein the mechanism in or on the smart poster includes an NFC transceiver and a product informationpurchase module for communicating information to the wireless smart device via near field communications for directing the wireless smart device to the section of the merchant’s website specific to the good or service.
19. The system of claim 12 wherein the wireless smart device comprises a radio frequency (RF) enabled user device and wherein the mechanism in or on the smart poster includes an RF transceiver and a product informationpurchase module for communicating information to the wireless smart device via near field communications for directing the wireless smart device to the section of the merchant’s website specific to the good or service.
20. The system of claim 12 wherein the wherein the wireless smart device includes a camera and a barcode reading application and wherein the mechanism in or on the smart poster includes a barcode that when captured by the camera and processed by the application directs the wireless smart device to the section of the merchant’s website specific to the good or service.
21. The system of claim 12 wherein the smart poster enables purchase of the good or service when the good or service is not available for purchase at the purchaser’s current location.
22. The system of claim 12 wherein the mechanism is configured to provide at least one of a URL, an Internet protocol (IP) address, identification number to the wireless smart device that triggers either a wallet application or a web browser in the wireless smart device to access the section of the merchant’s website specific to the good or service.
23. The system of claim 12 wherein the merchant’s website is configured to provide an option for the potential purchaser to purchase the good or service includes transmitting data to the wireless smart device that enables either the wallet application or the web browser to display an on-line store purchasing interface.
24. A non-transitory computer readable medium having stored thereon computer executable instructions that when executed by a processor of a computer control the computer to perform steps comprising:
providing a smart poster locatable in an area that is accessible by a potential purchaser of a good or service;
directing, using a mechanism in or on the smart poster, the wireless smart device to access a section of an merchant’s website specific to the good or service; and
providing, via the wireless smart device, an option for the potential purchaser to purchase the good or service in a manner that bypasses a payment register in a retail location of the merchant.

The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.

1. A focal plane shutter comprising:
a board including an opening;
blades opening and closing the opening;
an electromagnet supported by the board;
a drive lever adsorbed to and held by the electromagnet, and swingably supported by the board;
a drive arm connected to the drive lever, swingably supported by the board, and driving the blades;
a first biasing member always biasing the drive lever away from the electromagnet and moving the blades;
a first adjusting member that stepwisely adjusts a biasing force of the first biasing member;
a second biasing member always biasing the drive arm in a direction opposite to a biasing direction of the first biasing member to such an extent that the blades are moved in accordance with the biasing force of the first biasing member; and
a second adjusting member that steplessly adjusts a biasing force of the second biasing member.
2. The focal plane shutter of claim 1, wherein
an end of the second biasing member engages the drive arm, and
the second adjusting member includes:
a swing member engaging another end of the second biasing member and swingably supported by the board; and
a securing portion securing the swing member not to be swung at an arbitrary angle with respect to the board.
3. The focal plane shutter of claim 2, wherein
the drive arm includes a spindle portion swingably connected to the board, and
the second biasing member includes:
a coil portion wound around the spindle portion;
a first arm portion continuous to the coil portion and engaging the drive arm; and
a second arm continuous to the coil portion and engaging the swing member.
4. The focal plane shutter of claim 1, wherein
the first biasing member and the first adjusting member are arranged in one side of the board, and
the second biasing member and the second adjusting member are arranged in the other side of the board.
5. The focal plane shutter of claim 1, wherein
the board includes a restriction portion restricting a stop position of the drive lever,
the drive arm includes an engagement hole engaged with a drive pin of the drive lever, and
the second biasing member buffers impact generated between the drive pin and the engagement hole when the driving drive lever abuts the restriction portion and stops.
6. The focal plane shutter of claim 1, wherein the biasing force of the second biasing member increases as the biasing force of the first biasing member decreases.
7. The focal plane shutter of claim 1, comprising:
a support arm swingably supported by the board and connected to the blades; and
a third biasing member that biases the support arm.
8. The focal plane shutter of claim 1, wherein the second adjusting member includes an operating portion that operates the second adjusting member from one side of the board in which the electromagnet is supported.
9. An optical apparatus comprising a focal plane shutter comprising:
a board including an opening;
blades opening and closing the opening;
an electromagnet supported by the board;
a drive lever adsorbed to and held by the electromagnet, and swingably supported by the board;
a drive arm connected to the drive lever, swingably supported by the board, and driving the blades;
a first biasing member always biasing the drive lever away from the electromagnet and moving the blades;
a first adjusting member that stepwisely adjusts a biasing force of the first biasing member;
a second biasing member always biasing the drive arm in a direction opposite to a biasing direction of the first biasing member to such an extent that the blades are moved in accordance with the biasing force of the first biasing member; and
a second adjusting member that steplessly adjusts a biasing force of the second biasing member.

1-9. (canceled)
10. A computerized method for obtaining information from different devices in a computer network, the method comprising:
receiving data representing the information from each of the different devices, wherein the data is in a specific form relating to each of the different devices;
assigning the data from each of the different devices to one or more entities as defined by an information model; and
grouping the data from each of the different devices using an adaptation layer before assigning the data from that device to one or more entities.
11. The method of claim 10, wherein assigning the data further comprises:
preserving a semantic of the received data;
comparing received data against one or more managed entities; and
transforming the data into a common representation.
12. The method of claim 11, further comprising using the common representation of the data to monitor the performance of the network.
13. The method of claim 11, wherein transforming the data into a common representation is performed by a mediation layer.
14. (canceled)
15. A system for obtaining information from different devices in a computer network, the system comprising:
a processor;
a memory containing a plurality of program instructions configured to cause the processor to:
receive data representing the information from each of the different devices, wherein the data is in a specific form relating to each of the different devices;
assign the data from each of the different devices to one or more entities as defined by an information model; and
group the data from each of the different devices using an adaptation layer before assigning the data from that device to one or more entities.
16. The method of claim 10, wherein a set of mapping rules are used to assign the data from each of the different devices to the one or more entities and wherein the mapping rules control changes made to a state of each of the entities in the one or more entities.
17. The method of claim 11, wherein statistics associated with each of the different devices are provided by the adaption layer prior to the data being transformed into the common representation.
18. The method of claim 17, wherein the statistics are interface statistics indicating at least one of capabilities, behavior, or characteristics associated with each of the different devices.
19. The system of claim 15, wherein the instructions to assign the data further cause the processor to:
preserve a semantic of the received data;
compare received data against one or more managed entities; and
transform the data into a common representation.
20. The system of claim 19, wherein the instructions further cause the processor to:
use the common representation of the data to monitor the performance of the network.
21. The system of claim 19, wherein transforming the data into a common representation is performed by a mediation layer.
22. The system of claim 15, wherein a set of mapping rules are used to assign the data from each of the different devices to the one or more entities and wherein the mapping rules control changes made to a state of each of the entities in the one or more entities.
23. The system of claim 19, wherein statistics associated with each of the different devices are provided by the adaption layer prior to the data being transformed into the common representation.
24. The system of claim 23, wherein the statistics are interface statistics indicating at least one of capabilities, behavior, or characteristics associated with each of the different devices.
25. A computer storage product comprising a computer readable medium having a computer code stored therein, wherein the computer code, when executed on a computing device, causes the computing device to:
receive data representing the information from each of the different devices, wherein the data is in a specific form relating to each of the different devices;
assign the data from each of the different devices to one or more entities as defined by an information model; and
group the data from each of the different devices using an adaptation layer before assigning the data from that device to one or more entities.
26. The computer storage product of claim 25, wherein the computer code to assign the data further causes the computing device to:
preserve a semantic of the received data;
compare received data against one or more managed entities; and
transform the data into a common representation.
27. The computer storage product of claim 26, wherein the computer code further causes the computing device to:
use the common representation of the data to monitor the performance of the network.
28. The computer storage product of claim 26, wherein transforming the data into a common representation is performed by a mediation layer.
29. The computer storage product of claim 25, wherein a set of mapping rules are used to assign the data from each of the different devices to the one or more entities and wherein the mapping rules control changes made to a state of each of the entities in the one or more entities.
30. The computer storage product of claim 26, wherein statistics associated with each of the different devices are provided by the adaption layer prior to the data being transformed into the common representation and wherein the statistics are interface statistics indicating at least one of capabilities, behavior, or characteristics associated with each of the different devices.

The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.

1. A method for creating a graphical user interface within a manufacturing execution system (MES), the method comprising:
a) providing a client application builder tool (CAB) enabling a user to display MES screens and customize MES applications andor proprietary applications by use of the graphical user interface,
b) providing an MES database containing required data to be displayed on the MES screens;
c) storing data stemming from a production process controlled by the manufacturing executions system to the MES data base;
d) determining at least one set of specification data in a configuration file, the set of specification data having a meta-data fixed structure enabling a generation of a configuration interface;
e) executing a dynamically built and WEB technology-based graphical user interface (GUI) configuration tool, wherein the GUI configuration tool calls the specification data in the configuration file and offers the user the configuration interface within the GUI configuration tool in order to create the graphical user interface according to the specification data;
f) generating the configuration interface by use of the meta-data fixed structure;
g) creating the graphical user interface according to data entries made to the configuration interface, thereby determining an appearance of respective data fields in the graphical user interface; and
h) filling the data from the MES database into the respective data fields in the graphical user interface to thereby create the MES screens.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the data fields in the graphical user interface contain at least one of effective data values from resources contributing to the production process or graphs.
3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the data fields in the graphical user interface contain information selected from the group consisting of KPI data, drop-down lists, and user required data entries.
4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the manufacturing execution system is based on the S-95 standard.
5. The method according to claim 1, which comprises basing the structure of the graphical user interface on the meta-data fixed structure to thereby enable a virtual data link retrieving the data in the MES database to be displayed on the MES screen.
6. A system for creating a graphical user interface within a manufacturing execution system (MES), the system comprising:
a) a client application builder tool (CAB) enabling a user to display MES screens and customize MES applications andor proprietary applications by use of the graphical user interface,
b) an MES database containing required data to be displayed on the MES screens, wherein data stemming from a production process controlled by the manufacturing execution system are stored on said MES database;
c) at least one set of specification data in a configuration file, the set of specification data having a meta-data fixed structure enabling a generation of a configuration interface;
e) a dynamically built and WEB technology-based GUI configuration tool being executable, wherein said GUI configuration tool is configured to call the specification data in the configuration file and to offer the user the configuration interface within said GUI configuration tool in order to create the graphical user interface according to the specification data;
f) a device for generating, by using the meta-data fixed structure, the configuration interface;
g) wherein the graphical user interface is created according to data entries made to the configuration interface thereby determining an appearance of the respective data fields in the graphical user interface; and
h) the data from the MES database are filled into the respective data fields in the graphical user interface thereby creating the MES screens.
7. The system according to claim 6, wherein the data fields in the graphical user interface comprise effective data values from resources contributing to the production process andor graphs.
8. The system according to claim 6, wherein the data fields in the graphical user interface comprise display information selected from the group consisting of KPI data, drop-down lists, and user required data entries.
9. The system according to claim 6, wherein the manufacturing execution system is based on the S-95 standard.
10. The system according to claim 6, wherein the structure of the graphical user interface is based on the meta-data fixed structure thereby enabling a virtual data link retrieving the data in the MES database to be displayed on the MES screen.