1. A surveying method for measuring an object, wherein the object belongs to a group of known types of objects, and determining an object representing point corresponding to the type of the object, by a surveying instrument configured to measure distances and angles, and comprising a processor and a camera, the method comprising:
determining with the processor a series of points at the object by measuring distances and angles to the points in a defined angle area;
analyzing with the processor the spatial distribution of the points and, based thereon, identifying the type of the object and assigning relevant points lying on the object to a first group of points;
capturing an image of the object with the camera;
extracting a contour of the object from the image with the processor by use of an image processing method;
fitting with the processor at least one space curve to the object on the basis of the first group of points and the extracted contour; and
determining with the processor the coordinates of the object representing point from the fitted space curve,
wherein the series of points is split into at least a first group of relevant points presumably laying on the object and a second group of points by distances analysis andor software algorithms executed by the processor, and at least one fitted line is calculated, which corresponds to the first group of points.
2. A surveying method according to claim 1, furthermore comprising the steps of:
aiming the surveying instrument at the object; and
automatically executing the surveying method.
3. A surveying method according to claim 1, wherein the series of points is split into at least a first group of relevant points presumably laying on the object and a second group of points laying in the background, by distances analysis andor software algorithms with a Split-and-Marge andor a Ransac method, and at least one fitted line is calculated, which corresponds to the first group of points.
4. A surveying method according to claim 1, wherein the series of points is split into at least a first group of relevant points and a second group of relevant points by distances analysis andor software algorithms, in particular with a Split-and-Marge andor a Ransac method, and at least two fitted line are calculated, the one fitted line corresponding to the first group of points and the second fitted line corresponding to the second group of points.
5. A surveying method according to claim 1, wherein a plane is defined by the extracted contour and a point at the surveying instrument, and an object representing point is determined as an intersection point between the plane and the fitted line.
6. A surveying method according to claim 1, wherein two planes are defined by the one point at the surveying instrument and the extracted contour.
7. A surveying method according to claim 1, wherein two planes are defined by the one point at the surveying instrument and the extracted contour, wherein the object is a mast and the contour comprises two straight lines, and an object representing point is determined corresponding to the space curve between the two planes.
8. A surveying method according to claim 1, wherein an object representing point is determined as an intersection point between at least one plane, said plane being defined by the extracted contour and the surveying instrument, and two fitted lines.
9. A surveying method according to claim 1, wherein a base point, given by a projection of the object representing point in a defined direction onto a ground surface is derived by image processing or is determined by using a vertical distance A, said vertical distance A being entered manually or being derived from an additional measurement on a perpendicular pole.
10. A surveying method according to claim 1, wherein a base point, given by a projection of the object representing point in a defined direction onto a ground surface vertically downwards is derived by edge detection or is determined by using a vertical distance A, said vertical distance A being entered manually or being derived from an additional measurement on a perpendicular pole.
11. A surveying method according to claim 1, wherein the series of points is projected onto a plane to determine whether the points are located on a plane object or on a cylindrical object or are not located on an object.
12. A surveying method according to claim 1, wherein object defining values are determined, in particular a radius of a cylindrical object is calculated.
13. A surveying method according to claim 12, wherein a radius of a cylindrical object is calculated with the processor.
14. A surveying method according to claim 1, wherein the surveying instrument is a total station or a total station comprising a remote control with a display.
15. A surveying method according to claim 1, wherein the coordinate data of the object representing point refer to a local coordinate system defined by the surveying instrument.
16. A surveying method according to claim 1, wherein the series of points comprises between 5 to 100 points.
17. A surveying instrument comprising a distance measuring unit, an angle determination unit, a camera and the processor for executing the surveying method corresponding to claim 1, wherein the surveying method is automatically executed.
18. A total station comprising a distance measuring unit, an angle determination unit, a camera and the processor for executing the surveying method corresponding to claim 1, wherein the surveying method is automatically executed.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
What is claimed is:
1. A liquid crystal display device, comprising:
gate wiring and source wiring disposed in a lattice state;
a switching element provided on each lattice point;
a pixel electrode to be connected to a drain electrode of the switching element;
an auxiliary capacitance electrode which is formed in the same manufacturing process as the gate wiring and disposed in parallel with the gate wiring so as to form a storage capacitance which is serially connected to the pixel electrode; and
electrodes which are serially disposed at two different portions on an extension portion of the drain electrode of the switching element in an extending direction and connected to each other via a coupling portion in-between,
wherein:
at least one of the two electrodes which is disposed closer to the switching element is connected to the pixel electrode via a through hole formed in a layer insulating film, and
one of the two electrodes which is disposed more distant from the switching element than the other is stacked via the auxiliary capacitance electrode and an insulating film in-between so as to form the storage capacitance, whereas the electrode disposed closer to the switching element is stacked via an auxiliary capacitance electrode extension portion which is connected to the auxiliary capacitance electrode at an additional coupling portion, and the insulating film in-between so as to form an additional storage capacitance.
2. The liquid crystal display device as set forth in claim 1, wherein the distantly disposed electrode is further connected to the pixel electrode via another through hole formed in the layer insulating film in-between.
3. The liquid crystal display device as set forth in claim 1, wherein only the electrode disposed closer to the switching element is connected to the pixel electrode via the through hole formed in the layer insulating film in-between.
4. The liquid crystal display device as set forth in claim 1, wherein the coupling portion and the additional coupling portion are respectively made of thin lines.
5. The liquid crystal display device as set forth in claim 1, wherein the two electrodes are pad electrodes, respectively.
6. The liquid crystal display device as set forth in claim 1, wherein the switching element is a thin film transistor.
7. A liquid crystal display device, comprising:
gate wiring and source wiring disposed in a lattice state;
a switching element provided on each lattice point;
a pixel electrode to be connected to a drain electrode of the switching element;
an auxiliary capacitance electrode which is formed in the same manufacturing process as the gate wiring and disposed in parallel with the gate wiring so as to form a storage capacitance which is serially connected to the pixel electrode; and
electrodes which are disposed in parallel at two different portions on an extension portion of the drain electrode of the switching element in an extending direction and connected to each other via a coupling portion to connect with the drain electrode, and a branch coupling portion which branches off from the coupling portion in-between,
wherein:
the two electrodes are connected to the pixel electrodes via through holes which are respectively formed in a layer insulating film and stacked via the auxiliary capacitance electrode and insulating film so as to respectively form the storage capacitances.
8. The liquid crystal display device as set forth in claim 7, wherein the coupling portion and the branch coupling portion are respectively made of thin lines.
9. The liquid crystal display device as set forth in claim 7, wherein the two electrodes are pad electrodes, respectively.
10. The liquid crystal display device as set forth in claim 7, wherein the switching element is a thin film transistor.
11. A deficiency correcting method of a liquid crystal display device, the liquid crystal display device including: gate wiring and source wiring disposed in a lattice state; a switching element provided on each lattice point; a pixel electrode to be connected to a drain electrode of the switching element; and an auxiliary capacitance electrode which is formed in the same manufacturing process as the gate wiring and disposed in parallel with the gate wiring so as to form a storage capacitance which is serially connected to the pixel electrode,
the liquid crystal display device further including electrodes which are serially disposed at two different portions on an extension portion of the drain electrode of the switching element in an extending direction and connected to each other via a coupling portion in-between,
wherein:
at least one of the two electrodes which is disposed closer to the switching element is connected to the pixel electrode via a through hole formed in a layer insulating film, and
one of the two electrodes which is disposed more distant from the switching element than the other is stacked via the auxiliary capacitance electrode and an insulating film in-between so as to form the storage capacitance, whereas the electrode disposed closer to the switching element is stacked via an auxiliary capacitance electrode extension portion which is connected to the auxiliary capacitance electrode at an additional coupling portion, and the insulating film in-between so as to form an additional storage capacitance,
the method comprising the step of laser-cutting the coupling portion and the additional coupling portion off when a short circuit occurs either between the auxiliary capacitance electrode and the distantly disposed electrode or between the auxiliary capacitance electrode extension portion and the electrode disposed closer to the switching element.
12. The method as set forth in claim 11, in which the distantly disposed electrode is connected to the pixel electrode via another through hole formed in the layer insulating film in-between, comprising the step of electrically disconnecting the distantly disposed electrode from the pixel electrode when a short circuit occurs between the auxiliary capacitance electrode and the distantly disposed electrode.
13. The method as set forth in claim 11, wherein only the electrode disposed closer to the switching element is connected to the pixel electrode via the through hole formed in the layer insulating film in-between.
14. The method as set forth in claim 11, wherein the coupling portion and the additional coupling portion are respectively made of thin lines.
15. The method as set forth in claim 11, wherein the two electrodes are pad electrodes, respectively.
16. The method as set forth in claim 11, wherein the switching element is a thin film transistor.
17. A deficiency correcting method of a liquid crystal display device, the liquid crystal display device including: gate wiring and source wiring disposed in a lattice state; a switching element provided on each lattice point; a pixel electrode to be connected to a drain electrode of the switching element; and an auxiliary capacitance electrode which is formed in the same manufacturing process as the gate wiring and disposed in parallel with the gate wiring so as to form a storage capacitance which is serially connected to the pixel electrode,
the liquid crystal display device further including electrodes which are disposed in parallel at two different portions on an extension portion of the drain electrode of the switching element in an extending direction and connected to each other via a coupling portion to connect with the drain electrode, and a branch coupling portion which branches off from the coupling portion in-between,
wherein:
the two electrodes are connected to the pixel electrodes via through holes which are respectively formed in a layer insulating film and stacked via the auxiliary capacitance electrode and insulating film so as to respectively form the storage capacitances,
the method, when a short circuit occurs between either one of the two electrodes and the auxiliary capacitance electrode, comprising the steps of:
laser-cutting the coupling portion or branch coupling portion that is connected to the electrode on a short-circuited side off; and
electrically disconnecting the electrode on the short-circuited side from the pixel electrode.
18. The method as set forth in claim 17, wherein the coupling portion and the branch coupling portion are respectively made of thin lines.
19. The method as set forth in claim 17, wherein the two electrodes are pad electrodes, respectively.
20. The method as set forth in claim 17, wherein the switching element is a thin film transistor.
21. A deficiency correcting method of a liquid crystal display device, the liquid crystal display device including: gate wiring and source wiring disposed in a lattice state; a switching element provided on each lattice point; a pixel electrode to be connected to a drain electrode of the switching element; and an auxiliary capacitance electrode which is formed in the same manufacturing process as the gate wiring and disposed in parallel with the gate wiring so as to form a storage capacitance which is serially connected to the pixel electrode,
the liquid crystal display device further including electrodes which are serially disposed at two different portions on an extension portion of the drain electrode of the switching element in an extending direction and connected to each other via a coupling portion in-between,
wherein:
at least one of the two electrodes which is disposed closer to the switching element is connected to the pixel electrode via a through hole formed in a layer insulating film, and
one of the two electrodes which is disposed more distant from the switching element than the other is stacked via the auxiliary capacitance electrode and an insulating film in-between so as to form the storage capacitance, whereas the electrode disposed closer to the switching element is stacked via an auxiliary capacitance electrode extension portion which is connected to the auxiliary capacitance electrode at an additional coupling portion, and the insulating film in-between so as to form an additional storage capacitance,
the method comprising the step of laser-cutting the coupling portion and the additional coupling portion off when a short circuit occurs between the source wiring and the distantly disposed electrode.
22. The method as set forth in claim 21, in which the distantly disposed electrode is connected to the pixel electrode via another through hole formed in the layer insulating film in-between, comprising the step of electrically disconnecting the distantly disposed electrode from the pixel electrode when a short circuit occurs between the source wiring and the distantly disposed electrode.
23. The method as set forth in claim 21, wherein only the electrode disposed closer to the switching element is connected to the pixel electrode via the through hole formed in the layer insulating film in-between.
24. The method as set forth in claim 21, wherein the coupling portion and the additional coupling portion are respectively made of thin lines.
25. The method as set forth in claim 21, wherein the two electrodes are pad electrodes, respectively.
26. The method as set forth in claim 21, wherein the switching element is a thin film transistor.
27. A deficiency correcting method of a liquid crystal display device, the liquid crystal display device including: gate wiring and source wiring disposed in a lattice state; a switching element provided on each lattice point; a pixel electrode to be connected to a drain electrode of the switching element; and an auxiliary capacitance electrode which is formed in the same manufacturing process as the gate wiring and disposed in parallel with the gate wiring so as to form a storage capacitance which is serially connected to the pixel electrode,
the liquid crystal display device further including electrodes which are disposed in parallel at two different portions on an extension portion of the drain electrode of the switching element in an extending direction and connected to each other via a coupling portion to connect with the drain electrode, and a branch coupling portion which branches off from the coupling portion in-between,
wherein:
the two electrodes are connected to the pixel electrodes via through holes which are respectively formed in a layer insulating film and stacked via the auxiliary capacitance electrode and insulating film so as to respectively form the storage capacitances,
the method, when a short circuit occurs between either one of the two electrodes and the source wiring, comprising the steps of:
laser-cutting the coupling portion or branch coupling portion that is connected to the electrode on a short-circuited side off; and
electrically disconnecting the electrode on the short-circuited side from the pixel electrode.
28. The method as set forth in claim 27, wherein the coupling portion and the branch coupling portion are respectively made of thin lines.
29. The method as set forth in claim 27, wherein the two electrodes are pad electrodes, respectively.
30. The method as set forth in claim 27, wherein the switching element is a thin film transistor.