All The Claims

1. A method of producing an aqueous solution comprising of organically modified siloxanes and silanes by noble-metal-catalyzed reaction of
a) siloxanes andor silanes having at least one SiH group with
b) compounds which have one double bond per molecule,
wherein the reaction is carried out in

c) water as reaction medium.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein one or more siloxanes which have non-terminal SiH groups are used as component a).
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the reaction is catalyzed by metal complexes of subgroup VIII of the Periodic Table of the Elements.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the reaction is catalyzed by metal complexes of the platinum metals.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the reaction is catalyzed by metal complexes of the Karstedt type.
6. The method of claim 5, wherein the siloxane is of the general formula (I):
in which
R may be a hydrocarbon radical selected from the group consisting of a hydrocarbon radical having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a hydrocarbon radical having 1 to 4 carbon atoms and a methyl group,
R\u2032 may be hydrogen andor R,
m is selected from the ranges consisting of 0 to 500, 10 to 200, and 15 to 100,
n is selected from the ranges consisting of 0 to 60, 0 to 30, and 0.1 to 25,
k is selected from the ranges consisting of 0 to 10, and 0 to 4,
with the proviso that R\u2032 is at least once hydrogen.
7. The method of claim 6, wherein:
R is a methyl group,
R\u2032 is hydrogen andor R,
m is 15 to 100,
n is 0.1 to 25,
k is 0 to 4,
with the proviso that R\u2032 is at least once hydrogen.
8. The method of claim 5, wherein compounds according to b) having one double bond per molecule are compounds of the general formula CH2\u2550CH\u2014(CH2)b\u2014Rb (III),
in which
b may be 0 or 1 and
Rb is a hydrocarbon radical \u2014(O)x\u2032\u2014RIV
in which
x\u2032 is 0 or 1,
RIV may be selected from the group consisting of an optionally substituted hydrocarbon radical having 7 to 47 carbon atoms, or Rb is a polyether radical of the general formula \u2014O\u2014PE,
in which
PE is any desired homo- or copolyether with blockwise arrangement or random distribution of the polyether segments \u2014(CH2\u2014CH(RS)O)\u2014R\u2033
in which
R\u2033 is a hydrogen radical, or an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms; the group \u2014C(O)\u2014R\u2032\u2033 where R\u2032\u2033=alkyl radicals; the group \u2014CH2\u2014O\u2014R\u2032; an alkylaryl group, such as the benzyl group; the group \u2014C(O)NH\u2014R\u2032, \u2014SO3\u2212K+\u2014COO\u2212K+ and K+ is hydrogen or an organic or inorganic cation and
Rs may be identical or different and is hydrogen, C1-4-alkyl or aryl radicals.
9. The method of claim 8, wherein the compounds according to b) are selected from the group consisting of:
CH2\u2550CH\u2014CH2\u2014O\u2014(CH2\u2014CH2O\u2014)x\u2014(CH2\u2014CH(R\u2032)O\u2014)y\u2014(SO)z\u2014R\u2033;
CH2\u2550CH\u2014O\u2014(CH2\u2014CH2O\u2014)x\u2014(CH2\u2014CH(R\u2032)O\u2014)y\u2014R\u2033;
CH2\u2550CH\u2014CH2\u2014RIV; and
CH2\u2550CH\u2014(O)x\u2032\u2014RIV;
in which
x=0 to 100,
x\u2032=0 or 1,
y=0 to 100,
z=0 to 100,
R\u2032 is an optionally substituted alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms and
R\u2033 is a hydrogen radical or an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms; the group \u2014C(O)\u2014R\u2032\u2033 where R\u2032\u2033=alkyl radical; the group \u2014CH2\u2014O\u2014R\u2032; an alkylaryl group, such as the benzyl group; the group \u2014C(O)NH\u2014R\u2032, \u2014SO3\u2212K+, \u2014COO\u2212K+ where K+=hydrogen or an organic or inorganic cation,
RIV is selected from the group consisting of an optionally substituted hydrocarbon radical having 7 to 47, and 13 to 37, carbon atoms,
SO is the radical \u2014CH(C6H5)\u2014CH2\u2014O\u2014.
10. The method of claim 7, wherein the compounds according to b) are selected from the group consisting of:
CH2\u2550CH\u2014CH2\u2014O\u2014(CH2\u2014CH2O\u2014)x\u2014(CH2\u2014CH(R\u2032)O\u2014)y\u2014(SO)z\u2014R\u2033;
CH2\u2550CH\u2014O\u2014(CH2\u2014CH2O\u2014)x\u2014(CH2\u2014CH(R\u2032)O\u2014)y\u2014R\u2033;
CH2\u2550CH\u2014CH2RIV; and
CH2\u2550CH\u2014(O)x\u2032\u2014RIV;
in which
x=0 to 100,
x\u2032=0 or 1,
y=0 to 100,
z=0 to 100,
R\u2032 is an optionally substituted alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms and
R\u2033 is a hydrogen radical or an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms; the group \u2014C(O)\u2014R\u2032\u2033 where R\u2032\u2033=alkyl radical; the group \u2014CH2\u2014O\u2014R\u2032; an alkylaryl group, such as the benzyl group; the group \u2014C(O)NH\u2014R\u2032, \u2014SO3\u2212K+, \u2014COO\u2212K+ where K+=hydrogen or an organic or inorganic cation,
RIV is selected from the group consisting of an optionally substituted hydrocarbon radical having 7 to 47, and 13 to 37, carbon atoms,
SO is the radical \u2014CH(C6H5)\u2014CH2\u2014O\u2014.
11. The method of claim 8, wherein RIV may be selected from the group consisting of an optionally substituted hydrocarbon radical having 13 to 37 carbon atoms.
12. The method of claim 2, wherein the reaction is catalyzed by metal complexes of the platinum metals.
13. The method of claim 12, wherein the composition is odorless.
14. The method of claim 13, wherein the amount of water is at least 50% by weight of the total weight of a), b) and c).

The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.

1. A metal separator for a fuel cell, comprising:
a plurality of flow passage grooves for flowing a fluid for operating the fuel cell;
manifold holes provided on each side of an upper stream and a lower stream of the plurality of flow passage grooves and formed so as to penetrate a separator made of metal for the fuel cell;
communication grooves formed on a separator surface of the separator, for connecting inletsoutlets of the plurality of flow passage grooves and the manifold holes to flow the fluid;
a fluid flowing structure part made of metal, in which a through hole is formed on the separator surface that forms the communication grooves, formed in the vicinity of the manifold hole so as to traverse the communication groove; and
a flat seal surface formed on the fluid flowing structure part, for sealing a surface of a member that shields an opening of the communication grooves in a state of a face contact.
2. The metal separator for the fuel cell according to claim 1, wherein the fluid flowing structure part has a flat-shaped seal member provided in parallel to the separator surface for forming the communication groove so as to be apart from the separator surface, the seal member forming the flat seal surface.
3. The metal separator for the fuel cell according to claim 1, wherein a reinforcing member for reinforcing the fluid flowing structure part is provided in the part of the through hole.
4. The metal separator for the fuel cell according to claim 3, wherein the reinforcing member is formed into a sectional arch-like member.
5. The metal separator for the fuel cell according to claim 3, wherein the reinforcing members are provided along the communication groove in a longitudinal direction thereof, and a plurality of reinforcing members are arranged at predetermined intervals in a transverse direction of the communication groove.
6. The metal separator for the fuel cell according to claim 1, wherein the fluid flowing structure part is formed separately from the separator, and is attached to the communication groove.
7. The metal separator for the fuel cell according to claim 1, wherein the fluid flowing structure part is formed by processing including folding of a part of the separator.
8. The metal separator for the fuel cell according to claim 1, wherein the fluid passage grooves have a cross-sectional face having a continuous trapezoidal waveform structure.
9. The metal separator for the fuel cell according to claim 1, wherein the communication grooves have a width gradually increasing toward inletoutlet sides of the plurality of flow passage grooves from the manifold holes side.
10. The metal separator for the fuel cell according to claim 1, wherein both side faces of the communication groove are formed by gaskets attached to the surface of the separator.
11. The metal separator for the fuel cell according to claim 1, wherein a Ti plate material or a Ti clad material having thickness of 50 \u03bcm or more and 0.2 mm or less is used in the fluid flowing structure part.

1. An image forming apparatus, comprising:
a receiving unit that receives information requesting data;
a controlling unit that, in a normal mode, generates first response data after receiving the information requesting data;
an information accumulating unit that accumulates information associated with the first response data;
a sleep mode response data generating unit that, in a sleep mode, generates second response data based on the accumulated information;
a transmitting unit that transmits one of the first response data and the second response data;
a sleep mode response output unit that transmits one of the first response data and the second response data to the transmitting unit or the information accumulating unit; and
a sleep mode response control unit that (i) in the normal mode, transmits to the transmitting unit and the information accumulating unit the first response data that is transmitted from the controlling unit via the sleep mode response output unit, and (ii) in the sleep mode, transmits to the transmitting unit the second response data that is transmitted from the sleep mode response data generating unit via the sleep mode response output unit.
2. The image forming apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising a sleep mode response input unit that receives an input comprising the information requesting data, wherein (i) in the normal mode, the sleep mode response control unit transmits to the controlling unit the information requesting data, and (ii) in the sleep mode, the sleep mode response control unit transmits to the sleep mode response data generating unit the information requesting data.
3. The image forming apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising:
a power supply unit that supplies power to a CPU including the controlling unit in the normal mode; and
a power supply control unit that controls the power supply unit to be turned on in the normal mode and turned off in the sleep mode.
4. The image forming apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising a storage unit that stores the information associated with the first response data, wherein the information accumulating unit, in the normal mode, retrieves the information from the first response data, and stores the information in the storage unit.
5. The image forming apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising a controller and a sleep mode responding unit, wherein in the normal mode, the first response data is stored in a random-access memory (RAM) of the controller, and wherein in the sleep mode, the second response data is stored in a storage unit of the sleep mode responding unit.
6. The image forming apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the information accumulating unit receives the first response data, and if the first response data comprises simple network management protocol (SNMP) response data, the information accumulating unit retrieves an object identifier (OID) from the first response data and stores the SNMP response data and the OID in an SNMP response information table.
7. A method executed by an image forming apparatus, comprising:
receiving by a receiving unit information requesting data;
generating by a controlling unit, in a normal mode, first response data after receiving the information requesting data;
accumulating by an information accumulating unit information associated with the first response data generated in the normal mode;
generating by a sleep mode response data generating unit, in a sleep mode, second response data based on the information accumulated in the normal mode;
transmitting by a transmitting unit one of the first response data and the second response data;
transmitting by a sleep mode response output unit one of the first response data and the second response data to the transmitting unit or the information accumulating unit;
transmitting, in the normal mode, by a sleep mode response control unit to the transmitting unit and the information accumulating unit the first response data that is transmitted from the controlling unit via the sleep mode response output unit; and
transmitting, in the sleep mode, by the sleep mode response control unit to the transmitting unit the second response data that is transmitted from the sleep mode response data generating unit via the sleep mode response output unit.
8. A method according to claim 7, further comprising:
controlling to supply power to a CPU in the image forming apparatus by turning the power on in the normal mode; and
controlling to supply power to the CPU by turning the power off in the sleep mode.
9. The method of claim 7, further comprising:
receiving by a sleep mode response input unit the information requesting data;
transmitting, in the normal mode, by the sleep mode response control unit to the controlling unit the information requesting data; and
transmitting, in the sleep mode, by the sleep mode response control unit to the sleep mode response data generating unit the information requesting data.
10. The method of claim 7, further comprising:
retrieving, in the normal mode, by the information accumulating unit the information associated with the first response data from the first response data; and
storing the information in a storage unit.
11. The method of claim 7, further comprising:
storing, in the normal mode, by a controller the first response data in a random-access memory (RAM) of the controller; and
storing, in the sleep mode, by a sleep mode responding unit the second response data in a storage unit of the sleep mode responding unit.
12. The method of claim 7, further comprising receiving by the information accumulating unit the first response data, wherein if the first response data comprises simple network management protocol (SNMP) response data, the method further comprises:
retrieving by the information accumulating unit an object identifier (OID) from the first response data; and
storing by the information accumulating unit the SNMP response data and the OID in an SNMP response information table.

The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.

1. A method of encoding multi-channel signals formed with a left channel signal and a right channel signal, the method comprising:
using a processor to perform:
calculating a similarity between the left channel signal and the right channel signal; and
encoding the multi-channel signals into a first signal and a second signal in response to the similarity;
wherein, if the similarity is equal to or greater than a predetermined value, the first signal is calculated using one of the left channel signal or the right channel signal, and the second signal is calculated using a combination of the left channel signal and the right channel signal,
wherein, if the similarity is less than a predetermined value, the first signal is a sum signal of the left channel signal and the right channel signal, and the second signal is a difference signal of the left channel signal and the right channel signal.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein, if the similarity is equal to or greater than a predetermined value, the first signal comprises only the left channel signal or only the right channel signal.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein, if the similarity is equal to or greater than a predetermined value, the second signal comprises a difference signal of the left channel signal and the right channel signal.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the calculating of the similarity comprises calculating a ratio of a mean power of the left channel signal and a mean power of the right channel signal.
5. The method of claim 4, wherein, if the similarity is equal to or greater than predetermined value, the multi-channel signals are encoded into the first signal and the second signal in response to the calculated ratio being a value in a predetermined range with respect to 1.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein the calculating of the similarity comprises calculating a ratio of a scale factor of the left channel signal and a scale factor of the right channel signal.
7. The method of claim 6, wherein, if the similarity is equal to or greater than a predetermined value, the multi-channel signals are encoded into the first signal and the second signal in response to the calculated ratio being a value in a predetermined range with respect to 1.
8. The method of claim 1, wherein the calculating of the similarity comprises calculating a ratio of a masking threshold of the left channel signal and a masking threshold of the right channel signal.
9. The method of claim 8, wherein, if the similarity is equal to or greater than a predetermined value, the multi-channel signals are encoded into the first signal and the second signal in response to the calculated ratio being a value in a predetermined range with respect to 1.
10. A method of decoding a first signal and a second signal into multi-channel signals formed with two or more channels, the method comprising:
using a processor to perform:
decoding a first channel signal among the multi-channel signals by performing a first operation with the first signal; and
decoding a second channel signal among the multi-channel signals by performing a second operation with a combination of the first signal and the second signal,
wherein the first signal is encoded using only the first channel signal and the second signal is encoded using a combination of the first channel signal and the second channel signal, if a similarity between the first channel signal and the second channel signal is equal to or greater than a predetermined value.
11. The method of claim 10, wherein the first channel signal comprises only the first signal.
12. The method of claim 10, wherein the first channel signal and the second channel signal comprise a left channel signal and a right channel signal, respectively.
13. The method of claim 12, wherein the left channel signal or the right channel signal comprises the first signal.
14. At least one non-transitory computer readable medium storing instructions that control at least one processor to perform a method of encoding multi-channel signals formed with a left channel signal and a right channel signal, the method comprising:
calculating a similarity between the left channel signal and the right channel signal; and
encoding the multi-channel signals into a first signal and a second signal in response to the similarity;
wherein, if the similarity is equal to or greater than a predetermined value, the first signal is calculated using one of the left channel signal or the right channel signal, and the second signal is calculated using a combination of the left channel signal and the right channel signal,
wherein, if the similarity is less than a predetermined value, the first signal is a sum signal of the left channel signal and the right channel signal, and the second signal is a difference signal of the left channel signal and the right channel signal.
15. At least one non-transitory computer readable medium storing instructions that control at least one processor to perform a method of decoding a first signal and a second signal into multi-channel signals formed with two or more channels, the method comprising:
decoding a first channel signal among the multi-channel signals with the first signal from among a plurality of channel signals in the multi-channel signals; and
decoding a second channel signal among the multi-channel signals by performing a second operation with a combination of the first signal and the second signal,
wherein the first signal is encoded using only the first channel signal and the second signal is encoded using a combination of the first channel signal and the second channel signal, if a similarity between the first channel signal and the second channel signal is equal to or greater than a predetermined value.
16. An apparatus to encode multi-channel signals formed with a left channel signal and a right channel signal, comprising:
a similarity calculation unit to calculate a similarity between the left channel signal and the right channel signal; and
an encoder, controlled by a processor, to encode the multi-channel signals into a first signal and a second signal in response to the similarity;
wherein, if the similarity equal to or greater than a predetermined value, the encoder generates the first signal with one of the left channel signal or the right channel signal, and generates the second signal by performing a second operation with a combination of the left channel signal and the right channel signal,
wherein, if the similarity is less than a predetermined value, the first signal is a sum signal of the left channel signal and the right channel signal, and the second signal is a difference signal of the left channel signal and the right channel signal.
17. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein, if the similarity is equal to or greater than a predetermined value, the first signal comprises only the left channel signal or only the right channel signal.
18. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein, if the similarity is equal to or greater than a predetermined value, the second signal is generated by performing a differential operation of the left channel signal and the right channel signal.
19. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein the similarity calculation unit calculates a ratio of a mean power of the left channel signal and a mean power of the right channel signal.
20. The apparatus of claim 19, wherein, if the similarity is equal to or greater than a predetermined value, the encoder encodes the multi-channel signals into the first signal and the second signal in response to the calculated ratio being a value in a predetermined range with respect to 1.
21. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein the similarity calculation unit calculates a ratio of a scale factor of the left channel signal and a scale factor of the right channel signal.
22. The apparatus of claim 21, wherein, if the similarity is equal to or greater than a predetermined value, the encoder encodes the multi-channel signals into the first signal and the second signal in response to the calculated ratio being a value in a predetermined range with respect to 1.
23. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein the similarity calculation unit calculates a ratio of a masking threshold of the left channel signal and a masking threshold of the right channel signal.
24. The apparatus of claim 23, wherein, if the similarity is equal to or greater than a predetermined value, the encoder encodes the multi-channel signals into the first signal and the second signal in response to the calculated ratio being a value in a predetermined range with respect to 1.
25. An apparatus to decode a first signal and a second signal into multi-channel signals formed with two or more channels, comprising:
a first decoding unit, controlled by a processor, to receive the first signal and decode a first channel signal among the multi-channel signals by performing a first operation with the first signal; and
a second decoding unit to receive the first signal and the second signal and decode a second channel signal among the multi-channel signals by performing a second operation with a combination of the first signal and the second signal,
wherein the first signal is encoded using only the first channel signal and the second signal is encoded using a combination of the first channel signal and the second channel signal, if a similarity between the first channel signal and the second channel signal is equal to or greater than a predetermined value.
26. The apparatus of claim 25, wherein the first channel signal comprises only the first signal.
27. The apparatus of claim 25, wherein the first channel signal and the second channel signal comprise a left channel signal and a right channel signal, respectively.
28. The apparatus of claim 27, wherein the left channel signal or the right channel signal comprises the first signal.
29. A method of encoding multi-channel signals formed with a left channel signal and a right channel signal, the method comprising:
using a processor to perform:
determining a similarity between the left and right channel signals; and
encoding the multi-channel signals into a first signal and a second signal in response to the similarity being equal to or greater than a predetermined value,
wherein the first signal comprises only the left channel signal or only the right channel signal,
wherein the second signal comprises a combination of the left and right channel signals.
30. The method of claim 29, wherein the multi-channel signals comprise audio andor video signals.