1. A method of adjusting an image to be displayed on a display having at least one defective sub-pixel:
(a) receiving an image;
(b) modifying said image with a filter based upon an optimization which reduces a perceptually relevant metric to reduce the appearance of said at least one defective sub-pixel; and
(c) displaying said image on said display.
2. The method of claim 1 wherein said filter is based upon an opponent color space.
3. The method of claim 2 wherein said filter is based upon a reduction of an error based metric.
4. The method of claim 3 wherein said filter is based upon an array of one-dimensional re-sampling filters.
5. The method of claim 1 wherein said metric models the contrast sensitivity function of the human visual system’s luminance response.
6. The method of claim 1 wherein said metric models the luminance sensitivity function of the human visual system’s chrominance response.
7. The method of claim 1 wherein said optimization is based upon a constrained optimization.
8. The method of claim 1 wherein said optimization is based upon a first resolution of a non-co-sited display and a second resolution of a co-sited display, where said second resolution is greater than said first resolution.
9. The method of claim 8 wherein said filter is consistent with the resolution of sub-pixels of said display.
10. The method of claim 1 wherein said optimization is based upon Lagrange constraints.
11. The method of claim 1 wherein said optimization is based upon a transform into an enhanced color space.
12. The method of claim 11 wherein said optimization is based upon a transform to a frequency based space.
13. The method of claim 12 wherein said optimization is based upon at least one perceptual weight function.
14. The method of claim 13 wherein said optimization is based upon a plurality of perceptual weight functions.
15. A method of adjusting an image to be displayed on a display having at least one defective sub-pixel:
(a) receiving an image;
(b) modifying said image to reduce the appearance of said at least one defective sub-pixel, wherein said display has a two dimensional sub-pixel pattern that has a pattern of different colored sub-pixels in the horizontal direction than the pattern of different colored sub-pixels in the vertical direction; and
(c) displaying said image on said display.
15. The method of claim 15 filter based upon an optimization which reduces a perceptually relevant metric.
16. A method of adjusting an image to be displayed on a display having at least one defective sub-pixel:
(a) receiving an image;
(b) modifying said image with a macro-pixel shift-invariant filter which reduces a perceptually relevant metric to reduce the appearance of said at least one defective sub-pixel; and
(c) displaying said image on said display.
17. The method of claim 16 wherein said filter is based upon an optimization which reduces a perceptually relevant metric.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. A manipulator for use in medical procedures comprising first and second actuator systems each including three or more powered actuators with each of the three or more powered actuators being arranged in series relative to the others, each powered actuator being capable of actuating a separate movement of at least a portion of the respective actuator system without any movement of the other actuator system; a body supported by the first and second actuator systems at first and second attachment points, respectively, such that the first and second actuator systems are capable of manipulating the body in five degrees of freedom; and a third actuator system having first and second ends, the first end attached to the body, wherein the second end is movable relative to the body with at least one degree of freedom without any movement of either the first or second actuator system.
2. A manipulator for use in medical procedures comprising first and second actuator systems each including three or more powered actuators, both the first and second actuator systems including first and second powered actuators arranged in series and a four-bar linkage arranged in series with the first and second powered actuators, the four-bar linkage being driven by a third powered actuator; and a body supported by the first and second actuator systems at first and second attachment points, respectively, such that the first and second actuator systems are capable of manipulating the body in five degrees of freedom.
3. A manipulator for use in medical procedures comprising first and second actuator systems each including three or more powered actuators, each powered actuator being capable of actuating a separate movement of at least a portion of the respective actuator system without any movement of the other actuator system; a body supported by the first and second actuator systems at first and second attachment points, respectively, such that the first and second actuator systems are capable of manipulating the body in five degrees of freedom wherein the first attachment point comprises a two degree of freedom joint and the second attachment point comprises a three degree of freedom joint; and a third actuator system having first and second ends, the first end attached to the body, wherein the second end is movable relative to the body with at least one degree of freedom without any movement of either the first or second actuator system.