All The Claims

1. A heat sink for cooling a semiconductor device, comprising:
plural base members, the base member being each in plate or block-shape, the base member each having paths shaped on one or both sides of surfaces thereof, and the base members being bonded to each other;
a coating layer of Au being onto the members; and
a bond layer of alloy containing at least 91 wt % of Au and at most 9 wt % of Sn, the bond layer being interposed between connecting regions at which a pair of the base members is bonded,
wherein the paths shaped on surfaces of the base members are connected to each other to form a communicating flow path for a cooling medium inside the bonded base members.
2. The heat sink according to claim 1, wherein the base members are made of at least one material selected from the group consisting of Cu, Cu\u2014W type alloy, Mo, Fe\u2014Ni\u2014Co type alloy, aluminum nitride and silicon carbide.
3. The heat sink according to claim 1, further comprising a semiconductor device, wherein the semiconductor device is one selected from the group consisting of a single laser emitter, a laser diode array having plural laser emitters aligned in an array form, various types of transistors, and an integrated circuit.
4. The heat sink according to claim 1, further comprising a coating layer of Ni being onto the base members, the coating layer of Ni being overlaid with the coating layer of Au.
5. A method for producing a heat sink for cooling a semiconductor device, comprising the steps of:
forming plural base members, the base member being each in plate or block-shape, the base member each having paths shaped on one or both sides of surfaces thereof, and the base member each having connecting regions on one or both sides of surfaces thereof;
coating a coating layer of Au onto the base members;
putting a solder of Sn or Au\u2014Sn alloy onto connecting regions, the connecting region being coated with the coating layer of Au;
assembling the base members together such that the base members are bonding to each other at the connecting region and the paths shaped on each of the surfaces of the base members form a communicating flow path for a cooling medium inside the bonded base members; and
heating to diffuse Sn from the solder of Sn or Au\u2014Sn alloy into the coating layer of Au, and to make a bond layer of alloy containing at least 91 wt % of Au and at most 9 wt % of Sn, the bond layer being interposed between connecting regions to which the base member each connects.
6. The method according to claim 5, further comprising a step of: coating a coating layer of Ni onto the base members, wherein the coating layer of Ni is overlaid with the coating layer of Au.
7. The method according to claim 5, wherein a solder of Sn or Au\u2014Sn alloy is in a form of sheet or in vapor phase, and the heating is performed at a temperature not lower than a liquidus line of the solder.
8. The method according to claim 5, further comprising the steps of:
making a coating layer of the solder of Sn or Au\u2014Sn alloy, when the solder of Sn or Au\u2014Sn alloy being put onto connecting regions, such that the coating layer of the solder of Sn or Au\u2014Sn alloy overlays the coating layer of Au; and
pressing a pair of the base members toward each other, when heating,
wherein the heating is performed at a temperature not lower than a liquidus line of the solder.
9. The method according to claim 5, further comprising the steps of:
pressing a pair of the base members toward each other, when heating,
wherein the heating is performed at a temperature of 280 to 600\xb0 C. for 1 to 120 minutes, and the pressing is performed at a pressure of 0.1-10 Mpa.

The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.

1. A method of driving an image display device, the image display device comprising:
a display panel configured to display an image; and
a diffractive element including:
a first substrate and a second substrate facing each other,
a first electrode layer disposed on the first substrate,
a second electrode layer formed on the second substrate, and
a liquid crystal layer interposed between the first substrate and the second substrate,

the method comprising:
operating the diffractive element in a 2D mode or a 3D mode so that the image of the display panel is perceived as a 2D image or a 3D image after passing through the diffractive element,
wherein the operating of the diffractive element in the 3D mode includes applying a common voltage to the second electrode layer and applying voltages to the first electrode layer wherein a polarity of the voltage applied to the first electrode layer of a first zone with respect to the common voltage is different from a polarity of the voltage applied to the first electrode layer of a second zone adjacent to the first zone with respect to the common voltage.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein:
operating the diffractive element in the 3D mode includes operating the diffractive element having further includes a plurality of unit lenses.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein:
each of the plurality of unit lenses operates as a Fresnel zone plate.
4. The method of claim 3, wherein:
each of the plurality of the unit lenses includes a plurality of the zones sequentially positioned to the outside about a center of the unit lens.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein:
the first electrode layer includes at least one first electrode and at least one second electrode.
6. The method of claim 5, wherein:
the liquid crystal layer includes liquid crystal molecules each having a director, and
the liquid crystal molecules are aligned so that a phase delay of light beams passing through the liquid crystal layer in each of the first and second zones changes in a step-wise fashion across each zone.
7. The method of claim 6, wherein:
each of the first and second zones includes one or more subzones corresponding to positions of the first and second electrodes, and the liquid crystal molecules are aligned for causing the same phase delay to the first electrodes or the second electrodes corresponding to the same subzones of the plurality of zones.
8. The method of claim 5, wherein:
the liquid crystal layer includes liquid crystal molecules each having a director, and
the liquid crystal molecules are aligned so that in each of the first and second zones, the liquid crystal molecule alignment changes across each zone in a step-wise fashion.
9. The method of claim 8, wherein:
the widths of the at least one first electrode and the at least one second electrode in each of the first and second zones increase across each zone.
10. The method of claim 8, wherein:
in each of the first and second zones, the at least one first electrode and the at least one second electrode are configured to receive voltages so that differences between the voltages applied to the at least one first electrode and the at least one second electrode and the common voltage gradually decrease across each zone.
11. The method of claim 10, wherein:
in the first electrode layer, a voltage difference dV between voltages applied to two electrodes adjacent to each other at the boundary of the first and second zones is set by a difference dVmax between a first voltage applied to an electrode of each zone positioned closest to an outer position with respect to the center of the unit lens and a second voltage applied to an electrode of each zone positioned closest to a position nearest the center of the unit lens, and an offset voltage Voffset which is a difference between the second voltage and the common voltage.
12. The method of claim 11, wherein:
in the first electrode layer, the voltage difference dV between voltages applied to the two electrodes adjacent to each other at the boundary of the zones satisfies
dV=dVmax+2Voffset.
13. The method of claim 10, wherein:
in the first electrode layer, a voltage difference dV between voltages applied to two electrodes adjacent to each other at the boundary of zones is set so that transmittance of a zone boundary portion becomes a predetermined value or less.
14. The method of claim 10, wherein:
an interval between two electrodes adjacent to each other at a boundary zone of the first and second zones and a cell gap are set so that transmittance of the zone boundary becomes a predetermined value or less.
15. The method of claim 5, wherein:
each of the first and second zones includes two first electrodes and two second electrodes on the fist electrodes, the two first and two second electrodes are insulated from each other.
16. The method of claim 5, wherein:
each of the first and second zones includes two first electrodes and one second electrodes on the two first electrodes, the one second electrodes is insulated from the two first electrodes or includes one first electrode and two second electrodes on the one first electrode, the two second electrodes are insulated from the first electrode.
17. The method of claim 16, wherein:
edges of a first electrode and a second electrode adjacent to each other do not overlap each other.
18. The method of claim 1. wherein:
operating the diffractive element in the 2D mode includes causing the diffractive element to transmit the image displayed on the display panel as it is.
19. The method of claim 18, wherein the image display device further comprises comprising:
an alignment layer configured to align liquid crystal molecules of the liquid crystal layer.
20. The method of claim 1, wherein:
the second electrode layer of the first zone is connected to the second electrode layer of the second zone.
21. The method of claim 1, wherein when the first electrode layer of the first zone is applied with a positive voltage with respect to the common voltage, the first electrode layer of the second zone is applied with a negative voltage with respect to the common voltage or the common voltage.

1. A testing system for testing a negative pressure wound therapy apparatus of the type including a wound dressing adapted for positioning over a wound and a negative pressure source, the testing system comprising:
a simulated wound having a housing and a wound cavity within the housing, the wound cavity having a shape and dimension representative of an actual wound type, and adapted to accommodate the wound dressing of the negative pressure wound therapy apparatus positioned there over;
a negative pressure conduit in fluid communication with the wound cavity and connectable to the negative pressure source of the negative pressure wound therapy apparatus;
at least one sensor adapted to record at least one parameter within the simulated wound;
an air leak model having a valve in fluid communication with the wound cavity, the valve being controllable to introduce atmospheric air to simulate an air leak within the wound cavity; and
an exudates model having an exudates bath disposed in fluid communication with the simulated wound.
2. The testing system according to claim 1 including a computer coupled to the at least one sensor for recording and analyzing data recorded by the at least one sensor to thereby providing an indication of functioning of the system.
3. The testing system according to claim 1 including a fluid source in fluid communication with the wound cavity for delivering fluid to the wound cavity to simulate presence of exudates.
4. The testing system according to claim 1 wherein the exudates bath is adapted to supply at least one of exudates and fluid to the simulated wound.
5. The testing system according to claim 4 wherein the wound cavity of the simulated wound is configured and dimensioned to simulate at least one of the following types of wounds: a small dry wound, a small wet wound, a large dry wound, a large wet wound, and a tunneling wound, wherein the wet and dry characteristics arc controlled by fluid or exudates flow from the exudates bath.
6. The testing system according to claim 4 including a container in fluid communication with the negative pressure conduit and the negative pressure source to collect fluids or exudates removed from the wound cavity.
7. The testing system according to claim 6 wherein the container includes a fill sensor configured to detect a volume of fluids or exudates collected within the container.
8. The testing system according to claim 1 including a peristaltic pump operably associated with the exudates bath to maintain pressure therein and to provide desired pressure conditions for simulation purposes.
9. The testing system according to claim 1 wherein the housing of the simulated wound is constructed from at least one of the following materials: polycarbonate, metals, and plastics.
10. The testing system according to claim 1 wherein the wound cavity of the simulated wound is configured to remain rigid under pressure.
11. The testing system according to claim 1 wherein the wound cavity of the simulated wound is configured to collapse in order to simulate flexibility of human tissue in a clinical setting.
12. The testing system according to claim 1 wherein the negative pressure conduit includes a control valve for enabling a user to control the negative pressure source.
13. The testing system according to claim 1 including a plurality of negative pressure sources, each pressure source having individual control valves interchangeably connected to the negative pressure conduit to perform various tests and evaluate efficiency of the plurality of negative pressure sources.
14. The testing system according to claim 1 wherein the at least one sensor includes an oxygen sensor, a pressure sensor, a light sensor, a humidity sensor, a temperature sensor, and a bacterial level indicator.
15. The testing system according to claim 1 wherein the valve of the air leak model is controlled automatically through a valve control circuit to maintain a preset user selected flow rate.
16. The testing system according to claim 1 including a user interface configured to enable a user to monitor and adjust testing parameters.

The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.

1. A fixing device for an oil cooler in a vehicle, in which the oil cooler is fixed in an oil cooler receiving element, characterized in that there is a latching connection between oil cooler receiving element and oil cooler.
2. The fixing device as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the latching connection comprises a latching means which is on the side of the oil cooler receiving element and engages in a latching receiving element on the side of the oil cooler.
3. The fixing device as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that the latching means and the latching receiving element form a clip connection, the clip connection being releasable in particular in a non-destructive manner.
4. The fixing device as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the latching connection is kept pretensioned in a desired position by an energy store.
5. The fixing device as claimed in claim 4, characterized in that the spring store is formed from a material tongue which is formed on the latching receiving element.
6. The fixing device as claimed in claim 4, characterized in that the spring store is divided in a dovetailed manner for additional alignment in a further direction.
7. The fixing device as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the oil cooler receiving element is of U-shaped design, with a respective latching connection being formed on both limbs of the U-shape.
8. The fixing device as claimed in claim 7, characterized in that the introduction of the oil cooler into the oil cooler receiving element results in the limbs of the U-shape spreading out, which is at least reduced with production of the latching connection.
9. The fixing device as claimed in claim 7, characterized in that, in the installation position of the oil cooler receiving element, the limbs are spaced apart vertically from one another and are preferably aligned in the longitudinal direction of the vehicle.
10. The fixing device as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the oil cooler receiving element is fixed on the vehicle side, with the fixings preferably being adjustable in position.
11. The fixing device as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the oil cooler receiving element is made of plastic.