All The Claims

What is claimed:

1. A packet engine for use in a node in a data network, comprising:
a packet switch;
a forwarding engine; and
a queuing processor;
where the queuing processor assigns individual packets to a flow queue by parsing a header appended by the forwarding engine.
2. The packet engine of claim 1, where flow queues are assigned to a plurality of subclasses, and each subclass is assigned to a plurality of classes.
3. The packet engine of claim 2, where the queuing processor services the queues in each class with a different priority weight, where the sum of the priority weights over all of the classes equals 1.
4. The packet engine of claim 2, where the queuing processor services the queues in each subclass with a different priority weight, where the sum of the priority weights over all of the subclasses equals 1.
5. The packet engine of claim 3 where the queuing processor services the queues in each subclass with a different priority weight, where the sum of the priority weights over all of the subclasses equals 1.
6. The packet engine of any of claims 2-5, where the queues are serviced in a weighted round robin manner.
7. The packet engine of claim 6, where the round robin manner defines unit quantities of data or unit quantities of time, and allocates more units to the higher priority weights according to a user defined algorithm.
8. A packet engine for use in a node in a data network, comprising:
a packet switch;
a forwarding engine; and
a queuing processor,
where the queuing processor assigns individual packets to a flow queue by parsing a header appended by the forwarding engine, and where said header is determined by reading user defined sets of bits in each packet.
9. The packet engine of claim 8, where flow queues are assigned to a plurality of subclasses, and each subclass is assigned to a plurality of classes.
10. The packet engine of claim 9, where the queuing processor services the queues in each class with a different priority weight, where the sum of the priority weights over all of the classes equals 1.
11. The packet engine of claim 9, where the queuing processor services the queues in each subclass with a different priority weight, where the sum of the priority weights over all of the subclasses equals 1.
12. The packet engine of claim 11 where the queuing processor services the queues in each subclass with a different priority weight, where the sum of the priority weights over all of the subclasses equals 1.
13. The packet engine of any of claims 9-12, where the queues are serviced in a weighted round robin manner.
14. The packet engine of claim 13, where the round robin manner defines unit quantities of data or unit quantities of time, and allocates more units to the higher priority weights according to a user defined algorithm.
15. A method of providing differentiated services in a data network comprising:
near immediate rerouting; and
organizing packet flow queues in multiple classes,
where each class has one or more subclasses.
16. The method of claim 15, where each class is assigned a different priority weight for service.
17. The method of claim 16, where within each class, each subclass is assigned a different priority weight for service.
18. The method of any of claims 16 or 17, where the queues are serviced in a weighted round robin manner, according to the assigned priority weights.
19. The method of claim 18, where a given queue can be dynamically assigned to a given class and subclass based upon user defined criteria.
20. The method of claim 18, where the round robin manner defines unit quantities of data or unit quantities of time, and allocates more units to the higher priority weights according to a user defined algorithm.
21. The method of claim 19, where said user defined criteria include the aggregate of the various customer defined differentiated service classes served by the data network.
22. The method of claim 15 where said class and subclass are determined by reading user defined sets of bits in each packet.
23. A packet engine for use in a node in a data network, comprising:
packet switching means;
packet routing means; and
packet queuing means;
where the packet queuing means assigns individual packets to a flow queue by parsing a header appended by the packet routing means.
24. A data network comprised of multiple nodes, each comprising the packet engine of any of claims 1, 8 or 23, or implementing the method of claim 15.
25. The packet engine of any of claims 2-5, or 9-12, where the functions of the packet switching means, routing means and queuing means do not impede the flow of packets through the node at the line rate.
26. The packet engine of claim 23, where the functions of the packet switch, forwarding engine and queuing processor do not impede the flow of packets through the node at the line rate.
27. The method of claim 15, where the provision of said differentiated services does not impede the flow of data through the network at line rates.

The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.

What is claimed is:

1. A gyro comprising:
a laser device for generating laser beams to be propagated circuitally in opposite directions, wherein an electric signal is taken out from said laser device;
the oscillation frequencies of the laser beams being different from each other when said laser device is held stationary.
2. A gyro according to claim 1, wherein said laser beams include a first laser beam propagating clockwise and a second laser beam propagating counterclockwise.
3. A gyro according to claim 1, wherein said laser beams have respective oscillation threshold values that are different from each other.
4. A gyro according to claim 1, wherein said laser beams have respective intensities that are different from each other.
5. A gyro according to claim 1, wherein said laser beams have respective oscillation wavelengths that are different from each other.
6. A gyro according to claim 1, wherein said laser beams have respective oscillation frequencies that are different from each other by not less than 100 Hz.
7. A gyro according to claim 1, wherein said laser beams have respective oscillation frequencies that are different from each other by not less than 1 kHz.
8. A gyro according to claim 1, wherein said laser beams have respective oscillation frequencies that are different from each other by not less than 10 kHz.
9. A gyro according to claim 1, wherein said laser device is a ring resonator type laser device.
10. A gyro according to claim 1, wherein the waveguide of said laser device has a ring-shaped profile.
11. A gyro according to claim 1, wherein the waveguide of said laser device has a ring-shaped profile and includes an asymmetrically tapered region.
12. A gyro according to claim 1, wherein the waveguide of said laser device has a ring-shaped profile and includes an asymmetrically tapered region arranged outside the ring-shaped profile.
13. A gyro according to claim 1, wherein the waveguide of said laser device has a ring-shaped profile and includes an asymmetrically tapered region arranged inside the ring-shaped profile.
14. A gyro according to claim 11, 12 or 13, wherein said tapered region includes a first tapered section where the optical waveguide is gradually broadened along the direction of propagation of the laser beams and a second tapered section where optical waveguide is gradually narrowed along the direction of propagation of the laser beams.
15. A gyro according to claim 14, wherein both said first tapered section and said second tapered section form an acute angle with the region of the optical waveguide having a constant width.
16. A gyro according to claim 1, wherein said laser device is a semiconductor laser.
17. A gyro according to claim 1, wherein said laser device has a quantum well structure.
18. A gyro according to claim 1, wherein said laser device is a gas laser.
19. A gyro according to claim 1, wherein said laser device has a total reflection plane along a lateral surface of the waveguide.
20. A gyro according to claim 1, wherein said laser device is driven with a constant current.
21. A gyro according to claim 1, wherein said laser device is driven with a constant voltage.
22. A gyro according to claim 1, wherein said electric signal changes with the rotation of said laser device.
23. A gyro according to claim 1, wherein said electric signal is a voltage signal.
24. A gyro according to claim 1, wherein said electric signal is a voltage signal applied to said laser device, a current signal flowing through said laser device or an impedance signal of said laser device.
25. A gyro according to claim 1, wherein a beat signal is detected as a function of the change of said electric signal.
26. A gyro according to claim 1, wherein the angular velocity and the sense of rotation are detected by detecting the change in the frequency of said electric signal.
27. A gyro according to claim 1, wherein said laser device is provided with an electric terminal for taking out said electric signal.
28. A gyro according to claim 1, wherein said electric signal is obtained by means of a photodetector arranged outside said laser device.
29. A gyro according to claim 1, wherein said electric signal is taken out to detect the angular velocity and the sense of rotation.
30. A gyro according to claim 1, wherein said gyro is an optical gyro.
31. A gyro according to claim 1, wherein said gyro can detect the direction of rotation.
32. A gyro according to claim 1, further comprising a frequencyvoltage converter circuit.
33. A gyro according to claim 1, further comprising a protection circuit.
34. A gyro comprising:
a laser device having an optical waveguide including an asymmetrically tapered region arranged at least in part thereof, wherein an electric signal is taken out from said laser device.
35. A gyro according to claim 34, wherein said tapered region is asymmetric relative to a plane perpendicular to the direction of propagation of said laser beams.
36. A gyro according to claim 34, wherein the waveguide of said laser device has a ring-shaped profile.
37. A gyro according to claim 34, wherein the waveguide of said laser device has a ring-shaped profile and includes an asymmetrically tapered region arranged outside the ring-shaped profile.
38. A gyro according to claim 34, wherein the waveguide of said laser device has a ring-shaped profile and includes an asymmetrically tapered region arranged inside the ring-shaped profile.
39. A gyro according to claim 34, wherein said laser device is a semiconductor laser.
40. A gyro according to claim 34, wherein said laser device generates a first laser beam propagating clockwise and a second laser beam propagating counterclockwise with their respective oscillation frequencies differed from each other.
41. A gyro according to claim 34, 37 or 38, wherein said tapered region includes a first tapered section where the optical waveguide is gradually broadened along the direction of propagation of the laser beams and a second tapered section where optical waveguide is gradually narrowed along the direction of propagation of the laser beams.
42. A gyro according to claim 41, wherein both said first tapered section and said second tapered section form an acute angle with the region of the optical waveguide having a constant width.
43. A gyro according to claim 34, wherein said electric signal is a voltage signal.
44. A gyro according to claim 34, wherein said electric signal is a voltage signal applied to said laser device, a current signal flowing through said laser device or an impedance signal of said laser device.
45. A gyro according to claim 34, wherein a beat signal is detected as a function of the change of said electric signal.
46. A gyro according to claim 34, wherein the angular velocity and the sense of rotation are detected by detecting the change in the frequency of said electric signal.
47. A gyro according to claim 34, wherein said laser device is provided with an electric terminal for taking out said electric signal.
48. A gyro according to claim 34, wherein said electric signal is obtained by means of a photodetector arranged outside said laser device.
49. A gyro according to claim 34, wherein said electric signal is taken out to detect the angular velocity and the sense of rotation.
50. A gyro according to claim 34, further comprising a frequencyvoltage converter circuit.
51. A gyro comprising:
a laser device for generating laser beams to be propagated circuitally in opposite directions; and
an electric signal detection means for taking out an electric signal from said laser device;
the oscillation frequencies of said laser beams being different from each other when said laser device is held stationary.
52. A gyro according to claim 51, wherein said laser device is a ring resonator type laser device.
53. A gyro according to claim 51, wherein the waveguide of said laser device has a ring-shaped profile and includes an asymmetrically tapered region.
54. A gyro according to claim 51, wherein the waveguide of said laser device has a ring-shaped profile and includes an asymmetrically tapered region arranged outside the ring-shaped profile.
55. A gyro according to claim 51, wherein the waveguide of said laser device has a ring-shape d profile and includes an asymmetrically tapered region arranged inside the ring-shaped profile.
56. A gyro according to claim 51, wherein said electric signal is a voltage signal.
57. A gyro according to claim 51, wherein said electric signal is a voltage signal applied to said laser device, a current signal flowing through said laser device or an impedance signal of said laser device.
58. A gyro according to claim 51, wherein said electric signal detection means includes an electric terminal.
59. A gyro according to claim 51, wherein said electric signal detection means is a voltage signal detection means.
60. A gyro according to claim 52, wherein said electric signal detection means includes a frequencyvoltage converter circuit.
61. A gyro according to claim 52, wherein said electric signal detection means includes a subtraction circuit.
62. A gyro according to claim 52, wherein said electric signal detection means includes a photodetector arranged outside said laser device.
63. A gyro comprising:
a laser device; and
a beat signal detection means;
said laser device having an optical waveguide including an asymmetrical tapered region arranged at least in part thereof.
64. A gyro according to claim 63, wherein the waveguide of said laser device has a ring-shaped profile and includes an asymmetrically tapered region arranged outside the ring-shaped profile.
65. A gyro according to claim 63, wherein the waveguide of said laser device has a ring-shaped profile and includes an asymmetrically tapered region arranged inside the ring-shaped profile.
66. A gyro according to claim 63, 64 or 65, wherein said tapered region includes a first tapered section where the optical waveguide is gradually broadened along the direction of propagation of the laser beams and a second tapered section where optical waveguide is gradually narrowed along the direction of propagation of the laser beams.
67. A gyro according to claim 66, wherein both said first tapered section and said second tapered section form an acute angle with the region of the optical waveguide having a constant width.
68. A gyro according to claim 63, wherein said beat signal detection means is a means for detecting said voltage signal.
69. A gyro according to claim 63, wherein said beat signal detection means detects a voltage signal applied to said laser device, a current signal flowing through said laser device or an impedance signal of said laser device.
70. A gyro according to claim 63, wherein said beat signal detection means includes an electric terminal for taking out said beat signal.
71. A gyro according to claim 63, wherein said beat signal detection means includes a photodetector arranged outside said laser device.
72. A gyro according to claim 63, wherein said beat signal detection means includes a frequencyvoltage converter circuit.
73. A gyro according to claim 63, wherein said electric signal detection means includes a subtraction circuit.
74. A gyro according to claim 63, wherein said beat signal detection means includes a protection circuit.
75. A gyro comprising:
a laser device for generating first and second laser beams; and
an optical detector for detecting the interfered light generated by interference of said first and second laser beams;
the oscillation frequencies of said first and second laser beams being different from each other when said laser device is held stationary.
76. A gyro according to claim 75, wherein the waveguide of said laser device has a ring-shaped profile and includes an asymmetrically tapered region arranged outside the ring-shaped profile.
77. A gyro according to claim 75, wherein the waveguide of said laser device has a ring-shaped profile and includes an asymmetrically tapered region arranged inside the ring-shaped profile.
78. A gyro according to claim 76 or 77, wherein said tapered region includes a first tapered section where the optical waveguide is gradually broadened along the direction of propagation of the laser beams and a second tapered section where optical waveguide is gradually narrowed along the direction of propagation of the laser beams.
79. A gyro according to claim 78, wherein both said first tapered section and said second tapered section form an acute angle with the region of the optical waveguide having a constant width.
80. A laser device comprising:
an optical waveguide including an asymmetrically tapered region projecting to the outside;
said tapered region including a first tapered region gradually broadening the optical waveguide along the direction of laser beam propagation and a second tapered region gradually narrowing the optical waveguide along the direction of laser beam propagation;
the angles defined respectively by said first and second tapered regions and the region of the optical waveguides showing a constant width may be acute.
81. A laser device according to claim 80, wherein the optical waveguide has a ring-shaped profile.
82. A laser device according to claim 80, wherein said laser device operates as a ring resonator.

1. An electric cutting device, comprising:
a housing, with a power supply unit disposed in a lower portion of the housing so as to provide power to a motor;
a motor, disposed in the housing and connected with a speed reduction gear set, wherein a transmission gear is connected with an output shaft of the speed reduction gear set and is engaged with a driving gear, and wherein a threaded rod is fixedly connected with the driving gear and a thread pattern of a front portion of the threaded rod is a mirror image to a thread pattern of a rear portion of the threaded rod;
an activation button, extending out of the housing and connected with a control circuit;
a control circuit, disposed in the housing and connected with the motor for activating the motor to rotate in a first direction or a secondreversed direction when receiving a signal from the activation button;
a separation plate, with a front end disposed between the front portion and the rear portion of the threaded rod;
a first assembly, threaded onto the rear portion of the threaded rod;
a second assembly, threaded onto the front portion of the threaded rod;
two supporting rods, pivotally connected with the first assembly;
two connecting rods, with a bent portion provided near a front portion of either connecting rod, wherein a rear end of the either connecting rod is connected with a front end of a corresponding supporting rod and the bent portion is pivotally connected with the second assembly; and
a cutting assembly, comprising a first cutting member and a second cutting member, wherein two blades of the cutting assembly extend out of the housing and a rear end of either cutting member is connected with a front end of a corresponding connecting rod.
2. The electric cutting device as in claim 1, wherein the power supply unit is a regular battery, a lithium battery or a power source outside of the electric cutting device.
3. The electric cutting device as in claim 1, wherein a space is provided in front of the speed reduction gear set so that the transmission gear and the driving gear is disposed in the space.
4. The electric cutting device as in claim 1, wherein a power switch extends out of the housing, and wherein the power switch is connected with the control circuit and is used to control whether power is fed to the control circuit.
5. The electric cutting device as in claim 1, wherein the driving gear has a gear ratio larger than that of the transmission gear.

The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.

1. A method to extract one or more organic compounds from an aqueous mixture, comprising contacting the aqueous mixture with an extraction liquid of Formula I, II or III:
wherein each R and R\u2032 is independently C3-C5 alkyl, and each R\u2033 is independently selected from C3-C5 alkyl and C3-C5 acyl,
to produce a biphasic composition;
and separating at least a portion of the extraction liquid phase from the aqueous phase to provide an extract solution comprising the organic compound.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the organic compound is a C2-C6 monohydric alcohol, a C2-C6 carboxylic acid, or a C2-C6 aldehyde or ketone.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the organic compound is selected from the group consisting of acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid, valeric acid, hexanoic acid, hydroxypropionic acid, hydroxybutyric acid, ethanol, propanol, isopropanol, 1-butanol, 2-butanol, isobutanol, t-butanol, 1-pentanol, 2-pentanol, 2-methyl-2-pentanol, 1-hexanol, 2-hexanol, and 2-methyl-2-pentanol.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the aqueous mixture is a fermentation broth or partially processed fermentation broth.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the organic compound is ethanol, acetic acid, 1-butanol, or isobutanol.
6. The method of claim 5, wherein the organic compound is acetic acid, and wherein the aqueous mixture has a pH of about 9 or less.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein the extraction liquid comprises a compound of Formula I.
8. The method of claim 7, wherein the extraction liquid is a compound of Formula I, and wherein all of the R groups are the same.
9. The method of claim 8, wherein the extraction liquid is diethylene glycol dibutyl ether (DEB).
10. The method of claim 8, wherein the extraction liquid is diethylene glycol diisobutyl ether.
11. The method of claim 1, wherein the extraction liquid comprises a compound of Formula II.
12. The method of claim 1, wherein the extraction liquid comprises a compound of Formula III.
13. The method of claim 12, wherein the extraction liquid comprises tripropionin.
14. The method of claim 1, wherein the organic compound is acetic acid, and wherein the acetic acid is extracted from the aqueous mixture with a distribution coefficient of about 0.5 to about 1.0.
15. The method of claim 1, wherein the organic compound is ethanol, and wherein the ethanol is extracted from the aqueous mixture with a distribution coefficient of about 0.8 to about 1.4.
16. The method of claim 1, wherein the organic compound is isobutanol, and wherein the isobutanol is extracted from the aqueous mixture with a distribution coefficient of about 2.3 to about 4.1.
17. The method of claim 1, wherein the organic compound is hydroxymethylfurfural.
18. The method of claim 17, wherein the hydroxymethylfurfural is extracted from the aqueous mixture with a distribution coefficient of about 0.4 to about 0.7.
19. The method of claim 1, wherein the organic compound is furfural.
20. The method of claim 19, wherein the furfural is extracted from the aqueous mixture with a distribution coefficient of about 0.8 to about 1.2.