All The Claims

1. A device for providing dialysis solution to a to a patient comprising:
a fluid receptacle, the fluid receptacle having a substantially hollow interior and defining an exterior surface;
a membrane receptacle adapted to receive dialysis solution, the membrane receptacle carried within the substantially hollow interior of the fluid receptacle;
at least two capacitor plates positioned adjacent to the exterior surface of the fluid receptacle, the at least two capacitor plates arranged in an opposing manner;
a circuit electrically connected to the at least two capacitor plates, the circuit configured to produce an output signal indicative of a volume of the dialysis solution in the membrane receptacle; and
a member for providing at least a portion of the dialysis solution within the membrane receptacle to or from a patient.
2. The device of claim 1, wherein the membrane receptacle operates with a pump chamber having at least one fluid port.
3. The device of claim 2, wherein the capacitor plates have a shape that is substantially the same as the shape of the pump chamber.
4. The device of claim 1, wherein the membrane receptacle includes at least one flexible membrane wall movable to pump medical fluid.
5. The device of claim 1, wherein the membrane receptacle includes first and second flexible membrane walls, at least one of the first and second membrane walls being movable to change a volume of the receptacle.
6. The device of claim 1, wherein the membrane receptacle includes a portion of a disposable dialysis fluid flow path useable with a dialysis machine.
7. The device of claim 1, wherein at least one capacitor plate a non-planer shape.
8. The device of claim 1, wherein the capacitor plates have a shape at least substantially the same as the exterior surface of the fluid receptacle.
9. The device of claim 1, wherein the circuit charges the capacitor plates and measures a change in voltage from the capacitor plates over a time interval.
10. The device of claim 1, wherein the circuit further comprises:
a ground connection to one of the capacitor plates; and
a capacitance sensor circuit connected to another capacitor plate.
11. The device of claim 1, which includes a pair of substantially parallel capacitor plates.
12. A device for providing dialysis to a patient comprising:
a plurality of capacitor plates defining a space between the plates;
a fluid receptacle for holding a volume of dialysis fluid positioned within the space, the receptacle having a flexible membrane receptacle adapted to receive the dialysis fluid and operable to enable a relatively low dielectric fluid to be present at certain times between the receptacle and the plates;
a circuit electrically connected to the plurality of capacitor plates, the circuit having an output indicative of the volume of dialysis fluid in the fluid receptacle; and
a fluid line coupled to the patient to deliver at least a portion of the volume of dialysis fluid to or from the patient.
13. A device for providing continuous flow peritoneal dialysis comprising:
a fluid receptacle;
a flexible dialysis receptacle disposed within the fluid receptacle, the dialysis receptacle capable of being placed in fluid communication with a patient;
first and second capacitor plates defining a space within and between which the fluid receptacle is located, the plates having a variable dielectric between the plates that is dependent on an amount of fluid in the dialysis receptacle; and
an electrical circuit connected to the capacitor plates that creates a signal that is related to the variable dielectric.
14. A system for measuring a volume of a fluid to be provided to or from a patient, the system comprising:
a fluid receptacle, the fluid receptacle carrying a flexible membrane receptacle capable of being fluidly connected to a patient;
first and second capacitor plates defining a space within and between which the fluid receptacle is located, the plates having a variable dielectric between the plates that is dependent on an amount of a fluid in the flexible membrane receptacle; and
an electrical circuit connected to the capacitor plates that creates a signal that is related to the variable dielectric.
15. The system of claim 14, wherein the signal is indicative of the volume of the fluid in the flexible membrane receptacle.
16. The system of claim 14, wherein the signal is indicative of a volume of air in the fluid receptacle.
17. The system of claim 14, wherein the signal is indicative of a portion of fluid in the flexible membrane receptacle and a portion of air in the fluid receptacle.
18. The system of claim 14, wherein the fluid receptacle operates inside of a fluid pump chamber.
19. The system of claim 18, wherein the capacitor plates have a shape substantially the same as the fluid pump chamber.
20. The system of claim 14, wherein the fluid receptacle is positioned between the first and second capacitor plates.
21. The system of claim 14, further comprising a pump piston, wherein one of the first and second capacitor plates defines an aperture that allows a portion of the piston to extend outside the plate.
22. The system of claim 14, further comprising a pump piston, wherein the pump piston moves between the capacitor plates.
23. The system of claim 14, further comprising a displacement fluid that expands and contracts the flexible membrane receptacle to fill and empty the fluid in and out of the receptacle.
24. The system of claim 14, wherein the fluid receptacle includes a pump chamber wall defining a port that can apply a negative pressure to the flexible membrane receptacle and pull at least a portion of one of the membranes towards the port.
25. The system of claim 14, wherein the fluid receptacle includes a pair of pump chamber walls each defining a port.
26. The system of claim 14, wherein at least one of the first and second capacitor plates is represented by the surface of the adjacent fluid.
27. The system of claim 14, wherein the flexible membrane receptacle is part of a disposable cassette.
28. The system of claim 14, further comprising a processor that determines a volume of the fluid from the signal outputted by the electrical circuit.
29. The system of claim 14, further comprising a processor that determines a cumulative volume of fluid from a plurality of individual volumes of fluid in the fluid receptacle.
30. The system of claim 14, wherein the pair of capacitor plates have a shape substantially the same as the receptacle when the receptacle is full of fluid.
31. A system for measuring a volume of a fluid to be provided to or from a patient, the system comprising:
a fluid receptacle;
first and second capacitor plates positioned outside of and on opposing sides of the fluid receptacle;
a flexible membrane receptacle carried within the fluid receptacle, the flexible membrane in fluid communication with the patient: and
an electrical circuit providing a voltage source that enables a signal indicative of the volume of the fluid in the receptacle to be generated.
32. The system of claim 31, wherein the output signal is based on at least one of: a variable dielectric between the plates, a changing surface area of one of the plates, and a changing distance between the plates.
33. The system of claim 31, wherein the signal is based on a varying dielectric constant between the fluid and air.
34. The system of claim 31, wherein the circuit charges the capacitor plates and measures a change in voltage from the capacitor plates over a time interval.
35. The system of claim 34, wherein the time interval is a fixed time interval.
36. A medical fluid delivery system, comprising:
a fluid flow path including a patient connection;
a membrane receptacle positioned inside a chamber, the membrane receptacle so constructed and arranged to be in fluid communication with the fluid flow path; and
a capacitance sensor positioned on opposing sides of an outer surface of the chamber and capable of accounting for an amount of a relatively low dielectric fluid existing between the membrane receptacle and the chamber to indicate a volume of fluid in the receptacle.
37. The system of claim 36, wherein the chamber is a pump chamber.
38. The system of claim 37, wherein the capacitance sensor further comprises first and second capacitor plates at opposite sides of the pump chamber.
39. The system of claim 38, wherein the capacitor plates have a shape substantially the same as part of the pump chamber.
40. The system of claim 36, wherein the capacitance sensor further comprises first and second capacitor plates positioned at opposite sides of the fluid receptacle.
41. The system of claim 36, wherein the capacitance sensor includes at least one capacitor plate having a non-planer shape.
42. The system of claim 36, wherein the membrane receptacle is part of a disposable set.
43. The system of claim 36, wherein the capacitance sensor comprises first and second capacitor plates and an electrical circuit connected to the plates.
44. The system of claim 36, wherein the pair of capacitor plates have a shape substantially the same as the fluid receptacle when the fluid receptacle is substantially full of fluid.
45. The system of claim 36, wherein the medical fluid delivery system is a dialysis system.
46. The system of claim 45, wherein the dialysis system is a continuous flow peritoneal dialysis system.
47. A dialysis system, comprising:
a fluid flow mechanism having a flexible membrane receptacle arranged to hold and convey a fluid during a dialysis treatment; and
a fluid volume capacitance sensor having first and second capacitor plates each positioned and arranged on an opposing side of the fluid flow mechanism to measure a volume of the fluid conveyed by the flexible membrane receptacle during the dialysis treatment.
48. The dialysis system of claim 47, wherein the fluid flow mechanism is a continuous flow mechanism capable of performing continuous flow dialysis.
49. The dialysis system of claim 47, wherein the fluid flow mechanism is fluidly connected to a peritoneal dialysis catheter.
50. The dialysis system of claim 47, wherein the fluid flow mechanism is fluidly connected to a plurality of peritoneal access lumens.
51. A method of measuring a volume of a medical fluid pumped by a fluid pump, comprising the steps of:
configuring a plurality of capacitor plates to define a space between the plates;
sensing a first state of a medical fluid receptacle located within the space when a flexible membrane receptacle within the medical fluid receptacle is substantially empty of fluid so that a relatively low dielectric fluid exist between the plates and the receptacle;
providing the medical fluid to the flexible membrane receptacle;
sensing a second state of the fluid receptacle with the capacitor plates when the flexible membrane is substantially full of medical fluid; and
determining a volume of the medical fluid in the fluid receptacle based on the first and second states sensed by the capacitor plates.
52. The method of claim 51 further comprising the steps of:
substantially emptying the flexible membrane receptacle of fluid; and
providing additional medical fluid to the flexible membrane receptacle, sensing another second state, and determining another volume of the medical fluid.
53. The method of claim 51, which includes continuously sensing the state of the flexible membrane receptacle as the fluid enters the fluid receptacle.
54. The method of claim 51, which includes determining a total volume of fluid from a plurality of volumes of medical fluid provided to the flexible membrane receptacle.
55. The method of claim 51, which includes knowing a total amount of medical fluid needed by a patient and stopping the provision of the medical fluid when the total amount has been provided.
56. The method of claim 51, which includes determining a volume of air in the fluid receptacle based on the first and second states sensed by the capacitor plates.
57. A method of providing dialysis to a patient, comprising the steps of:
measuring a volume of dialysis fluid having a sequentially changing inverse relationship with a relatively low dielectric fluid, the dialysis fluid located within a receptacle, the receptacle positioned within a space defined by first and second plates of a capacitance sensor; and
pumping a portion of the volume of the dialysis fluid into a portion of a patient using a flexible membrane supported within the receptacle.
58. The method of claim 57, wherein the portion includes a peritoneal cavity of the patient.
59. The method of claim 57, wherein the measuring step further comprises measuring the volume of dialysis fluid in a pump chamber.

The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.

1. A subfloor component comprising:
a hardboard panel having first and second opposing faces and a plurality of intersecting grooves to define, in cross-section, a plurality of pedestals having walls that extend into the panel from the first face toward the second face, at least one of the pedestals having at least one wall that is undercut; and
a film of substantially moisture-impervious material attached to the first face of the panel and that conforms to the tops and walls of the pedestals and to the bottoms of the grooves.
2. The subfloor component of claim 1, wherein the at least one wall that is undercut defines an overhang over one or more of the grooves.
3. The subfloor component of claim 1, wherein an angle is defined between:
a line that extends perpendicular to the first face, and
the undercut wall.
4. The subfloor component of claim 3, wherein the angle is from about 2.5 degrees to about 50 degrees.
5. The subfloor component of claim 1, wherein the film is mechanically attached to the panel.
6. The subfloor component of claim 1, wherein the film is attached to the panel by melting or partially melting the film onto the panel.
7. The subfloor component of claim 1, wherein the film is spray coated onto the panel.
8. The subfloor component of claim 1, wherein the film is pre-formed to define a plurality of recesses shaped to receive the pedestals of the hardboard panel.
9. The subfloor component of claim 8, wherein the film is attached to the panel by snapping the recesses onto the pedestals.
10. The subfloor component of claim 9, wherein each recess is shaped to clip onto a respective pedestal.
11. The subfloor component of claim 1, wherein the film comprises material selected from the group comprising plastic or polymer.
12. The subfloor component of claim 11, wherein the plastic or polymer is selected from the group consisting of: polystyrene, polyethylene, polyester, polypropylene, polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), or acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS).
13. The subfloor component of claim 1, wherein the pedestals are generally uniformly distributed across the first surface of the panel.
14. The subfloor component of claim 1, wherein the hardboard panel comprises material selected from the group consisting of: OSB (oriented strand board), plywood, fiber cement board, cement board, and magnesium oxide board.
15. The subfloor component of claim 1, wherein the subfloor component is shaped to connect to another subfloor component.
16. A method of manufacturing a subfloor component, comprising:
shaping a hardboard sheet to form a hardboard panel having, in cross-section, a plurality of pedestals with walls that extend into the panel from a first face of the panel toward a second opposing face of the panel, at least one of the pedestals having at least one wall that is undercut; and
attaching a substantially moisture-impervious film to the first face of the panel, the film conforming to the tops and walls of the pedestals and to the bottoms of the grooves.
17. The method of claim 16, wherein attaching the film comprises:
partially melting or melting the film onto the first face of the panel.
18. The method of claim 17, wherein attaching the film comprises:
spray coating the film onto the first face of the panel.
19. The method of claim 17, further comprising:
providing a pre-formed film having a plurality of recesses that are shaped to receive the pedestals of the hardboard panel.
20. The method of claim 19, wherein attaching the film comprises:
snapping the recesses onto the pedestals.
21. The method of claim 20, wherein each recess is shaped to clip onto a respective pedestal.

1. A computerized system for performing statistical machine translation, the system comprising:
a statistical machine translation engine executed on a user computing device, the statistical machine translation engine trained on a bilingual parallel corpus including source language documents and a corresponding target human translation of the source language documents, and configured to receive a translation input and to produce a raw machine translation output, at run-time;
a phrasal decoder, separate and distinct from the statistical machine translation engine, executed on the user computing device, the phrasal decoder being trained prior to run-time on a monolingual parallel corpus, the monolingual parallel corpus including a machine translation output of the source language documents of the bilingual parallel corpus and the corresponding target human translation output of the source language documents of the bilingual parallel corpus, to thereby learn mappings and build a phrase table by establishing phrase pairs between the machine translation output and the target human translation output, wherein the machine translation output is unedited by human translators, and wherein the phrasal decoder is trained prior to run-time on a developer computing device on which the bilingual parallel corpus is stored, assigning to each phrase pair a statistical score representing a utility of each phrase pair; and
wherein at run-time on the user computing device the phrasal decoder is configured to process the raw machine translation output, and to produce a corrected translation output based on the learned mappings and the phrase table, programmatically correcting the raw machine translation output if a statistical score for correspondence of the phrase pair is above a predetermined threshold.
2. The computerized system of claim 1, wherein the phrasal decoder is configured to determine the learned mappings by applying a word alignment algorithm.
3. The computerized system of claim 2, wherein the word alignment algorithm is selected from the group consisting of a hidden markov model (HMM), an expectation-maximization (EM) model, a discriminative model, and a syntax-based model.
4. The computerized system of claim 1, wherein the bilingual parallel corpus includes bi-text training data for one or more language pairs, the bi-text training data including source language documents and target human translation output for each language pair.
5. The computerized system of claim 1, wherein the statistical machine translation engine is configured to translate between each of a plurality of language pairs, each language pair having a source language and a target language;
wherein the monolingual parallel corpus is one of a plurality of monolingual parallel corpora that the phrasal decoder is trained on, each of the monolingual parallel corpora being for a target language in one of the language pairs, and each of the monolingual parallel corpora including a machine translation output and a corresponding target human translation output; and
wherein the target human translation output for each monolingual parallel corpora is from a corresponding bilingual parallel corpus for one of the language pairs.
6. The computerized system of claim 5, wherein the language pairs are typologically different language pairs.
7. The computerized system of claim 1, wherein the statistical machine translation engine includes a syntax-based statistical machine translation engine; and
wherein the phrasal decoder includes a phrase-based statistical machine translation engine.
8. The computerized system of claim 1, wherein the phrasal decoder is configured to produce the corrected translation output without prompting a user for a correction input.
9. A computerized method of statistical machine translation, the method comprising:
training a statistical machine translation engine on a bilingual parallel corpus including source language documents and a corresponding target human translation of the source language documents;
training a phrasal decoder, separate and distinct from the statistical machine translation engine, on a monolingual parallel corpus, the monolingual parallel corpus including a machine translation output of the source language documents of the bilingual parallel corpus and the corresponding target human translation output of the source language documents of the bilingual parallel corpus, to thereby learn mappings and build a phrase table by establishing phrase pairs between the machine translation output and the target human translation output, wherein the machine translation output is unedited by human translators, assigning to each phrase pair a statistical score representing a utility of each phrase pair;
performing statistical machine translation via the statistical machine translation engine trained on the bilingual parallel corpus of a translation input to thereby produce a raw machine translation output; and
processing the raw machine translation output to thereby produce a corrected translation output based on the learned mappings and the phrase table, programmatically correcting the raw machine translation output if a statistical score for correspondence of the phrase pair is above a predetermined threshold.
10. The computerized method of claim 9, wherein learning mappings between the machine translation output and the target human translation output includes applying a word alignment algorithm.
11. The computerized method of claim 10, wherein the word alignment algorithm is selected from the group consisting of a hidden markov model (HMM), an expectation-maximization (EM) model, a discriminative model, and a syntax-based model.
12. The computerized method of claim 9, wherein the bilingual parallel corpus includes bi-text training data for one or more language pairs, the bi-text training data including source language documents and target human translation output for each language pair.
13. The computerized method of claim 9, wherein performing statistical machine translation of a translation input includes translating between each of a plurality of language pairs, each language pair having a source language and a target language;
wherein the monolingual parallel corpus is one of a plurality of monolingual parallel corpora that the phrasal decoder is trained on, each of the monolingual parallel corpora being for a target language in one of the language pairs, and each of the monolingual parallel corpora including a machine translation output and a corresponding target human translation output; and
wherein the target human translation output for each monolingual parallel corpora is from a corresponding bilingual parallel corpus for one of the language pairs.
14. The computerized method of claim 13, wherein translating between each of the language pairs includes translating between each of a plurality of typologically different language pairs.
15. The computerized method of claim 9, wherein training the phrasal decoder occurs on a developer computing device on which the bilingual parallel corpus is stored;
wherein performing statistical machine translation of a translation input to thereby produce a raw machine translation output and processing the raw machine translation output to thereby produce a corrected translation output occurs on a user computing device.
16. The computerized method of claim 9, wherein performing statistical machine translation of a translation input is accomplished at least in part by a syntax-based statistical machine translation engine; and
wherein processing the raw machine translation output to thereby produce a corrected translation output is accomplished at least in part by a phrase-based statistical machine translation engine.
17. The computerized method of claim 9, wherein processing the raw machine translation output to thereby produce a corrected translation output occurs without prompting a user for a correction input.
18. A computerized system for performing statistical machine translation, the system comprising:
a user computing device configured to execute:
a statistical machine translation engine trained on a bilingual parallel corpus including source language documents and a corresponding target human translation of the source language documents and configured to receive a translation input and to produce a raw machine translation output, at run-time; and
a phrasal decoder, separate and distinct from the statistical machine translation engine, configured at run-time to process the raw machine translation output, and to produce a corrected translation output for display on a display associated with the system;
wherein the phrasal decoder, separate and distinct from the statistical machine translation engine, is trained on a developer computing device prior to run-time based on a monolingual parallel corpus, the monolingual parallel corpus including a machine translation output of the bilingual parallel corpus and the corresponding target human translation output included within the bilingual parallel corpus, the machine translation output being unedited by human translators, to thereby learn mappings and build a phrase table by establishing phrase pairs between the machine translation output and the target human translation output, assigning to each phrase pair a statistical score representing a utility of each phrase pair, and wherein at run time on the user computing device the corrected translation output is produced based on a plurality of the learned mappings and the phrase table, programmatically correcting the raw machine translation output if a statistical score for correspondence of the phrase pair is above a predetermined threshold.

The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.

1. A wind power installation having an apparatus for monitoring the loading on parts of the wind power installation or the entire wind power installation, wherein the apparatus is arranged in the region of the base of the pylon of the wind power installation and has means with which the loadings on the pylon can be measured in the region of the base of the pylon, characterised in that the wind power installation has a control device which processes the data to be measured for detecting the loading on the pylon and which controls the wind power installation in such a way that a reduction in the speed of rotation of the rotor of the wind power installation andor a reduction in the loading on the wind power installation is effected by means of adjustment of the rotor blades when the measured data exceed a given maximum value once, a plurality of times andor over a certain period of time.
2. A wind power installation according to claim 1 characterised in that the apparatus for detecting the loading on the pylon in the region of the base thereof is a sensor based on resistance strain gauges (RSGs).
3. A wind power installation according to one of the preceding claims characterised by a first device (30) for converting the detected measurement values (detected by the sensor (20)) into analog or digital electrical signals which are representative of the measurement values.
4. Apparatus according to claim 3 characterised by a second device (40) for detecting the electrical signals and for comparing the measurement value represented by the signal to at least one predeterminable first limit value and for displaying when the limit value is reached or exceeded; andor for storing andor cumulating the measurement values represented by the electrical signal.
5. Apparatus according to one of the preceding claims characterised by a device for the transmission of signals which represent individual measurement values andor the cumulated measurement values andor a relationship of the cumulated measurement values with a predeterminable second limit value.
6. A method of monitoring a wind power installation in which data for the loading on the wind power installation are detected by means of a measurement value data pickup, the measurement value data are stored andor processed in accordance with a predetermined method, and the instantaneous loading on the overall wind power installation is ascertained from the measurement value data.
7. A method according to claim 6 characterised in that the ascertained instantaneous loadings are cumulated.
8. A method according to claim 6 characterised in that the ascertained instantaneous loadings are correlated with the instantaneously measured wind.
9. A method according to one of claims 6 to 8 characterised in that the measurement value is compared to a predeterminable first limit value and attainment or exceeding of the limit value is displayed.
10. A method according to one of claims 7 to 9 characterised in that the cumulated measurement values are related to a predeterminable second limit value.
11. A method according to claim 10 characterised in that the relationship between the cumulated measurement values and the second limit value is represented.