All The Claims

1. A DC to DC converter for converting a DC input voltage to a DC output voltage, said DC to DC converter comprising:
an inductor for receiving said DC input voltage and a current flowing through said inductor;
a controller coupled to said inductor and comprising a capacitor having a voltage capable of emulating said current of said inductor in a continuous current mode and a discontinuous current mode, wherein said controller is capable of generating at least one pulse frequency modulation signal according to a first comparison between said voltage of said capacitor and a first predetermined level and according to a second comparison between said voltage of said capacitor and a second predetermined level;
at least one switch coupled to said inductor, wherein said at least one switch is controlled by said at least one pulse frequency modulation signal from said controller and provides said DC output voltage; and
a feedback circuit coupled to said inductor, wherein said feedback circuit selectively senses said DC output voltage or a voltage at a terminal of said at least one switch and generates a feedback signal.
2. A DC to DC converter for converting a DC input voltage to a DC output voltage, said DC to DC converter comprising:
an inductor for receiving said DC input voltage and a current flowing through said inductor;
a controller coupled to said inductor and capable of generating at least one pulse frequency modulation signal;
at least one switch coupled to said inductor, wherein said at least one switch is controlled by said at least one pulse frequency modulation signal from said controller and provides said DC output voltage; and
a feedback circuit coupled to said inductor, wherein said feedback circuit selectively senses said DC output voltage or a voltage at a terminal of said at least one switch and generates a feedback signal;
wherein said controller comprises:
a capacitor having a voltage that is capable of emulating said current of said inductor in a continuous current mode and a discontinuous current mode;
an activation generator capable of providing a first pulse signal;
a disactivation generator capable of providing a second pulse signal;
a control logic circuit coupled to said activation generator and said disactivation generator, wherein said control logic circuit is triggered by said feedback signal from said feedback circuit and is capable of receiving said first pulse signal, said second pulse signal and said feedback signal and generating a charge current, a discharge current and a plurality of control signals; and
a driver for receiving said plurality of control signals from said control logic circuit and generating said at least one pulse frequency modulation signal to control said at least one switch.
3. The DC to DC converter of claim 2, wherein said first pulse signal has a first duration, said first duration is determined by said charge current, said capacitor is charged by said charge current during said first duration, and said charge current is proportional to said DC input voltage during said first duration.
4. The DC to DC converter of claim 3, wherein said inductor is charged when said at least one switch is turned on during said first duration, and wherein a rate of change in current with time of said inductor is proportional to said DC input voltage during said first duration.
5. The DC to DC converter of claim 2, wherein said second pulse signal has a second duration, said second duration depends on said feedback signal from said feedback circuit, said second duration includes a discharging duration and a skip duration, said discharging duration is determined by said discharge current, said capacitor is discharged by said discharge current during said discharging duration, and said discharge current is proportional to voltage variance between said DC output voltage and said DC input voltage during said discharging duration.
6. The DC to DC converter of claim 5, wherein said inductor is discharged when said at least one switch is turned off during said discharging duration, and wherein a rate of change in current with time of said inductor is proportional to said voltage variance between said DC output voltage and said DC input voltage during said discharging duration.
7. The DC to DC converter of claim 6, wherein said voltage of said capacitor reaches a lowest value after said discharging duration, said current of said inductor is discharged to zero after said discharging duration, and said at least one switch is turned off in said skip duration.
8. The DC to DC converter of claim 7, wherein said voltage of said capacitor emulates said current of said inductor during said discharging duration.
9. An electronic device comprising:
a DC to DC converter for converting a DC input voltage to a DC output voltage, said DC to DC converter comprising:
an inductor for receiving said DC input voltage and a current flowing through said inductor;
a controller coupled to said inductor and comprising a capacitor having a voltage that is capable of emulating said current of said inductor in a continuous current mode and a discontinuous current mode, wherein said controller is capable of generating at least one pulse frequency modulation signal according to a first comparison between said voltage of said capacitor and a first predetermined level and according to a second comparison between said voltage of said capacitor and a second predetermined level;
at least one switch coupled to said inductor, wherein said at least one switch is controlled by said at least one pulse frequency modulation signal from said controller and provides said DC output voltage; and
a feedback circuit coupled to said inductor, wherein said feedback circuit selectively senses said DC output voltage or a voltage at a terminal of said at least one switch and generates a feedback signal.
10. An electronic device comprising:
a DC to DC converter for converting a DC input voltage to a DC output voltage, said DC to DC converter comprising:
an inductor for receiving said DC input voltage and a current flowing through said inductor;
a controller coupled to said inductor and capable of generating at least one pulse frequency modulation signal;
at least one switch coupled to said inductor, wherein said at least one switch is controlled by said at least one pulse frequency modulation signal from said controller and provides said DC output voltage; and
a feedback circuit coupled to said inductor, wherein said feedback circuit selectively senses said DC output voltage or a voltage at a terminal of said at least one switch and generates a feedback signal;
wherein said controller comprises:
a capacitor having a voltage that is capable of emulating said current of said inductor in a continuous current mode and a discontinuous current mode;
an activation generator capable of providing a first pulse signal;
a disactivation generator capable of providing a second pulse signal;
a control logic circuit coupled to said activation generator and said disactivation generator, wherein said control logic circuit is triggered by said feedback signal from said feedback circuit and is capable of receiving said first pulse signal, said second pulse signal and said feedback signal and generating a charge current, a discharge current and a plurality of control signals; and
a driver for receiving said plurality of control signals from said control logic circuit and generating said at least one pulse frequency modulation signal to control said at least one switch.
11. The electronic device of claim 10, wherein said first pulse signal has a first duration, said first duration is determined by said charge current, said capacitor is charged by said charge current during said first duration, and said charge current is proportional to said DC input voltage during said first duration.
12. The electronic device of claim 11, wherein said inductor is charged when said at least one switch is turned on during said first duration, wherein a rate of change in current with time of said inductor is proportional to said DC input voltage during said first duration.
13. The electronic device of claim 10, wherein said second pulse signal has a second duration, said second duration depends on said feedback signal from said feedback circuit, said second duration includes a discharging duration and a skip duration, said discharging duration is determined by said discharge current, said capacitor is discharged by said discharge current during said discharging duration, and said discharge current is proportional to voltage variance between said DC output voltage and said DC input voltage during said discharging duration.
14. The electronic device of claim 13,wherein said inductor is discharged when said at least one switch is turned off during said discharging duration, wherein a rate of change in current with time of said inductor is proportional to said voltage variance between said DC output voltage and said DC input voltage during said discharging duration.
15. The electronic device of claim 14, wherein said voltage of said capacitor reaches a lowest value after said discharging duration, said current of said inductor is discharged to zero after said discharging duration, and said at least one switch is turned off in said skip duration.
16. The electronic device of claim 15, wherein said voltage of said capacitor emulates said current of said inductor during said discharging duration.
17. A boost DC to DC converter for converting a DC input voltage to a DC output voltage higher than said DC input voltage, said boost DC to DC converter comprising:
an inductor for receiving said DC input voltage and a current flowing through said inductor;
a controller coupled to said inductor and comprising a capacitor having a voltage that is capable of emulating said current of said inductor in a continuous current mode and a discontinuous current mode, wherein said controller is capable of generating a first pulse frequency modulation signal and a second pulse frequency modulation signal according to a first comparison between said voltage of said capacitor and a first predetermined level and according to a second comparison between said voltage of said capacitor and a second predetermined level;
a high side switch and a low side switch coupled to said inductor, wherein said high side and low side switches are controlled respectively by said first and second pulse frequency modulation signals from said controller, and said high side switch is operable for providing said DC output voltage; and
a feedback circuit coupled to said inductor, wherein said feedback circuit selectively senses said DC output voltage or a voltage at a terminal of said high side switch and generates a feedback signal.
18. The boost DC to DC converter of claim 17, wherein said controller comprises:
a current source capable of generating a charge current to charge said capacitor;
a switchable current sink capable of generating a discharge current to discharge said capacitor, wherein said voltage of said capacitor depends on said charge current and said discharge current;
a control logic circuit, wherein said control logic circuit is triggered by said voltage of said capacitor and generates a plurality of control signals according to said first comparison and according to said second comparison, and
a driver, wherein said driver receives said plurality of control signals from said control logic circuit and generates said first pulse frequency modulation signal to control said high side switch and generates said second pulse frequency modulation signal to control said low side switch.
19. The boost DC to DC converter of claim 18, wherein said first pulse frequency modulation signal has a first duration, said first duration is determined by said first comparison between said voltage of said capacitor and said first predetermined level, said capacitor is charged by said charge current during said first duration, and said charge current is proportional to said DC input voltage during said first duration.
20. The boost DC to DC converter of claim 19, wherein said inductor is charged when said high side switch is turned off and said low side switch is turned on during said first duration, wherein a rate of change in current with time of said inductor is proportional to said DC input voltage during said first duration.
21. The boost DC to DC converter of claim 18, wherein said second pulse frequency modulation signal has a second duration, said second duration is determined by said second comparison between said voltage of said capacitor and said second predetermined level, said capacitor is discharged by a discharge current during said second duration, and said discharge current is proportional to voltage variance between said DC output voltage and said DC input voltage during said second duration.
22. The boost DC to DC converter of claim 21, wherein said inductor is discharged when said high side switch is turned on and said low side switch is turned off during said second duration, wherein a rate of change in current with time of said inductor is proportional to said voltage variance between said DC output voltage and said DC input voltage during said second duration.
23. The boost DC to DC converter of claim 22, wherein said voltage of said capacitor reaches a lowest value after said second duration, said current of said inductor is discharged to zero after said second duration, and said high side switch is turned off after said second duration.
24. The boost DC to DC converter of claim 23, wherein said voltage of said capacitor emulates said current of said inductor during said second duration.
25. The boost DC to DC converter of claim 18, wherein said current source comprises:
a voltage divider, wherein said voltage divider scales down said DC input voltage and generates a scaled-down voltage;
a voltage follower, wherein said voltage follower receives said scaled-down voltage and generates a first current;
a plurality of current mirrors, wherein said plurality of current mirrors mirror said first current and generate a second current; and
a switch coupled to said plurality of current mirrors, wherein said switch sends said second current to charge said capacitor when said switch is turned on.
26. The boost DC to DC converter of claim 18, wherein said switchable current sink comprises:
a voltage follower, wherein said voltage follower receives a predetermined voltage and converts said predetermined voltage to a first current;
a plurality of current mirrors, wherein said plurality of current mirrors receive said first current and generate a plurality of mirrored currents; and
a multiplex switch coupled to said plurality of current mirrors, wherein said multiplex switch selects one of said mirrored currents and a predetermined current as said discharge current to discharge said capacitor.
27. The boost DC to DC converter of claim 18, wherein said feedback circuit comprises:
a double throw switch coupled in parallel with said high side switch;
a voltage divider coupled to said double throw switch, wherein said voltage divider generates a scaled-down voltage; and
a comparator coupled to said voltage divider, wherein said comparator receives a reference voltage and said scaled-down voltage and generates said feedback signal, and wherein said feedback signal comprises a component of said current of said inductor and triggers said control logic circuit.
28. The boost DC to DC converter of claim 18, wherein said DC to DC converter further comprises a current sense circuit, wherein said current sense circuit detects said current of said inductor and generates a control signal to said control logic circuit.
29. An electronic device comprising:
a boost DC to DC converter for converting a DC input voltage to a DC output voltage higher than said DC input voltage, said boost DC to DC converter comprising:
an inductor for receiving said DC input voltage and a current flowing through said inductor;
a controller coupled to said inductor and comprising a capacitor having a voltage capable of emulating said current of said inductor in a continuous current mode and a discontinuous current mode, wherein said controller is capable of generating a first pulse frequency modulation signal and a second pulse frequency modulation signal according to a first comparison between said voltage of said capacitor and a first predetermined level and according to a second comparison between said voltage of said capacitor and a second predetermined level;
a high side switch and a low side switch coupled to said inductor, wherein said high side and low side switches are controlled respectively by said first and second pulse frequency modulation signals from said controller, and said high side switch is operable for providing said DC output voltage; and
a feedback circuit coupled to said inductor, wherein said feedback circuit selectively senses said DC output voltage or a voltage at a terminal of said at least one switch and generates a feedback signal.
30. The electronic device of claim 29, wherein said controller comprises:
a current source capable of generating a charge current to charge said capacitor;
a switchable current sink capable of generating a discharge current to discharge said capacitor, wherein said voltage of said capacitor depends on said charge current and said discharge current;
a control logic circuit, wherein said control logic circuit is triggered by said voltage of said capacitor and generates a plurality of control signals according to said first comparison and according to said second comparison, and
a driver, wherein said driver receives said plurality of control signals from said control logic circuit and generates said first pulse frequency modulation signal to control said high side switch and said second pulse frequency modulation signal to control said low side switch.
31. The electronic device of claim 30, wherein said first pulse frequency modulation signal has a first duration, wherein said first duration is determined by said first comparison between said voltage of said capacitor and said first predetermined level, said capacitor is charged by said charge current during said first duration, and said charge current is proportional to said DC input voltage during said first duration.
32. The electronic device of claim 31, wherein said inductor is charged when said high side switch is turned off and said low side switch is turned on during said first duration, wherein a rate of change in current with time of said inductor is proportional to said DC input voltage during said first duration.
33. The electronic device of claim 30, wherein said second pulse frequency modulation signal has a second duration, said second duration is determined by said second comparison between said voltage of said capacitor and said second predetermined level, said capacitor is discharged by a discharge current during said second duration, and said discharge current is proportional to a voltage variance between said DC output voltage and said DC input voltage during said second duration.
34. The electronic device of claim 33, wherein said inductor is discharged when said high side switch is turned on and said low side switch is turned off during said second duration, wherein a rate of change in current with time of said inductor is proportional to said voltage variance between said DC output voltage and said DC input voltage during said second duration.
35. The electronic device of claim 34, wherein said voltage of said capacitor reaches a lowest value after said second duration, said current of said inductor is discharged to zero after said second duration, and said high side switch is turned off after said second duration.
36. The electronic device of claim 35, wherein said voltage of said capacitor emulates said current of said inductor during said second duration.
37. The electronic device of claim 30, wherein said current source comprises:
a voltage divider, wherein said voltage divider scales down said DC input voltage and generates a scaled-down voltage;
a voltage follower, wherein said voltage follower receives said scaled-down voltage and generates a first current;
a plurality of current mirrors, wherein said plurality of current mirrors mirror said first current and generate a second current; and
a switch coupled to said plurality of current mirrors, wherein said switch sends said second current to charge said capacitor when said switch is turned on.
38. The electronic device of claim 30, wherein said switchable current sink comprises:
a voltage follower, wherein said voltage follower receives a predetermined voltage and converts said predetermined voltage to a first current;
a plurality of current mirrors, wherein said plurality of current mirrors receive said first current and generate a plurality of mirrored currents; and
a multiplex switch coupled to said plurality of current mirrors, wherein said multiplex switch selects one of said mirrored currents and a predetermined current as said discharge current to discharge said capacitor.
39. The electronic device of claim 30, wherein said feedback circuit comprises:
a double throw switch coupled in parallel with said high side switch;
a voltage divider coupled to said double throw switch, wherein said voltage divider generates a scaled-down voltage; and
a comparator coupled to said voltage divider, wherein said comparator receives a reference voltage and said scaled-down voltage and generates said feedback signal, wherein said feedback signal comprises a component of said current of said inductor and triggers said control logic circuit.
40. The electronic device of claim 30, wherein said DC to DC converter further comprises a current sense circuit, wherein said current sense circuit detects said current of said inductor and generates a control signal to said control logic circuit.

The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.

We claim:

1. An indole derivative of the general formula (I)
5
wherein
R: is a saturated, unsaturated or aromatic, substituted or unsubstituted (C2-C14)-heterocycle which contains one or more heteroatoms selected from the group N, O and S and is linked directly to the amide nitrogen,
R1: is unsubstituted or substituted alkyl-aryl,
R2: is
(i) hydrogen,
(ii) unsubstituted or substituted (C1-C6)-alkyl,

R3-R6: are
(i) hydrogen
(ii) unsubstituted or substituted (C1-C6)-alkyl,
(iii) unsubstituted or substituted (C3-C7)-cycloalkyl,
(iv) amino, mono-(C1-C4)-alkylamino, di-(C1-C4)-alkylamino,
(v) halogen,
(vi) (C1-C4)-alkyl which is substituted by one or more fluorine atoms,
(vii) cyano, straight-chain or branched cyano-(C1-C6)-alkyl,
(viii) (C1-C6)-alkylcarbonyl,
(ix) carboxyl, (C1-C4)-alkoxycarbonyl, carboxy-(C1-C6)-alkyl or (C1-C6)-alkoxycarbonyl-(C1-C6)-alkyl,
(x) hydroxyl,
(xi) (C1-C6)-alkoxy,
(xii) aryl-(C1-C4)-alkoxy, preferably benzyloxy,
(xiii) (C1-C6)-alkoxycarbonylamino, (C1-C6)-alkoxycarbonylamino-(C1-C6)-alkyl,

R7: is
(C1-C6)-alkylcarbonyl or (C1-C6)-alkoxy-carbonyl

and
X, Y: are oxygen or sulfur,
with the proviso that, when R is an unsubstituted or substituted 2-, 3-, 4-, 5- or 6-pyridyl group and R1-R6 have the abovementioned meaning, R7 is not an acetyl radical or a tert-butyloxycarbonyl group;
the tautomers, stereoisomers, including the diastereomers and enantiomers, thereof, and also the physiologically tolerated salts thereof.
2. An indole derivative as claimed in claim 1, wherein R is
(i) unsubstituted or substituted 5-, 6-, 7-quinolyl,
(ii) unsubstituted or substituted 2-, 3-, 6-, 7- and 8-pyridopyrazinyl,
(iii) unsubstituted or substituted 3-, 4-, 5-, 6- and 7-indazolyl,
(iv) unsubstituted or substituted 2-, 3-, 4-, 5- and 6-pyridyl,
(v) unsubstituted or substituted 3-, 4- and 5-isoxazolyl,
(vi) unsubstituted or substituted 3-, 4- and 5-isothiazolyl.
3. An indole derivative as claimed in claim 1, wherein R7 is methoxycarbonyl, ethoxycarbonyl, propoxycarbonyl, acetyl or propionyl.
4. An indole derivative as claimed in claim 1, wherein the compounds of the general formula I is selected from the following group of compounds:
N-2-1-(4-chlorobenzyl)-1H-indol-3-yl-2-oxoacetyl-N-quinolin-6-ylacetamide (2)
methyl 2-1-(4-chlorobenzyl)-1H-indol-3-yl-2-oxoacetylquinolin-6-ylcarbamate (3)
ethyl 2-1-(4-chlorobenzyl)-1H-indol-3-yl-2-oxoacetylquinolin-6-ylcarbamate (5)
propyl 2-1-(4-chlorobenzyl)-1H-indol-3-yl-2-oxoacetylquinolin-6-ylcarbamate (6)
N-2-1-(4-chlorobenzyl)-1H-indol-3-yl-2-oxoacetyl-N-quinolin-6-ylpropionamide (7)
ethyl 2-l-(4-chlorobenzyl)-1H-indol-3-yl-2-oxoacetylpyridin-4-ylcarbamate (8)
5. An indole derivative as claimed in claim 1, wherein R1 is 4-chlorobenzyl, R2-R6 are hydrogen and X, Y are oxygen or sulfur.
6. An indole derivative as claimed in claim 1, wherein R3, R4, R5 or R6 is trifluoromethyl.
7. An indole derivative of the general formula I,
6
wherein
R: is, directly linked to the amide nitrogen,
(i) substituted 6-quinolyl, unsubstituted or substituted 7-quinolyl, where 2-methyl-6-quinolyl is excluded and where, when X is a sulfur atom, R can also be unsubstituted 6-quinolyl.
(ii) unsubstituted or substituted 2-, 3-, 6-, 7- and 8-pyridopyrazinyl,
(iii) unsubstituted or substituted 3-, 4-, 5-, 6- and 7-indazolyl,

R1: is unsubstituted or substituted alkyl-aryl,
R2: is hydrogen,
R3-R6: are
(i) hydrogen
(ii) unsubstituted or substituted (C1-C6)-alkyl,
(iii) unsubstituted or substituted (C3-C7)-cycloalkyl,
(iv) amino, mono-(C1-C4)-alkylamino, di-(C1-C4)-alkylamino,
(v) halogen,
(vi) (C1-C4)-alkyl which is substituted by one or more fluorine atoms, preferably trifluoromethyl group,
(vii) cyano, straight-chain or branched cyano-(C1-C6)-alkyl,
(viii) (C1-C6)-alkylcarbonyl,
(ix) carboxyl, (C1-C4)-alkoxycarbonyl, carboxy-(C1-C6)-alkyl or (C1-C6)-alkoxycarbonyl-(C1-C6)-alkyl,
(x) (C1-C6)-alkoxy,
(xi) aryl-(C1-C4)-alkoxy, preferably benzyloxy,
(xii) (C1-C6)-alkoxycarbonylamino, (C1-C6)-alkoxycarbonylamino-(C1-C6)-alkyl,

and
R7: hydrogen
and
X, Y: are oxygen or sulfur,
the tautomers and stereoisomers, including the diastereomers and enantiomers, thereof, and also the physiologically tolerated salts thereof.
8. An indole derivative as claimed in claim 7, wherein the compound of the general formula I is selected from the following group of compounds:
2-1-(4-chlorobenzyl)-1H-indol-3-yl-N-quinolin-6-yl-2-thioxoacetamide (11)
2-1-(4-chlorobenzyl)-1H-indol-3-yl-2-oxo-N-pyrido2,3-bpyrazin-7-ylacetamide (1)
2-l-(4-chlorobenzyl)-1H-indol-3-yl-N-(1H-indazol-5-yl)-2-oxoacetamide (4).
9. An indole derivative as claimed in claim 7, wherein R1 is 4-chlorobenzyl, R2-R6 are hydrogen and X, Y are oxygen or sulfur.
10. A pharmaceutical composition which comprises at least one of the indole derivatives as claimed in claim 1.
11. A pharmaceutical composition as claimed in claim 10 which comprises the indole derivative in a microparticulate or nanoparticulate composition.
12. A pharmaceutical composition as claimed in claim 10 which comprises the indole derivative and a pharmaceutically utilizable carrier andor diluent and auxiliary substance in the form of tablets, sugar-coated tablets, capsules, solutions for infusion or ampoules, suppositories, plasters, powder preparations which can be used inhalatively, suspensions, creams and ointments.
13. A method for treating a tumor disease, which comprises administering an indole derivative as claimed in claim 1 to an individual in need of the treatment.
14. The method as claimed in claim 13, wherein the tumor disease involves drug resistance against at least one other active compound.
15. The method as claimed in claim 13, wherein the tumor disease involves a metastasizing carcinoma.
16. A pharmaceutical composition which comprises at least one of the indole derivatives as claimed in claim 7.
17. A pharmaceutical composition as claimed in claim 16 which comprises the indole derivative in a microparticulate or nanoparticulate composition.
18. A pharmaceutical composition as claimed in claim 16 which comprises the indole derivative and a pharmaceutically utilizable carrier andor diluent and auxiliary substance in the form of tablets, sugar-coated tablets, capsules, solutions for infusion or ampoules, suppositories, plasters, powder preparations which can be used inhalatively, suspensions, creams and ointments.
19. A method for treating a tumor disease, which comprises administering an indole derivative as claimed in claim 7 to an individual in need of the treatment.
20. The method as claimed in claim 19, wherein the tumor disease involves drug resistance against at least one other active compound.
21. The method as claimed in claim 19, wherein the tumor disease involves a metastasizing carcinoma.

1. A method of provisioning a mobile communication device with an electronic credential, the method comprising:
displaying an interface on the mobile communication device through which a user of the mobile communication device accesses a credential issuance system through a network connection that includes a wireless communication link;
authenticating the user with the credential issuance system so that the user is authorized by a credential issuer to receive the electronic credential;
receiving, by the mobile communication device, data including the electronic credential in response to successfully authenticating the user so as to be authorized by the credential issuer; and
storing the received electronic credential in a secured storage portion of a memory device so as to be retrievable to conduct a transaction.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein storing the received electronic credential comprises:
storing the received electronic credential in the secured storage portion of the memory device, where the mobile communication device includes the memory device.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein storing the received electronic credential comprises:
storing the received electronic credential in the secure storage portion of the memory device which is external to the mobile communication device.
4. The method of claim 3, wherein the external memory device is communicatively coupled to the mobile communication device through a mobile communication network.
5. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
inserting, into the data, an indicator of a transaction-specific process that is to be executed by a processor of the mobile communication device to conduct the transaction with the electronic credential.
6. The method of claim 5, further comprising:
retrieving an application extension code that, when executed by the processor on the mobile communication device, performs the transaction-specific process associated with the indicator; and
storing the application extension code so as to be executed by the processor of the mobile communication device to perform the transaction-specific process associated with the electronic credential in conducting the transaction.
7. The method of claim 6, further comprising:
when the application extension code is executed by the processor on the mobile communication device, performing the transaction-specific process of generating a representation of the electronic credential to be wirelessly transmitted to an electronic credential reader through a wireless interface of the mobile communication device.
8. The method of claim 7, further comprising:
configuring the application extension code by generating the representation of the electronic credential to be wirelessly transmitted in a Bluetooth transmission to the electronic credential reader.
9. The method of claim 7, further comprising:
configuring the application extension code by generating the representation of the electronic credential to be conveyed in a near-field communication (NFC) transmission as the wireless transmission to the electronic credential reader.
10. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
receiving a reader key in the data with the electronic credential; and
storing, in the memory device, the reader key received in the data in an association with the electronic credential received in the data such that the electronic credential is locatable in the memory via a search of the memory device for the reader key.
11. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
establishing a network connection between the mobile communication device and a credential management device;
determining, from the credential management device, whether an update to the electronic credential stored on the memory device is applicable thereto; and
applying the update to the received electronic credential in response to determining that the update is applicable to the stored electronic credential.
12. The method of claim 11, wherein the establishing the network connection, the determining whether the update is applicable, and the applying the update are performed periodically in accordance with a predetermined rule.
13. A system to provision a mobile communication device with an electronic credential, the system comprising:
a credential issuing device remote from the mobile communication device and accessible thereby through a network connection that includes a wireless communication link; and
the mobile communication device comprising:
a processor configured to display an interface on the mobile communication device through which a user thereof accesses the credential issuing device through the network connection, to authenticate the user with the credential issuing device so that the user is authorized by a credential issuer to receive the electronic credential, to receive data including the electronic credential in response to successfully authenticating the user so as to be authorized by the credential issuer, and to store the received electronic credential in a secured storage portion of a memory device so as to be retrievable to conduct a transaction.
14. The system of claim 13, wherein the mobile communication device includes the memory device.
15. The system of claim 13, wherein the memory device is external to the mobile communication device.
16. The system of claim 15, wherein the memory device is communicatively coupled to the mobile communication device through a mobile communication network.
17. The system of claim 13, wherein the credential issuing device is configured to insert, into the data, an indicator of a transaction-specific process that is to be executed by the processor on the mobile communication device to conduct the transaction with the electronic credential.
18. The system of claim 17, wherein the processor of the mobile communication device is further configured to retrieve an application extension code that, when executed by the processor, perform the transaction-specific process associated with the indicator, and store the application extension code so as to be executed by the processor to perform the transaction-specific process associated with the electronic credential in conducting the transaction.
19. The system of claim 18, wherein the processor performs the transaction-specific process of generating a representation of the electronic credential to be wirelessly transmitted to an electronic credential reader through a wireless interface of the mobile communication device when the application extension code is executed by the processor on the mobile communication device.
20. The system of claim 19, wherein the representation of the electronic credential is generated by the transaction-specific process to be wirelessly transmitted in a Bluetooth transmission to the electronic credential reader.
21. The system of claim 19, wherein the representation of the electronic credential is generated by the transaction-specific process to be wirelessly transmitted in a near-field communication (NFC) transmission as the wireless transmission to the electronic credential reader.
22. The system of claim 13, wherein the processor of the mobile communication device is further configured to receive a reader key in the data with the electronic credential, and to store, in the memory device, the reader key received in the data in an association with the electronic credential received in the data such that the electronic credential is locatable in the memory via a search of the memory device for the reader key.
23. The system of claim 13, further comprising:
a credential management device remote from the mobile communication device and accessible thereby through another network connection with the mobile communication device, the credential management device being configured to apply an update to the electronic credential stored in the memory device in response to determining that the update is applicable to the electronic credential.
24. The system of claim 23, wherein at least one of the credential management device and the mobile communication device determines, periodically in accordance with a predetermined rule, whether to update the electronic credential.

The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.

1. A crib bumper for use in a crib with a mattress having a bottom surface a top surface and sides, a mattress support, corner posts, a first side board having a plurality of vertical slats, a second side board having a plurality of vertical slats, a head board having a plurality of vertical slats and a foot board having a plurality of vertical slats, said crib bumper comprising:
a bottom securing panel that fits between the bottom surface of said mattress and the mattress support;
a first side wall that extends upward from the bottom securing panel between the side of the mattress and the first side board of the crib and above the top surface of the mattress a predetermined distance;
a second side wall that extends upward from the bottom securing panel between the side of the mattress and the second side board of the crib and above the top surface of the mattress a predetermined distance;
a head wall that extends upward from the bottom securing panel between the side of the mattress and the head board of the crib and above the top surface of the mattress a predetermined distance;
a foot wall that extends upward from the bottom securing panel between the side of the mattress and the foot board of the crib and above the top surface of the mattress a predetermined distance;
said first side wall, second side wall, head wall and foot wall creating a perimeter wall having an inner surface, outer surface and upper edge; and
at least one securing means located on the outer surface of the perimeter wall for securing the perimeter wall to the vertical slats and corner posts of the crib.
2. The crib bumper of claim 1 wherein:
said perimeter wall is made of a mesh material.
3. The crib bumper of claim 2 wherein:
the upper edge made of the perimeter wall is made of a cloth-like material.
4. The crib bumper of claim 3 wherein:
said at least one securing means is located proximate to the upper edge of the outer surface of the perimeter wall.
5. The crib bumper of claim 2 wherein:
said perimeter wall has a lower portion made of a cloth-like material located between the mattress and the slats.
6. The crib bumper of claim 1 wherein:
said perimeter wall is made of a cloth-like material.
7. The crib bumper of claim 1 wherein:
said perimeter wall is made of a quilted material.
8. The crib bumper of claim 1 wherein:
said at least one securing means is at least one securing strap having an attachment means located thereon.
9. The crib bumper of claim 4 wherein:
said at least one securing means is at least one securing strap having an attachment means located thereon.
10. A crib bumper for use in a crib with a mattress having a bottom surface a top surface and sides, a mattress support, corner posts, a first side board having a plurality of vertical slats, a second side board having a plurality of vertical slats, a head board having a plurality of vertical slats and a foot board having a plurality of vertical slats, said crib bumper comprising:
a bottom securing panel that fits between the bottom surface of said mattress and the mattress support;
a first side wall that extends upward from the bottom securing panel between the side of the mattress and the first side board of the crib and above the top surface of the mattress a predetermined distance;
a second side wall that extends upward from the bottom securing panel between the side of the mattress and the second side board of the crib and above the top surface of the mattress a predetermined distance;
a head wall that extends upward from the bottom securing panel between the side of the mattress and the head board of the crib and above the top surface of the mattress a predetermined distance;
a foot wall that extends upward from the bottom securing panel between the side of the mattress and the foot board of the crib and above the top surface of the mattress a predetermined distance;
said first side wall, second side wall, head wall and foot wall creating a perimeter wall having an inner surface, outer surface and upper edge; and
at least one securing means located on the outer surface of the perimeter wall for securing the perimeter wall to the vertical slats and corner posts of the crib, wherein said at least one securing means is at least one securing strap having an attachment means located thereon.
11. The crib bumper of claim 10 wherein:
said perimeter wall is made of a mesh material.
12. The crib bumper of claim 11 wherein:
the upper edge made of the perimeter wall is made of a cloth-like material.
13. The crib bumper of claim 12 wherein:
said at least one securing means is located proximate to the upper edge of the outer surface of the perimeter wall.
14. The crib bumper of claim 11 wherein:
said perimeter wall has a lower portion made of a cloth-like material located between the mattress and the slats.
15. The crib bumper of claim 1 wherein:
said perimeter wall is made of a cloth-like material.
16. The crib bumper of claim 1 wherein:
said perimeter wall is made of a quilted material.
17. A crib bumper for use in a crib with a mattress having a bottom surface a top surface and sides, a mattress support, corner posts, a first side board having a plurality of vertical slats, a second side board having a plurality of vertical slats, a head board having a plurality of vertical slats and a foot board having a plurality of vertical slats, said crib bumper comprising:
a bottom securing panel that fits between the bottom surface of said mattress and the mattress support;
a first side wall that extends upward from the bottom securing panel between the side of the mattress and the first side board of the crib and above the top surface of the mattress a predetermined distance;
a second side wall that extends upward from the bottom securing panel between the side of the mattress and the second side board of the crib and above the top surface of the mattress a predetermined distance;
a head wall that extends upward from the bottom securing panel between the side of the mattress and the head board of the crib and above the top surface of the mattress a predetermined distance;
a foot wall that extends upward from the bottom securing panel between the side of the mattress and the foot board of the crib and above the top surface of the mattress a predetermined distance;
said first side wall, second side wall, head wall and foot wall creating a perimeter wall made of a mesh material having an inner surface, outer surface and upper edge; and
at least one securing means located on the outer surface of the perimeter wall for securing the perimeter wall to the vertical slats and corner posts of the crib, wherein said at least one securing means is at least one securing strap having an attachment means attachment means located thereon.
18. The crib bumper of claim 17 wherein:
the upper edge made of the perimeter wall is made of a cloth-like material.
19. The crib bumper of claim 18 wherein:
said at least one securing means is located proximate to the upper edge of the outer surface of the perimeter wall.
20. The crib bumper of claim 17 wherein:
said perimeter wall has a lower portion made of a cloth-like material located between the mattress and the slats.