All The Claims

1. A transistor comprising:
a semiconductor substrate, the substrate being substantially free of silicon and selected from the group consisting of indium antimonide, lead telluride, indium arsenide, indium phosphide, and gallium antimonide;
a gate dielectric layer formed over a portion of the substrate, wherein the gate dielectric layer comprises a metal oxide having a dielectric constant greater than 7.8, wherein a portion of the gate dielectric layer has a thickness that is large enough to reduce gate leakage current, and wherein the material comprises a compound having a free energy of formation that is lower than a free energy of formation of a compound that is formed between the material and the semiconductor substrate; and
a gate electrode defined over a portion of the gate dielectric layer such that the gate dielectric layer has a cross-sectional area substantially similar to a cross-sectional area of the gate electrode.
2. The transistor of claim 1, further comprising:
a source region and a drain region proximate the gate electrode, the source and drain regions defined by introduced ions.
3. The transistor of claim 2, further comprising:
an interlayer dielectric layer over at least part of the gate electrode, the source region, and the drain region.
4. The transistor of claim 3, wherein the interlevel dielectric defines first, second, and third openings in the interlayer dielectric layer over at least part of the gate electrode, the source region, and the drain region.
5. The transitor of claim 4, further comprising:
a metal within the first, second, and third openings in contact with the gate electrode, source region, and the drain region.
6. The transistor of claim 1, wherein the substrate comprises a material having a carrier mobility greater than a carrier mobility of silicon.
7. The transistor of claim 1, wherein the substrate has a bandgap narrower than a bandgap of silicon.
8. The transistor of claim 7, wherein the gate dielectric comprises at least one of aluminum oxide, hafnium oxide, zirconium silicon oxide, strontium titanium oxide, tantalum oxide, barium titanium oxide, zirconium oxide, yttrium oxide, and barium strontium titanium oxide.
9. The transistor of claim 1, wherein the gate electrode comprises at least one of titanium nitride, tantalum nitride, titanium, tantalum, nickel, platinum, polygermanium, and polysilicon.
10. A device comprising:
a semiconductor substrate, the substrate being substantially free of silicon and selected from the group consisting of indium antimonide, lead telluride, indium arsenide, indium phosphide, and gallium antimonide:
a well formed in a portion of the substrate, the well having a first type of dopant;
a gate dielectric layer formed over a portion of the well, wherein the gate dielectric layer comprises a metal-oxide having a dielectric constant greater than 7.8, wherein a portion of the gate dielectric layer has a thickness that is large enough to reduce gate leakage current, and wherein the material comprises a compound having a free energy of formation that is lower than a free energy of formation of a compound that is formed between the material and the semiconductor substrate;
a gate electrode defined over a portion of the gate dielectric layer such that the gate dielectric layer has a cross-sectional area substantially similar to a cross-sectional area of the gate electrode; and
a source region and a drain region defined proximate the gate electrode in the well, the source and drain regions being defined by a second type of dopant.
11. The he device of claim 10, wherein the first dopant is n-type and the second dopant is p-type.
12. The device of claim 10, wherein the first dopant is p-type and the second dopant is n-type.

The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.

1. A character input method, comprising:
receiving key press information input by a user;
entering into a mapping mode when the received key press information meets a preset enabling condition of the mapping mode;
receiving key press information input by the user in the mapping mode; and
searching a character string corresponding to the key press information input by the user in the mapping mode according to a preset mapping relation between the character string and a keyboard, and inputting the searched character string.
2. The character input method of claim 1, wherein prior to receiving the key press information input by the user, the method further comprises:
defining an enabling way of entering into the mapping mode; and
establishing the mapping relation between the character string and the keyboard in the mapping mode.
3. The character input method of claim 2, wherein defining the enabling way of entering into the mapping mode comprises:
defining a certain key as an enabling key of the mapping mode;
monitoring triggering information of the enabling key;
receiving the triggering information of the enabling key;
determining whether an interval between a time point of triggering enabling of the mapping mode this time and a time point of entering into the mapping mode previous Nth time is smaller than a second set time value;
and if yes, then entering into the mapping mode;
or otherwise, continuing to monitor the triggering information of the enabling key.
4. The character input method of claim 2, wherein defining the enabling way of entering into the mapping mode comprises:
defining a key on an original character keyboard as an enabling key of the mapping mode;
monitoring key press duration of the enabling key on the original character keyboard; and
if the key press duration is larger than a first set time value,
enabling the mapping mode; or otherwise,
continuing to monitor the triggering information of the enabling key and inputting a character corresponding to the enabling key on the original character keyboard.
5. The character input method of claim 2, wherein defining the enabling way of entering into the mapping mode comprises:
defining a key on an original character keyboard as an enabling key of the mapping mode;
monitoring key press duration of the enabling key on the original character keyboard;
if the key press duration is smaller than a first set time value, then continuing to monitor the triggering information of the enabling key and inputting a character corresponding to the enabling key on the original character keyboard; or
if the key press duration is larger than the first set time value, determining whether an interval between a time point of entering into the mapping mode this time and a time point of entering into the mapping mode previous Nth time is smaller than a second set time value; and
if yes, then entering into the mapping mode; or otherwise,
prompting that an operation is too frequent and continuing to monitor the triggering information of the enabling key.
6. The character input method of claim 2, wherein establishing the mapping relation between the character string and the keyboard in the mapping mode comprises:
creating a character keyboard, an icon keyboard, or a trajectory keyboard in the mapping mode; and
creating mapping relations between character keys, icon keys, or trajectories and customized character strings, according to the created character keyboard, the icon keyboard, or the trajectory keyboard.
7. The character input method of claim 6, wherein creating an icon key in the mapping mode comprises:
creating an image material data structure and allocating a unique identification number and an image resource path for each icon; and
creating a keyboard layout data structure, establishing mapping between an identification number of an icon and a key page number and a key location according to a random algorithm, and drawing a corresponding image on a corresponding key location on a corresponding page.
8. The character input method of claim 6, wherein according to the created trajectory keyboard, creating a mapping relation between a trajectory and a customized character string comprises:
defining different characters corresponding to respective keys on the trajectory keyboard;
saving respective key characters connected by a trajectory path as a path character string; and
establishing mapping between the path character string and the customized character string.
9. The character input method of claim 1, wherein the mapping mode means a mode in which a combination of one or several keys corresponds to a character string.
10. The character input method of claim 9, wherein the character string comprises password or account information.
11. A character input apparatus, comprising:
a processor;
a memory on which is to store computer readable instructions that when executed by the processor cause the processor to:
receive key press information input by a user;
enter into a mapping mode when the received key press information meets a preset enabling condition of the mapping mode;
receive key press information input by the user in the mapping mode; and
search a character string corresponding to the key press information input by the user in the mapping mode according to a preset mapping relation between the character string and a keyboard, and input the searched character string.
12. The character input apparatus of claim 11, wherein prior to receiving the key press information input by the user, the computer readable instructions further cause the processor to:
define an enabling way of entering into the mapping mode; and
establish the mapping relation between the character string and the keyboard in the mapping mode.
13. The character input apparatus of claim 12, wherein when define the enabling way of entering into the mapping mode, the computer readable instructions further cause the processor to:
define a certain key as an enabling key of the mapping mode;
monitor triggering information of the enabling key;
receive the triggering information of the enabling key;
determine whether an interval between a time point of triggering enabling of the mapping mode this time and a time point of entering into the mapping mode previous Nth time is smaller than a second set time value;
and if yes, then enter into the mapping mode;
or otherwise, continue to monitor the triggering information of the enabling key.
14. The character input apparatus of claim 12, wherein when define the enabling way of entering into the mapping mode, the computer readable instructions further cause the processor to:
define a key on an original character keyboard as an enabling key of the mapping mode;
monitor key press duration of the enabling key on the original character keyboard; and
if the key press duration is larger than a first set time value,
enable the mapping mode; or otherwise,
continue to monitor the triggering information of the enabling key and input a character corresponding to the enabling key on the original character keyboard.
15. The character input apparatus of claim 12, wherein when define the enabling way of entering into the mapping mode, the computer readable instructions further cause the processor to:
define a key on an original character keyboard as an enabling key of the mapping mode;
monitor key press duration of the enabling key on the original character keyboard;
if the key press duration is smaller than a first set time value, then continue to monitor the triggering information of the enabling key and input a character corresponding to the enabling key on the original character keyboard; or
if the key press duration is larger than the first set time value, determine whether an interval between a time point of entering into the mapping mode this time and a time point of entering into the mapping mode previous Nth time is smaller than a second set time value; and
if yes, then enter into the mapping mode; or otherwise,
prompt that an operation is too frequent and continue to monitor the triggering information of the enabling key.
16. The character input apparatus of claim 12, wherein when establish the mapping relation between the character string and the keyboard in the mapping mode, the computer readable instructions further cause the processor to:
create a character keyboard, an icon keyboard, or a trajectory keyboard in the mapping mode; and
create mapping relations between character keys, icon keys, or trajectories and customized character strings, according to the created character keyboard, the icon keyboard, or the trajectory keyboard.
17. The character input apparatus of claim 16, wherein when create an icon key in the mapping mode, the computer readable instructions further cause the processor to:
create an image material data structure and allocate a unique identification number and an image resource path for each icon; and
create a keyboard layout data structure, establish mapping between an identification number of an icon and a key page number and a key location according to a random algorithm, and draw a corresponding image on a corresponding key location on a corresponding page.
18. The character input apparatus of claim 16, wherein when according to the created trajectory keyboard, create a mapping relation between a trajectory and a customized character string, the computer readable instructions further cause the processor to:
define different characters corresponding to respective keys on the trajectory keyboard;
save respective key characters connected by a trajectory path as a path character string; and
establish mapping between the path character string and the customized character string.
19. The character input apparatus of claim 11, wherein the mapping mode means a mode in which a combination of one or several keys corresponds to a character string.
20. A storage medium configured to store computer executable instructions; the computer executable instructions being configured to control a computer to execute a character input method which comprises:
receiving key press information input by a user;
entering into a mapping mode when the received key press information meets a preset enabling condition of the mapping mode;
receiving key press information input by the user in the mapping mode; and
searching a character string corresponding to the key press information input by the user in the mapping mode according to a preset mapping relation between the character string and a keyboard, and inputting the searched character string.

1. A filter element for separating particulate matter from a gas stream comprising a filter medium comprising a porous substrate having two major surfaces wherein the substrate is adhesively bonded over one of the major surfaces to a first nanoweb having a basis weight less than about 2 gsm by a layer of adhesive and wherein the filter medium is made by a process comprising the steps of
(a) forming a nanoweb directly onto a carrier layer;
(b) providing a porous substrate having two major surfaces;
(c) applying a layer of adhesive to at least a portion of one surface of the porous substrate while it is not in contact with the nanoweb;
(d) contacting the adhesive layer with the nanoweb and bonding the nanoweb to the porous substrate wherein the adhesive layer securely attaches the nanoweb to the substrate;
and
(e) optionally removing the carrier layer, thus forming the filter medium; and wherein the substrate and the first nanoweb remain bonded after the filter element has been subjected to a complete test according to VDI 3926.
2. A filter element for separating particular matter from a gas stream comprising a filter medium comprising exactly one porous substrate having two major surfaces wherein the substrate is adhesively bonded over one of the major surfaces in a face-to-face relationship to a first nanoweb having a basis weight less than about 2 gsm by a layer of adhesive and wherein the filter medium is made by a process comprising the steps of
(a) forming a nanoweb directly onto a carrier layer;
(b) providing a porous substrate having two major surfaces;
(c) applying a layer of solvent based or melt adhesive to at least a portion of one surface of the substrate while it is not in contact with the nanoweb;
(d) contacting the adhesive layer with the nanoweb and bonding the nanoweb to the substrate wherein the adhesive layer securely attaches the nanoweb to the substrate; and
(e) optionally removing the carrier layer, thus forming the filter medium; and wherein the substrate and the first nanoweb remain bonded after the filter element has been subjected to a complete test according to VDI 3926.
3. The filter element of claim 1 or 2 wherein the substrate is selected from the group consisting of spunbond nonwovens, spunlaced nonwovens, airlaid nonwovens, carded nonwovens, felts, spunbond-meltblown-spunbond composite nonwovens, and woven fabrics.
4. The filter element of claim 2 wherein the first nanoweb and the substrate are bonded by means of a solvent-based adhesive, a melt adhesive or a high temperature binding agent.
5. The filter element of claim 1 or 2 wherein the first nanoweb has a basis weight of between about 0.7 gsm and about 2 gsm.
6. A process for removing particulate matter from a gas stream, comprising passing the particle-laden gas stream through the filter medium of the filter element of claim 1 or 2 such that the gas stream enters the filter medium on the surface of the filter medium having the first nanoweb bonded thereto in a face to face relationship and the filtered gas stream exits the filter medium from the surface of the filter medium opposite the first nanoweb.
7. The filter element of claim 1 wherein the first nanoweb and substrate are bonded by a layer of adhesive applied to at least a portion of the substrate.
8. The filter element of claim 2 wherein the first nanoweb and substrate are bonded by a layer of adhesive applied to at least a portion of the substrate.
9. The filter element of claim 1 or 2 wherein the nanoweb is formed by electrospinning or electroblowing.
10. The filter element of claim 1 or 2 wherein the nanoweb is formed by electroblowing and the substrate is selected from the group consisting of spunlaced nonwovens and felts.

The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.

1. A liquid filter comprising:
a filter housing and a filter insert exchangeably situated therein,
the filter housing having a raw liquid inlet, a central clean liquid outlet, and an eccentric liquid discharge channel,
a central standpipe being situated above the clean liquid outlet,
the filter insert being plugged onto the standpipe,
the filter insert having an eccentric closing pin on its side facing the liquid discharge channel, and positioning means being arranged such that, when the filter insert is plugged onto the standpipe, the positioning means guide the closing pin into engagement with the eccentric liquid discharge channel,
the central standpipe being a separate component that connects to the clean liquid outlet by a plug connection,
first positioning means arranged on the central clean liquid outlet and on a lower end region of the standpipe that, when the standpipe is plugged into the clean liquid outlet, guide the standpipe into a particular position in the circumferential direction relative to the filter housing,
second positioning means arranged on the outer circumference of the standpipe and on the inner circumference of the filter insert that, when the filter insert is plugged onto the standpipe, guide the filter insert into a particular position in the circumferential direction relative to the standpipe, and
the first and second positioning means being matched to one another in such a way that the closing pin on the filter insert enters into engagement with the eccentric liquid discharge channel in the filter housing.
2. The liquid filter as recited in claim 1, wherein the standpipe, the filter insert, and a filter housing screw cover can be preassembled to form a unit that can be connected as a whole to the filter housing, with automatic positioning of the closure pin and liquid discharge channel, to form the liquid filter.
3. The liquid filter as recited in claim 2, wherein on the standpipe and on the filter insert, and on the filter insert and on the filter housing screw cover, in each case a locking means system is provided that can be brought into and out of engagement, of which the locking means system between the filter insert and the filter housing screw cover is a locking means system that transmits torques limited to a specifiable magnitude and that permits a rotation relative to one another.
4. The liquid filter as recited in claim 1, wherein the first positioning means are formed at the filter housing side by a tube base having an upper side that runs at least one of obliquely and in stepped fashion and that goes over into an axial slot, and are formed at the standpipe side by a dog that protrudes radially outward.
5. The liquid filter as recited in claim 1, wherein the second positioning means are formed at the standpipe side by a pair of guide webs that run symmetrically to one another obliquely downward toward one another, and that go over into an axial slot, and are formed at the filter insert side by a dog that protrudes radially inward.
6. The liquid filter as recited in claim 5, wherein the filter insert has a hollow cylindrical filter material body in whose hollow interior there is situated a grid-type supporting body with which the radially inward-protruding dog is one of connected and made in one piece.
7. The liquid filter as recited in claim 6, wherein the filter insert has two end plates that enclose the hollow cylindrical filter material body at its ends, and wherein the closing pin is one of, made in one piece with and connected to, one of the end plates.
8. The liquid filter as recited in claim 1, wherein the standpipe is perforated at least in the upper half of its height, and wherein a filter bypass valve is situated in an upper end region of the standpipe.
9. The liquid filter as recited in claim 8, wherein a valve seat that works together with a valve body of the filter bypass valve is fashioned on an end plate of the filter insert that is an upper end plate in an installed position.
10. The liquid filter as recited in claim 1, wherein a no-load blocking valve is situated in or on a lower region of the standpipe.
11. The liquid filter as recited in claim 10, wherein a valve body of the no-load blocking valve works together with the lower end, fashioned as valve seat, of the standpipe.
12. The liquid filter as recited in claim 1, wherein the standpipe, when it is plugged together with the clean liquid outlet, can be locked or clamped to the filter housing in such a way that when the filter insert is withdrawn from the standpipe, the standpipe remains in the clean liquid outlet.