All The Claims

1. An automatic identification system for printer recordable media, which can detect different recordable media with different load features to be printed by a printer, the system comprising:
a transport device for delivering the different recordable media;
a driving device, which is connected to the transport device and drives the transport device;
a photo encoder, which is configured on the transport device such that the photo encoder produces a position signal respectively of the different recordable media when the transport device delivers the different recordable media;
a photosensor, which is connected to the photo encoder and detects the position signals; and
a processor, which receives and processes the position signals to thus identify the different recordable media.
2. The system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the driving device is a motor.
3. The system as claimed in claim 2, wherein the motor is rotated with a predetermined torque for a predetermined time, and the transport device delivers the different recordable media to different positions in accordance with the load features respectively of the different recordable media.
4. The system as claimed in claim 3, further comprising an amplifier, which is connected to the motor and outputs a control signal to rotate the motor with a predetermined speed for the predetermined time.
5. The system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the processor further comprises a position pulse counter to convert the position signals into digital position signals.
6. The system as claimed in claim 1, further comprising a photodetector, which is connected to the processor and produces a locating signal to the processor when the different recordable media reaching a predetermined position is detected.
7. The system as claimed in claim 1, further comprising a non-volatile memory, which is connected to the processor and records positions of the different recordable media when the motor is rotated with a predetermined torque for a predetermined time.
8. The system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the transport device further comprises a first roller and a second roller, and axes of the first roller and the second roller are parallel to each other.
9. The system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the different recordable media comprise an opaque record medium and a transparent recordable medium.

The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.

1. A method for video coding, comprising:
providing an indication in a syntax element, said indication indicative of a picture to be used as reference picture in decoding, and
providing an instruction in said syntax element, said instruction indicative of a reference picture list structure, said reference picture list to be used in decoding.
2. A method according to claim 1, further comprising:
providing at least one of said indication and said instruction in a picture parameter set for decoding, said picture parameter set being common to a number of picture slices to be decoded.
3. A method according to claim 1, comprising:
providing an idle reference picture list instruction in said syntax element, said idle reference picture list instruction indicative of an idle reference picture list structure, pictures in said idle reference picture list to be used as reference pictures in decoding of another picture than the current picture.
4. A method according to claim 3, comprising:
providing an identification of an algorithm to be used for adding and removing pictures from said idle reference picture list in case provision or transmission of said idle reference picture list can be at least partially omitted.
5. A method for decoding video data, comprising:
decoding from a bitstream an indication from a syntax element, said indication indicative of a picture to be used as reference picture in decoding,
decoding an instruction from said syntax element, said instruction indicative of a reference picture list structure, said reference picture list to be used in decoding, and
using said indication and said instruction in handling reference pictures in decoding of video data.
6. A method according to claim 5, comprising:
decoding an idle reference picture list instruction in a syntax element, said idle reference picture list instruction indicative of an idle reference picture list structure, pictures in said idle reference picture list to be used as reference pictures in decoding of another picture than the current picture.
7. A method according to claim 6, comprising:
decoding from a bitstream an identification of an algorithm to be used for adding and removing pictures from said idle reference picture list in case provision or transmission of said idle reference picture has been at least partially omitted.
8. An apparatus comprising a processor, memory including computer program code, the memory and the computer program code configured to, with the processor, cause the apparatus to perform at least the following:
provide an indication in a syntax element, said indication indicative of a picture to be used as reference picture in decoding, and
provide an instruction in said syntax element, said instruction indicative of a reference picture list structure, said reference picture list to be used in decoding.
9. An apparatus according to claim 8, further comprising computer program code configured to, with the processor, cause the apparatus to perform at least the following:
provide at least one of said indication and said instruction in a picture parameter set for decoding, said picture parameter set being common to a number of picture slices to be decoded.
10. An apparatus according to claim 8, further comprising computer program code configured to, with the processor, cause the apparatus to perform at least the following:
provide a idle reference picture list instruction in said syntax element, said idle reference picture list instruction indicative of an idle reference picture list structure, pictures in said idle reference picture list to be used as reference pictures in decoding of another picture than the current picture.
11. An apparatus according to claim 10, further comprising computer program code configured to, with the processor, cause the apparatus to perform at least the following:
provide an identification of an algorithm to be used for adding and removing pictures from said idle reference picture list in case provision or transmission of said idle reference picture list can be at least partially omitted.
12. An apparatus for decoding video data comprising a processor, memory including computer program code, the memory and the computer program code configured to, with the processor, cause the apparatus to perform at least the following:
decode from a bitstream an indication from a syntax element, said indication indicative of a picture to be used as reference picture in decoding,
decode an instruction from said syntax element, said instruction indicative of a reference picture list structure, said reference picture list to be used in decoding, and
use said indication and said instruction in handling reference pictures in decoding of video data.
13. An apparatus according to claim 12, wherein said instruction is indicative of a reference picture list structure that comprises an ordered list of reference pictures.
14. An apparatus according to claim 12, further comprising computer program code configured to, with the processor, cause the apparatus to perform at least the following:
decode an idle reference picture list instruction in a syntax element, said idle reference picture list instruction indicative of an idle reference picture list structure, pictures in said idle reference picture list to be used as reference pictures in decoding of another picture than the current picture.
15. An apparatus according to claim 14, further comprising computer program code configured to, with the processor, cause the apparatus to perform at least the following:
decode from a bitstream an identification of an algorithm to be used for adding and removing pictures from said idle reference picture list in case provision or transmission of said idle reference picture has been at least partially omitted.
16. An apparatus according to claim 14, wherein the apparatus is a transcoder element in a network.
17. A computer program product comprising computer program code embodied on a non-transitory computer-readable memory, said computer program code comprising:
a computer program code section for providing an indication in a syntax element, said indication indicative of a picture to be used as reference picture in decoding, and
a computer program code section for providing an instruction in said syntax element, said instruction indicative of a reference picture list structure, said reference picture list to be used in decoding.
18. A computer program product according to claim 17, said computer program code further comprising:
a computer program code section for providing an idle reference picture list instruction in a syntax element, said idle reference picture list instruction indicative of an idle reference picture list structure, pictures in said idle reference picture list to be used as reference pictures in decoding of another picture than the current picture.
19. A computer program product comprising computer program code embodied on a non-transitory computer-readable memory, said computer program code comprising:
a computer program code section for decoding from a bitstream an indication from a syntax element, said indication indicative of a picture to be used as reference picture in decoding,
a computer program code section for decoding an instruction from said syntax element, said instruction indicative of a reference picture list structure, said reference picture list to be used in decoding, and
a computer program code section for using said indication and said instruction in handling reference pictures in decoding of video data.
20. A computer program product according to claim 19, said computer program code further comprising:
a computer program code section for decoding an idle reference picture list instruction in a syntax element, said idle reference picture list instruction indicative of an idle reference picture list structure, pictures in said idle reference picture list to be used as reference pictures in decoding of another picture than the current picture.

1. A method implementable in a source device, wherein the source device is operable to provide, via a wireless channel, a video stream to a sink device for display by the sink device, the method comprising:
receiving, in the source device, link quality information indicative of at least one of (i) a condition of the wireless channel, or (ii) performance of communications between the source device and the sink device via the wireless channel;
determining, in the source device, a measure of network congestion based on the link quality information; and
based on the measure of network congestion, at least one of (i) skipping, in the source device, one or more, but not all, video frames of a plurality of video frames in the video stream, such that the one or more video frames are not provided to the sink device, (ii) reconfiguring, in the source device, a video encoder operating on the plurality of video frames, such that an output bit rate of the video encoder is changed, or (iii) changing, in the source device, a video format of the video stream.
2. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
based on the measure of network congestion, skipping one or more, but not all, video frames of the plurality of video frames in the video stream, such that the one or more video frames are not provided to the sink device.
3. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
based on the measure of network congestion, reconfiguring the video encoder operating on the plurality of video frames, such that the output bit rate of the video is changed.
4. The method of claim 3, wherein reconfiguring the video encoder includes increasing a quantization parameter of the video encoder.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein determining the measure of network congestion includes determining that the network has been congested for at least a threshold period of time.
6. The method of claim 5, further comprising:
in response to determining that the network has been congested for at least a threshold period of time, at least one of (i) reducing a refresh rate of the video stream, or (ii) reducing a resolution of the video stream.
7. The method of claim 6, wherein the at least one of (i) reducing a refresh rate of the video stream, or (ii) reducing a resolution of the video stream, includes causing one or more Real Time Streaming Protocol (RTSP) messages to be sent to the sink device, and wherein the one or more RTSP messages are messages used to renegotiate video format.
8. The method of claim 1, wherein receiving link quality information includes receiving information indicating at least one of (i) a number of packets dropped, (ii) a reason that one or more packets were dropped, or (iii) a current throughput.
9. The method of claim 1, wherein receiving the link quality information includes receiving, from a wireless local area network (WLAN) interface in the source device, the link quality information at one or more application processors that are (i) in the source device and (ii) external to the WLAN interface.
10. A source device operable to provide, via a wireless channel, a video stream to a sink device for display by the sink device, the source device comprising:
a wireless network interface configured to communicate with the sink device via the wireless channel;
a video encoder configured to encode video data of the video stream to generate compressed video data, wherein the compressed video data is generated at an output bit rate; and
one or more application processors configured to
receive, from the wireless network interface, link quality information indicative of at least one of (i) a condition of the wireless channel, or (ii) performance of communications between the source device and the sink device via the wireless channel,
determine a measure of network congestion based on the link quality information, and
based on the measure of network congestion, at least one of (i) skip one or more, but not all, video frames of a plurality of video frames in the video stream, such that the one or more video frames are not provided to the sink device, (ii) reconfigure a video encoder operating on the plurality of video frames, such that an output bit rate of the video encoder is changed, or (iii) change a video format of the video stream.
11. The source device of claim 10, wherein the one or more application processors are configured to:
based on the measure of network congestion, skip one or more, but not all, video frames of the plurality of video frames in the video stream such that the one or more video frames are not provided to the sink device.
12. The source device of claim 10, wherein the one or more application processors are configured to:
based on the measure of network congestion, reconfigure the video encoder to reduce the output bit rate.
13. The source device of claim 12, wherein the one or more application processors are configured to:
reconfigure the video encoder at least by increasing a quantization parameter of the video encoder.
14. The source device of claim 10, wherein the one or more application processors are configured to:
determine the measure of network congestion at least by determining whether the network has been congested for at least a threshold period of time; and
when the one or more application processors determine that the network has been congested for at least the threshold period of time, at least one of (i) reduce a refresh rate associated with the video stream, or (ii) reduce a resolution of the video stream.
15. The source device of claim 14, wherein the one or more application processors are configured to:
when the one or more application processors determine that the network has been congested for at least the threshold period of time, at least one of (i) reduce a refresh rate associated with the video stream, or (ii) reduce a resolution of the video stream, at least by causing one or more Real Time Streaming Protocol (RTSP) messages to be sent to the sink device, wherein the one or more RTSP messages are messages used to renegotiate video format.
16. The source device of claim 10, wherein the one or more application processors are configured to:
receive link quality information at least by receiving information indicating at least one of i) a number of packets dropped, ii) a reason that one or more packets were dropped, or iii) a current throughput.
17. A method implementable in a source device, wherein the source device is operable to provide, via a wireless network, a video stream to a sink device for display by the sink device, the method comprising:
receiving, in the source device, queue information indicative of a length of one or more queues, wherein the one or more queues hold video data corresponding to at least a portion of the video stream;
determining, in the source device and based on the queue information, that a queue length is above a threshold length, wherein the queue length is associated with at least one of the one or more queues; and
in response to determining that the queue length is above the threshold length, reducing a queue load by one or both of (i) causing, in the source device, some or all video data currently in at least one of the one or more queues to be dropped, and (ii) dropping, in the source device, video data not yet in any of the one or more queues.
18. The method of claim 17, wherein reducing the queue load includes:
in response to determining that the queue length is above the threshold length, dropping video data not yet in any of the one or more queues until a new Group of Pictures (GOP) begins.
19. The method of claim 17, wherein receiving queue information includes:
receiving, from a wireless local area network (WLAN) interface in the source device, queue information at one or more application processors that are (i) in the source device and (ii) external to the WLAN interface.
20. A source device operable to provide, via a wireless network, a video stream to a sink device for display by the sink device, the source device comprising:
a wireless network interface configured to communicate with the sink device via the wireless network, wherein the wireless network interface includes a queuing unit associated with one or more queues, wherein the one or more queues hold video data corresponding to at least a portion of the video stream; and
one or more application processors configured to
receive, from the wireless network interface, queue information indicative of a length of the one or more queues,
determine whether a queue length is above a threshold length, wherein the queue length is associated with at least one of the one or more queues, and
when the one or more application processors determine that the queue length is above the threshold length, reduce a queue load by one or both of (i) causing some or all video data currently in at least one of the one or more queues to be dropped, and (ii) dropping video data not yet in any of the one or more queues.
21. The source device of claim 20, wherein the one or more application processors are configured to reduce the queue load at least by:
when the one or more application processors determine that the queue length is above the threshold length, dropping video data not yet in any of the one or more queues until a new Group of Pictures (GOP) begins.

The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.

1. A method of managing routing paths in a content delivery network, the method comprising:
determining, according to a unicast routing protocol, a first link cost for a first routing path;
determining a second link cost for a second routing path, the second routing path comprising a first component comprising a link cost to a router that is part of a multicast group and a second component comprising a link cost for the multicast tree from the router;
determining an adjustment factor based on information received from the content delivery network;
applying the adjustment factor to the second link cost;
analysing the adjusted second link cost and the first link cost to determine an adjusted least cost path in the content delivery network; and
selectively outputting the adjusted second link cost to a routing database to influence routing in the content delivery network.
2. The method according to claim 1 wherein the first component of the second link cost comprises a link cost for a unicast path to a router through which passes a branch of the multicast tree.
3. The method according to claim 1 wherein the first component comprises the unicast link cost of the path to the closest router in the multicast tree.
4. The method according to claim 1 wherein the second component comprises a link cost for the multicast tree from the branch to a rendezvous point, source designated router or source.
5. The method according to claim 1 wherein the first routing path comprises the shortest path to the RP or source as determined according to a unicast routing protocol.
6. The method according to claim 1 wherein the adjustment factor is calculated based o a predictive model.
7. The method according to claim 1 wherein the information received from the content delivery network comprises availability andor capacity information for the second routing path.
8. The method according to claim 1 further comprising determining and adjusting a link cost for at least one further routing path and analysing the adjusted link cost for the further routing path to determine the least cost path in the content delivery network.
9. The method according to claim 1 wherein the information received from the content delivery network comprises traffic parameters made available on a per link basis.
10. The method according to claim 1 as dependent on claim 6 wherein the traffic information is input into a training database for use by the predictive model.
11. The method according to claim 1 as dependent on claim 6 wherein the predictive model includes a prediction of how long the service level agreement for the multicast session can be guaranteed on the link.
12. The method according to claim 1 further comprising setting a flag in the routing table to indicate that the stored link cost is an adjusted link cost.
13. The method according to claim 1 further comprising setting at least one bit in a JoinPrune message to indicate that the route has been determined according to the method of any preceding claim.
14. A computer program, computer program product, computer readable medium or logic arranged to implement the method according to claim 1.
15. Apparatus for managing routing paths in a content delivery network, the apparatus comprising:
means for determining a first link cost for a first routing path according to a unicast routing protocol;
means for determining a second link cost for a second routing path, the second routing path comprising a first component comprising a link cost to a router that is part of the multicast group and a second component comprising a link cost for the multicast tree from the router;
means for determining an adjustment factor for the second link cost based on information received from the content delivery network;
means for applying the adjustment factor to the second link cost;
means for analysing the adjusted second link cost and the first link cost to determine an adjusted least cost path in the content delivery network; and
means for selectively outputting the adjusted second link cost to a routing database to influence routing in the content delivery network.