All The Claims

1. A method for antenna pattern assignment for a communication device equipped with a multi-sector antenna including multiple sectors, the multi-sector antenna configured to allow the multi-sector antenna to be used with a plurality of antenna pattern assignments, the method comprising:
sending, by the communication device, a broadcast request using an antenna pattern assignment of the plurality of antenna pattern assignments including one or more sectors of the multiple sectors;
receiving, by the communication device, a response to the broadcast request; and
switching, by the communication device, to a new antenna pattern assignment of the plurality of antenna pattern assignments based on the response,
setting, by the communication device, a timeout depending on a date of sending the broadcast request,
wherein the switching comprises switching, by the communication device, to the new antenna pattern assignment if the response received by the communication device within the timeout is positive.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the communication device is further equipped with a receiver coupled to the multi-sector antenna, the receiver configured to control the sending, the receiving, and the switching.
3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the broadcast request is sent to a second communication device, and the response is received from the second communication device.
4. The method according to claim 3, wherein receiving the response comprises receiving a response from the second communication device that is based on a signal strength received at the second communication device and on a signal strength received at the communication device.
5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the broadcast request is sent over a wireless network, and the response is received over the wireless network.
6. The method according to claim 1, wherein the broadcast request includes a first value.
7. The method according to claim 6, wherein the first value is determined based on a received signal strength received by the communication device using the antenna pattern assignment.
8. The method according to claim 1, wherein the switching to the new antenna pattern assignment by the communication device is carried out if the response is a positive response, indicating that the antenna pattern assignment should be switched.
9. A method for antenna pattern assignment for a communication device equipped with a multi-sector antenna including multiple sectors, the multi-sector antenna configured to allow the multi-sector antenna to be used with a plurality of antenna pattern assignments, the method comprising:
receiving, by the communication device using an antenna pattern assignment of the plurality of antenna pattern assignments including one or more sectors of the multiple sectors, a broadcast request comprising a first value;
determining, by the communication device, a second value based on a received signal strength received by the communication device using the antenna pattern assignment;
determining, by the communication device, a response to the broadcast request based on a comparison of the first value and the second value; and
sending, by the communication device, the response,
wherein the first value and the second value are representative of an amount of interference at the communication device.
10. The method according to claim 9, wherein determining the response comprises determining a response indicating whether the antenna pattern assignment should be switched.
11. The method according to claim 9, wherein:
receiving the broadcast request comprises receiving the broadcast request from a separate communication device, and
the first value is based on a signal strength received at the separate communication device.
12. The method according to claim 9, wherein the response sent by the communication device is positive if the communication device determines that the first value is less than the second value.
13. The method according to claim 12, wherein:
when the response sent by the communication device is positive, the communication device sets a timeout, and
the communication device is allowed to adjust said antenna pattern assignment after having sent said response and set said timeout, only when one of two events, including an expiration of the timeout and a reception of a broadcast confirmation packet corresponding to the response sent by the communication device, happens.
14. The method according to claim 9, further comprising:
sending, by the communication device, a separate broadcast request using a current antenna pattern assignment of the plurality of antenna pattern assignments;
receiving, by the communication device, a separate response to the separate broadcast request; and
switching, by the communication device, to a new antenna pattern assignment of the plurality of antenna pattern assignments based on the received separate response.
15. A communication device comprising:
a multi-sector antenna including multiple sectors, the multi-sector antenna configured to allow the multi-sector antenna to be used with a plurality of antenna pattern assignments, wherein the communication device is configured to perform at least the following:
sending a broadcast request using an antenna pattern assignment of the plurality of antenna pattern assignments including one or more sectors of the multiple sectors,
receiving a response to the broadcast request, and
switching to a new antenna pattern assignment of the plurality of antenna pattern assignments based on the response, wherein the communication device is further configured to:
set a timeout depending on a date of sending the broadcast request, and
switch to the new antenna pattern assignment if the response received by the communication device within the timeout is positive.
16. The communication device according to claim 15, further comprising a receiver coupled to the multi-sector antenna, the receiver configured to control the sending, the receiving, and the switching.
17. The communication device according to claim 15 wherein:
the communication device is configured to send the broadcast request to a second communication device, and
the communication device is configured to receive the response from the second communication device.
18. The communication device according to claim 17, wherein receiving the response comprises receiving a response from the second communication device that is based on a signal strength received at the second communication device and on a signal strength received at the communication device.
19. The communication device according to claim 15 wherein:
the communication device is configured to send the broadcast request over a wireless network, and
the communication device is configured to receive the response over the wireless network.
20. The communication device according to claim 15 wherein the communication device is configured to include a first value in the broadcast request.
21. The communication device according to claim 20, wherein the communication device is further configured to determine the first value based on a received signal strength received by the communication device using the antenna pattern assignment.
22. The communication device according to claim 15, wherein the communication device is configured to switch to the new antenna pattern assignment if the response is a positive response, indicating that the antenna pattern assignment should be switched.
23. A communication device comprising:
a multi-sector antenna including multiple sectors, the multi-sector antenna configured to allow the multi-sector antenna to be used with a plurality of antenna pattern assignments, wherein the communication device is configured to perform at least the following:
receiving a broadcast request using an antenna pattern assignment of the plurality of antenna pattern assignments including one or more sectors of the multiple sectors, the broadcast request comprising a first value;
determining a second value based on a received signal strength received by the communication device using the antenna pattern assignment;
determining a response to the broadcast request based on a comparison of the first value and the second value; and
sending the response,
wherein the first value and the second value are representative of an amount of interference at the communication device.
24. The communication device according to claim 23, wherein determining the response comprises determining a response indicating whether the antenna pattern assignment should be switched.
25. The communication device according to claim 23, wherein:
receiving the broadcast request comprises receiving the broadcast request from a separate communication device, and
the first value is based on a signal strength received at the separate communication device.
26. The communication device according to claim 23, wherein the response sent by the communication device is positive if the communication device determines that the first value is less than the second value.
27. The communication device according to claim 26, wherein the communication device is further configured to set a timeout when the response sent by the communication device is positive, and to be allowed to adjust said antenna pattern assignment after having sent said response and set said timeout, only when one of two events, including an expiration of the timeout and a reception of a broadcast confirmation packet corresponding to the response sent by the communication device, happens.
28. The communication device according to claim 23, wherein the communication device is further configured to perform at least the following:
sending, by the communication device, a separate broadcast request using a current antenna pattern assignment of the plurality of antenna pattern assignments;
receiving, by the communication device, a separate response to the separate broadcast request; and
switching, by the communication device, to a new antenna pattern assignment of the plurality of antenna pattern assignments based on the received separate response.

The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.

What is claimed is:

1. An apparatus enhancing a contrast, the apparatus comprising:
a first operation part calculating an average and a standard deviation of an input image;
a second operation part calculating an average and a standard deviation of a target image based o n the average and the standard deviation of the input image; and
a mapping part converting a pixel value of the input image by a mapping function generated by receiving the averages and the standard deviations of the input image and the target image from the first operation part and the second operation part, respectively, and outputting a pixel value of an output image.
2. The apparatus as claimed in claim 1, further comprising:
a mapping range designation part providing a mapping part with a lowest upper bound and a highest lower bound with respect to the pixel value of the input image,
wherein the mapping part converts the pixel value of the input image, which exists between the lowest upper bound and the highest lower bound, using the mapping function.
3. The apparatus as claimed in claim 2, wherein the mapping part converts the pixel value of the input image using the mapping function selected from a plurality of mapping functions of respective lower regions formed by dividing a mapping region between the lowest upper bound and the highest lower bound based on the average of the input image.
4. The apparatus as claimed in claim 3, wherein the mapping part selects the mapping function used in converting the pixel value of the input image from the plurality of mapping functions using a following equation:
10
F
(
x
)
=

{
max
(
line
1

line

2
)
,
if
,

x
p
a
min
(
line

line

3
)
,
if
,

x
>

p
a
where, line 1a(xthreshold_low)threshold_low
11
line
2

=
(
b
a
(

x
–

p
a
)
+

p
b
)

,
and
line 3b(xthreshold_high)threshold_high.
5. The apparatus as claimed in claim 2, wherein the mapping function is expressed by a following equation:
12
y
=
(
b
a
)
(

x
–

p
a
)
+

x
–

p
a
)
+

p
b
where, x is the pixel value of the input image, y is the pixel value of the output image, a is the standard deviation of the input image, b is the standard deviation of the target image, a is the average of the input image, and b is the average of the target image.
8. The apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein the second operation part calculates the standard deviation of the target image using a following equation:
bm(1k)ka
kg(a128)
where, a is the standard deviation of the input image, a is the average of the input image, m is a predetermined variable of a standard deviation, k is a parameter between 0 and 1, and g( ) is a function to determine the parameter k,
wherein the parameter k converges to 0 as the average of the input image approaches 128, which is an average of a Gaussian distribution, and the parameter k converges to 1 as the average of the input image is distant from the average of the Gaussian distribution.
9. A method to enhance a contrast, the method comprising:
calculating an average and a standard deviation of an input image;
calculating an average and a standard deviation of a target image based on the average and the standard deviation of the input image;
generating a mapping function based on the average and the standard deviation of the input image and the average and the standard deviation of the target image; and
converting a pixel value of the input image using the generated mapping function and outputting a pixel value of an output image.
10. The method as claimed in claim 9, prior to converting the pixel value of the input image, the method further comprising:
designating a lowest upper bound and a highest lower bound with respect to the pixel value of the input image,
wherein the generation of the mapping function converts the pixel value of the input image, which exists between the lowest upper bound and the highest lower bound, using the mapping function.
11. The method as claimed in claim 10, wherein the pixel value of the input image is converted by the mapping function selected from a plurality of mapping functions of respective lower regions formed by dividing a mapping region between the lowest upper bound and the highest lower bound based on the average of the input image.
12. The method as claimed in claim 11, wherein the mapping function used in converting the pixel value of the input image from the plurality of mapping functions is selected using a following equation:
14
F
(
x
)
=

{
max
(

line1
,
line2

)
,
if
,
x
p
a
min
(

line2
,
line3

)
,
if
,
x

p
a
where, line 1a(xthreshold_low)threshold_low
15
line
2

=
(
b
a
(

x
–

p
a
)
+

p
b
)

,
and
line 3b(xthreshold_high)threshold_high.
13. The method as claimed in claim 10, wherein the mapping function is expressed by a following equation:
16
y
=
(
b
a
)
(

x
–

p
a
)
+

x
–

p
a
)
+

1. A charge pump comprising a plurality of serially connected cells for pumping and transferring charge along a series of nodes between the cells, each cell including:
a) a charge transfer diode connected between adjacent nodes and responsive to an increasing charge at one node in response to a first clock, \u03c61, or a second anti-phase second clock, \u03c62,
b) a charge transfer transistor connected between the adjacent nodes in parallel with the charge transfer diode and responsive to a third clock, \u03c63, within the period of clock \u03c61 or to a fourth clock \u03c64 within the period of clock \u03c62,
c) a recovery transistor for equalizing charge on the control terminal of the charge transfer transistor to charge on the input node during a recovery period, and
d) a pre charge diode coupling an input node to a control terminal of the charge transfer transistor to facilitate the conductance of the charge transfer transistor in response to the third clock (\u03c63) or the fourth clock (\u03c64),
whereby each charge transfer diode transfers charge from one node to a next node in response to one of said first and second clocks (\u03c61 or \u03c62) and each charge transfer transistor transfers residual trapped charge at the one node to the next node while the charge transfer diode is conducting charge.
2. The charge pump as defined by claim 1 wherein each diode comprises a diode NMOSFET and each charge transfer transistor comprises a NMOSFET.
3. A method of increasing efficiency in charge transfer in a charge pump having a plurality of serially connected diodes which sequentially respond to anti-phase pumping clocks (\u03c61, \u03c62) comprising the steps of:
a) providing for each diode a charge transfer transistor in parallel therewith between two adjacent nodes,
b) driving the charge transfer transistor to conduction during a time when the parallel diode is conducting, thereby transferring any residual trapped charge at one node through the charge transfer transistor to the next node,
c) coupling the control terminal of the charge transfer transistor to an input node in response to charge on an output node to thereby equalize charge on the control terminal and on the input node during a recovery period, and
d) precharging a control terminal of the charge transfer transistor to facilitate the conductance of the charge transfer transistor.
4. The method as defined by claim 3 wherein each diode comprises a diode connected NMOSFET and each charge transfer transistor comprises a NMOSFET.

The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.

1. An integrated circuit, comprising:
a plurality of processing elements;
a nearest neighbor communication network between at least some of the processing elements. The nearest neighbor network including storage registers for storing data transfer information; and
a second communication network, separate from the nearest neighbor network, the second communication network including at least two coupled switches also coupled to the nearest neighbor network
2. An integrated circuit according to claim 1, further comprising:
an internal communication network having programmatically selected inputs for sending data to individual execution units within the processing elements.
3. An integrated circuit according to claim 2, wherein an output of an individual execution unit may be coupled to an input of another individual execution unit.
4. An integrated circuit according to claim 2, wherein an output of an individual execution unit may be coupled to an input of the same individual execution unit through a crossbar switch.
5. An integrated circuit according to claim 2. further comprising one or more protocol registers in a data path of the internal communication network.
6. An integrated circuit according to claim 1, further comprising:
a third communication network including at least two coupled switches also coupled to the second communication network.
7. An integrated circuit according to claim 6 in which the switches of the second communication network and the switches of the third communication network both include data storage registers.
8. An integrated circuit, comprising:
a plurality of processor groups arranged in a regular repeating pattern in an available space;
a plurality of first communication paths each contained within a respective one of the plurality of processor groups;
a plurality of nearest neighbor communication paths each coupled between adjacent pairs of the plurality of processor groups; and
a plurality of second communication paths coupled between selected of the adjacent pairs of the plurality of processors, the second communication paths including a first set of switches; wherein data is stored and transfers through registers along at least one of the communication paths.
9. An integrated circuit according to claim 8 in which the first set of switches is dynamically configurable.
10. An integrated circuit according to claim 9 in which the first communication paths comprises a crossbar switch.
11. An integrated circuit according to claim 8, farther comprising:
a plurality of third communication paths coupled between selected of the first set of switches of the plurality of second communication path, and coupled between a second set of switches within the plurality of third communication paths.
12. An integrated circuit of claim 11 in which a first processor in a first of the plurality of processor groups can communicate to a second processor in a second of the plurality of processor groups through the one of the nearest neighbor communication paths, through one of the second communication paths, and through one of the third communication paths.
13. An integrated circuit of claim 8 in which at least one of the communication paths comprises a pair of unidirectional communication paths configured in opposite directions.
14. An integrated circuit of claim 13 in which each of the unidirectional communication paths includes forward protocol data and reverse protocol data.
15. An integrated circuit of claim 8 in which at least two of the first set of switches is connected by more than one separate data path in each direction.
16. A method of transferring data within an integrated circuit, comprising:
configuring an inter-process group communication network to connect an output from a first processor in a first group of processors to an input of a second processor in the first group of processors;
configuring a nearest neighbor communication network to connect an output from the first processor in the first group of processors to an input of a first processor in a second group of processors; and
configuring a second communication network that is separate from the nearest neighbor communication network to connect an output from a second processor in the first group of processors to an input of a second processor in the second group of processors.
17. The method of claim 16 in which configuring an inter-processor group communication network comprises writing data to a register.
18. The method of claim 16 in which configuring a second communication network comprises writing data to one or more programmable switches included within the second communication network.
19. The method of claim 16, further comprising sending data through at least one data register along the nearest neighbor communication network.
20. The method of claim 19, further comprising sending reverse protocol data through the at least one data register.

1461187217-1ab4193d-5b0a-4f57-ab29-5e396c4d5bd8

1461187207-5061aa16-1add-4a75-8e78-c5010d65da12