All The Claims

1. An operating device of an electronic apparatus comprising:
a rotatable operating knob protruding from a panel; and
stopper means for preventing rotational operation of the operating knob,
wherein, when the power of the electronic apparatus is turned off, the rotational operation of the operating knob is prevented by a stopper part of the stopper means,
when the power of the electronic apparatus is turned on, the rotational operation of the operating knob can be performed by releasing the stopper part of the stopper means, and
the power of the electronic apparatus is at least turned off by operation of an engine key of a vehicle.
2. The operating device of an electronic apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the power of the electronic apparatus is turned on by the operation of the engine key of the vehicle, such that the rotational operation of the operating knob can be performed.
3. The operating device of an electronic apparatus according to claim 1, the device further comprising:
a switch unit which is manually operable for turning on or off the power of the electronic apparatus,
wherein, when the power of the electronic apparatus is turned on by an operation of the switch unit, the operating knob can rotate by releasing the stopper part of the stopper means, and
when the power of the electronic apparatus is turned off by the operation of the switch unit, the rotational operation of the operating knob is prevented by the stopper part of the stopper means.
4. The operating device of an electronic apparatus according to claim 3,
wherein, when the power of the electronic apparatus can be turned on by the operation of the engine key or by the operation of the switch unit, turning onoff of the power of the electronic apparatus can be performed by the switch unit, and
when the power of the electronic apparatus is turned off from ON state by the operation of the engine key, the rotational operation of the operating knob is prevented by the stopper part of the stopper means.
5. The operating device of an electronic apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the stopper means has a solenoid.
6. The operating device of an electronic apparatus according to claim 1,
wherein the operating device has a plurality of the operating knobs and a plurality of the stopper means; and
the stopper means are arranged correspondingly to the respective operating knobs.
7. The operating device of an electronic apparatus according to claim 5, wherein the operating knob is attached to a rotatable member of a rotary electrical component, and the stopper means are arranged correspondingly to the operating knob or the rotatable member.
8. An operating device of an electronic apparatus comprising:
a rotatable operating knob protruding from a panel; and
a stopper having a stopper part operative to prevent rotational operation of the operating knob when the power of the electronic apparatus is turned off and operative to permit rotational operation of the operating knob when the power of the electronic apparatus is turned on by release of the stopper part,
wherein an engine key of a vehicle is operative to at least turn off the power of the electronic apparatus.
9. The operating device of an electronic apparatus according to claim 8, wherein the engine key is operative to turn on the power of the electronic apparatus such that the rotational operation of the operating knob is performable.
10. The operating device of an electronic apparatus according to claim 8, further comprising a manually operable switch unit which is operable to turn on or off the power of the electronic apparatus such that when the power of the electronic apparatus is turned on by an operation of the switch unit, the operating knob is rotatable by releasing the stopper part of the stopper, and when the power of the electronic apparatus is turned off by the operation of the switch unit, the rotational operation of the operating knob is prevented by the stopper part of the stopper.
11. The operating device of an electronic apparatus according to claim 8, wherein the stopper further comprises a solenoid.
12. The operating device of an electronic apparatus according to claim 8,
wherein the operating device has a plurality of the operating knobs and a plurality of the stoppers; and
the stoppers are arranged correspondingly to the respective operating knobs.
13. The operating device of an electronic apparatus according to claim 12, wherein the operating knobs are each attached to a rotatable member of a rotary electrical component, and each stopper is arranged correspondingly to the operating knob or the rotatable member.

The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.

1. An external modulator monitoring device for monitoring an external modulator, comprising:
a mixing unit to mix optical signals modulated by the external modulator and optical signals not modulated by the external modulator, so as to obtain a multiple branches of mixed optical signals;
an electrical differential unit to convert the multiple branches of mixed optical signals into corresponding multiple branches of electrical signals, and perform a differential processing on voltages of the multiple branches of electrical signals to obtain differential signals; and
a power detection unit to detect power of the differential signals;
wherein
the mixing unit is a 3\xd73 optical coupler to mix optical signals modulated by the external modulator and optical signals not modulated by the external modulator into three branches of mixed optical signals;
the electrical differential unit is a differential filter unit comprising:
three photovoltaic transformers respectively to convert the three branches of mixed optical signals into electrical signals, so as to obtain three branches of electrical signals;
three filters respectively to filter the three branches of electrical signals, so as to obtain three branches of filtered electrical signals;
three differential units to obtain differences between the voltages of every two branches of filtered electrical signals among the three branches of filtered electrical signals, so as to obtain three branches of differential signals,
the power detection unit comprising:
three squarers respectively to square the three branches of differential signals, so as to obtain three branches of square values; and
an adder to obtain a sum of the three branches of square values.
2. An external modulator monitoring device for monitoring an external modulator, comprising:
a mixing unit to mix optical signals modulated by the external modulator and optical signals not modulated by the external modulator, so as to obtain a multiple branches of mixed optical signals;
an electrical differential unit to convert the multiple branches of mixed optical signals into corresponding multiple branches of electrical signals, and perform a differential processing on voltages of the multiple branches of electrical signals to obtain differential signals; and
a power detection unit to detect power of the differential signals;
wherein
the mixing unit is a 3\xd73 optical coupler to mix optical signals modulated by the external modulator and optical signals not modulated by the external modulator into three branches of mixed optical signals;
the electrical differential unit is a differential filter unit comprising:
three photovoltaic transformers respectively to convert the three branches of mixed optical signals into electrical signals, so as to obtain three branches of electrical signals;
three differential units to obtain differences between the voltages of every two branches of electrical signals among the three branches of electrical signals, so as to obtain three branches of differential signals,
three filters respectively to filter the three branches of differential signals, so as to obtain three branches of filtered differential signals;
the power detection unit comprising:
three squarers respectively to square the three branches of filtered differential signals, so as to obtain three branches of square values; and
an adder to obtain a sum of the three branches of square values.
3. The external modulator monitoring device according to claim 1 or claim 2, wherein the mixing unit is a symmetrical mixing unit.
4. The external modulator monitoring device according to claim 1 or claim 2, wherein the external modulator is a single MZ modulator or a multi-branch MZ modulator.
5. An external modulator monitoring method for monitoring an external modulator, comprising:
mixing optical signals modulated by the external modulator and optical signals not modulated by the external modulator, so as to obtain a multiple branches of mixed optical signals;
converting the multiple branches of mixed optical signals into corresponding multiple branches of electrical signals;
performing a differential processing on voltages of the multiple branches of electrical signals to obtain differential signals; and
detecting power of the differential signals;
wherein
the mixing mixes optical signals modulated by the external modulator and optical signals not modulated by the external modulator into three branches of mixed optical signals;
the performing comprising:
respectively converting the three branches of mixed optical signals into electrical signals, so as to obtain three branches of electrical signals;
respectively filtering the three branches of electrical signals, so as to obtain three branches of filtered electrical signals;
obtaining differences between the voltages of every two branches of filtered electrical signals among the three branches of filtered electrical signals, so as to obtain three branches of differential signals,
the detecting comprising:
respectively squaring the three branches of differential signals, so as to obtain three branches of square values; and
obtaining a sum of the three branches of square values.

1. A method for dosing fibres into concrete or similar materials, comprising:
providing an enclosed elongated package;
filling the elongated package with fibres via a filling machine, wherein the amount of fibres per unit length of the elongated package is predetermined;
aligning the fibres with relation to each other when filled into the elongated package;
transporting the elongated package via a transport box;
feeding the elongated package from the transport box to a mixer;
opening the elongated package;
emptying the fibres into the mixer; and
dosing a defined amount of fibres to the mixer by at least one of adjusting the speed of feeding the elongated package to the mixer or counting the number of length units of the elongated package passing a starting point.
2. A method according to claim 1, further comprising:
feeding the elongated package from the transport box to the mixer by a feeder, and
opening the elongated package over an aggregate belt, a conveyer belt, a skip, a weigh hopper, a truckmixer or a premixer.
3. A method according to claim 1, wherein the feeding is performed by a feeder selected from the group comprising conveyer belts, friction rolls or belts, pintractor means, pin wheels, chains with pins, apron feeders, and combinations thereof.
4. A method according claim 1, further comprising at least one of winding the elongated package on rolls, or feeding the elongated package into disposal sacks, after opening the elongated package.
5. A method according to claim 1, further comprising joining an additional elongated package to a previous one to obtain a continuous process of dosing fibres into the concrete.
6. A method according to claim 1, wherein the elongated package is tubular.
7. A system for performing the method of claim 1, wherein the system comprises the elongated package filled with fibres, a feeder for feeding the elongated package to a high position, an opening device for opening the elongated package, and a groove for transporting the fibres to the material to be reinforced.
8. A system according to claim 7, wherein the system further comprises an additional feeder for feeding the elongated package into the transport box when the elongated package has been filled with fibres.
9. A system according to claim 7, wherein the system further comprises an aggregate belt, a weight belt, a truckmixer, a skip or a premixer.

The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.

1. An optochemical sensor functioning in accordance with the FRET-principle and exhibiting an acceptor (chromophore or luminophore) responsive to an analyte contained in a sample medium as well as a donor (luminophore), characterized in that acceptor and donor are located in separate chemical phases, whereby the phase containing the donor is essentially impermeable to the sample medium or to components of the sample medium affecting the luminescence characteristics of the luminophore.
2. A sensor according to claim 1, characterized in that donor and acceptor are each present in a matrix material, whereby the matrix material of the acceptor and donor phases is provided in mixed form or in the form of a thin layer (sensor layer), respectively.
3. A sensor according to claim 2, characterized in that the sensor layer is attached to a transparent substrate or to a light guide.
4. A sensor according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that an optical insulation layer permeable to the analyte and located between the sensor layer and the substance to be analyzed is provided.
5. A sensor according to any of claims 2 to 4, characterized in that the sensor layer consists of a thin porous material, the pores of that material containing the matrix material of the donor phase and the matrix material of the acceptor phase (FIG. 5).
6. A sensor according to any of claims 2 to 4, characterized in that the sensor layer is composed of a thin film, said thin film representing the matrix material of the acceptor phase (FIG. 6).
7. A sensor according to claim 6, characterized in that the matrix material of the donor phase is provided in homogeneously distributed fashion in the matrix material of the acceptor phase.
8. A sensor according to any of claims 2 to 7, characterized in that the donor phase is provided in the form of particles.
9. A sensor according to claim 8, characterized in that the acceptor molecules are attached to the surface of the particles of the donor phase.
10. A sensor according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that unplasticized polymers are used as a material for the donor phase.
11. A sensor according to claim 10, characterized in that polyacryl nitrile and derivatives thereof, PVC andor polyvinylidene chloride are used as polymers.
12. A sensor according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that polyvinyl chloride, polystyrenes, polycarbonates, polyethylenes, polyurethanes, silicones, copolymers of polyvinyl alcohol and polyvinyl acetate, copolymers of polyvinyl chloride, polyvinyl alcohol and polyvinyl acetate, cellulose, polyurethanes with hydrophilic groups, polyhydroxyethylmethacrylates, crosslinked polyvinyl alcohols, andor polyacrylamides, optionally with up to 80% of plasticizer, are used as materials for the acceptor phase.
13. A method for qualitative andor quantitative determination of at least one analyte andor component of a gaseous or liquid measuring medium according to the FRET-principle, characterized by the use of a sensor according to any of claims 1 to 12.
14. A method according to claim 13, characterized in that it is carried out for the determination of the pH-value of a sample, for the determination of concentrations andor activities of ions in a sample or for the determination of components exhibiting acid or alkaline reactions in aqueous media while being gaseous under normal conditions.
15. A method according to claim 14, characterized in that it is carried out for the determination of concentrations andor activities of Li, Na, K, Mg, Ca or Cl.
16. A method according to claim 14, characterized in that it is carried out for the determination of CO2 or NH3 in a liquid measuring medium.
17. A method according to any of claims 13 to 16, characterized in that the measuring medium is a body fluid, in particular blood, plasma or serum.
18. A method according to any of claims 13 to 17, characterized in that the sensor is used as a transducer.
19. A method according to claim 18, characterized in that an enzymatical sensor is used.