1. A process for resolving a compound in racemic form comprising the following steps:
a) reacting a compound in racemic form with a resolving agent,
b) obtaining the formation of a diastereoisomeric complex of said resolving agent and an enantiomer of interest,
c) separating the enantiomer of interest from the obtained diastereoisomeric complex,
characterized in that
said resolving agent is a compound selected from the group consisting of:
i) a compound of Formula II
ii) a compound of Formula IV
wherein R1 is a C1-C3 alkyl;
A is a substituent selected from the group consisting of \u2014CH2\u2014, \u2014SO2 and \u2014C\u2550O,
p is 0 or 1, and
CR is a substituent selected from the group consisting of biphenyl and phenyl substituted with one or more halogens,
wherein the resolving agent and the compound in racemic form are in a molar ratio that is below or equal to 1:2 and wherein the compound in racemic form is an acid racemic mixture.
2. The process according to claim 1, wherein if CR is a phenyl substituted with one or more halogens, it is a phenyl disubstituted with chlorine.
3. The process according to claim 1, wherein the group CR is a substituent selected from the group consisting of
4. The process according to claim 3 wherein CR is a substituent selected from the group consisting of a, m, n, t and v.
5. The process according to claim 1, wherein the resolving agent is a compound 11) of Formula XIV
wherein R1 is a C1-C3 alkyl and CR is a substituent selected from the group consisting of biphenyl and phenyl substituted with one or more halogens.
6. The process according to claim 5, wherein the resolving agent is a compound selected from the group consisting of:
N-(1,1\u2032-biphenyl)-4-yl-2-methyl-1,2-ethylen-diamine (compound 5a); and
N-(1,1\u2032-biphenyl)-4-yl-3-methyl-1,2-butylen-diamine (compound 7a).
7. The process according to claim 1 wherein the resolving agent is a compound ii) of Formula XVI
wherein R1 is a C1-C3 alkyl and CR is a substituent selected from the group consisting of biphenyl and phenyl substituted with one or more halogens.
8. The process according to claim 7, wherein the resolving agent is a compound selected from the group consisting of:
N-(1,1\u2032-biphenyl)-4-ylmethyl-3-methyl-1,2-butylen-diamine (compound 8a); and
N-(1,1\u2032-biphenyl)-4-ylmethyl-2-methyl-1,2-ethylen-diamine (compound 6a).
9. The process according to claim 1 wherein the resolving agent is a compound of i) of formula:
wherein p is 0 or 1,
A, if any, is a moiety \u2014CH2\u2014 and
CR is a substituent selected from the group consisting of biphenyl and phenyl substituted with one or more halogens.
10. The process according to claim 9 wherein the resolving agent is a compound selected from the group consisting of
2-amino-N-(1,1\u2032-biphenyl)-4-yl-propionamide (compound 33a);
2-amino-N-(1,1\u2032-biphenyl)-2-yl-propionamide (compound 33b);
2-amino-N-(1,1\u2032-biphenyl)-4-ylmethyl-propionamide (compound 33c);
2-amino-N-(2,3-dichlorophenyl)-1-yl-propionamide (compound 33h);
2-amino-N-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)-1-yl-propionamide (compound 33i);
2-amino-N-(1,1\u2032-biphenyl)-3-yl-propionamide (compound 33l);
2-amino-N-(4-iodo-phenyl)-propionamide (compound 33m);
2-amino-N-(3-iodo-phenyl)-propionamide (compound 33n);
2-amino-N-(4-bromo-phenyl)-propionamide (compound 33t); and
2-amino-N-(3-bromo-phenyl)-propionamide (compound 33v).
11. The process according to claim 1, wherein the resolving agent i) is a compound 1 of formula
wherein p is 0 or 1,
A, if any, is a moiety \u2014CH2\u2014 and
CR is a substituent selected from the group consisting of biphenyl and phenyl substituted with one or more halogens.
12. The process according to claim 11, wherein the resolving agent is a compound selected from the group consisting of
2-amino-3-methyl-N-(1,1\u2032-biphenyl)-4-yl-butyramide (compound 1a)
2-amino-3-methyl-N-(1,1\u2032-biphenyl)-3-yl-butyramide (compound 11);
2-amino-3-methyl-N-(1,1\u2032-biphenyl)-4-ylmethyl-butyramide (compound 1a\u2032)
2-amino-3-methyl-N-(4-iodophenyl)-butyramide (compound 1m);
2-amino-3-methyl-N-(3-iodophenyl)-butyramide (compound 1n);
2-amino-3-methyl-N-(4-bromophenyl)-butyramide (compound 1t); and
2-amino-3-methyl-N-(3-iodophenyl)-butyramide (compound 1v).
13. The process according to claim 1, wherein the process provides for a step d) of recovery of the enantiomer not of interest.
14. The process according to claim 1, wherein the racemic compound to be resolved is 4-tetrahydrofurancarboxylic acid.
15. The process according to claim 14, wherein the resolving agent is the compound 2-amino-N-(1,1\u2032-biphenyl)-4-yl-propionamide (compound 33a).
16. The process according to claim 14 wherein the resolving agent is the compound 2-amino-N-(1,1\u2032-biphenyl)-4-ylmethyl-propionamide (compound 33c).
17. The process according to claim 1, wherein the racemic compound to be resolved is 2-vinyl-cyclopropane-1,1-dicarboxylic acid.
18. The process according to claim 17, wherein the enantiomer of interest is (D)-2-vinyl-cyclopropane-1,1-dicarboxylic acid and the enantiomer not of interest is (L)-2-vinyl-cyclopropane-1,1-dicarboxylic acid.
19. The process according to claim 17, wherein the resolving agent is (3-iodophenyl)-amide of pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid (compound 3n).
20. The process according to claim 1, wherein the racemic compound to be resolved is 3-(4-sost-phenyl)-2-cyano-2-methyl-propionic acid, where sost is selected from H and Br.
21. The process according to claim 20, wherein the enantiomer of interest is (L)-3-(4-sost-phenyl)-2-cyano-2-methyl-propionic acid and enantiomer not of interest is (D)-3-(4-sost-phenyl)-2-cyano-2-methyl-propionic acid, wherein sost is selected from H and Br.
22. The process according claim 20, wherein the resolving agent is the compound 2-amino-N-(1,1\u2032-biphenyl)-4-yl-propionamide (compound 33a).
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. A solar energy device comprising:
a first prism including a dichroic surface and a reflective surface opposite the dichroic surface;
a first solar cell positioned to receive light rays passing through the dichroic surface; and
a second solar cell positioned to receive light rays from the reflective surface.
2. The solar energy device of claim 1 further comprising:
a third solar cell; and
the first prism is positioned to receive light rays that pass through the third solar cell.
3. The solar energy device of claim 2 further comprising:
the first solar cell receives low energy light rays;
the second solar cell receives medium energy light rays; and
the third solar cell received medium energy light rays.
4. The solar energy device of claim 1, further comprising:
the first prism includes a front surface with negative optical power, and the reflective surface has positive optical power.
5. The solar energy device of claim 1 further comprising:
a lens with positive optical power configured to direct the light rays toward the first prism.
6. The solar energy device of claim 1 further comprising:
a stationary lens configured to direct the light rays toward the first prism.
7. The solar energy device of claim 1 further comprising:
a second reflective surface adjacent the dichroic surface.
8. The solar energy device of claim 1 further comprising:
the first prism is a parallelogram and the dichroic surface is oriented at an angle relative to the light rays.
9. The solar energy device of claim 1 further comprising:
a second prism adjacent to the first prism, the second prism is a right triangle with a hypotenuse that is adjacent to the dichroic surface of the first prism so that the light rays pass through the second prism to the first solar cell.
10. The solar energy device of claim 1 further comprising:
collecting surfaces of the first solar cell and the second solar cell are positioned in the same plane.
11. The solar energy device of claim 1 further comprising:
a first concentrator and a second concentrator,
the solar cells are positioned at a distance from the first and second prisms and receive corresponding light rays from the first and second prisms via the first and second concentrators.
12. A method comprising:
allowing a portion of sunlight at a selected wavelength to pass to a first solar cell through a dichroic surface in a prism; and
directing a remaining portion of the sunlight toward a second solar cell via a reflecting surface in the prism.
13. The method of claim 12 further comprising:
directing a remaining portion of the sunlight in a selected direction via a plurality of the reflecting surfaces in the prism.
14. The method of claim 12 further comprising:
collecting surfaces of the first solar cell and the second solar cell are positioned in the same plane.
15. The method of claim 12 further comprising:
the prism is positioned to receive the sunlight after it passes through a third solar cell.
16. The method of claim 12 further comprising:
the prism includes a front surface with negative optical power, and the reflective surface has positive optical power.
17. A solar energy system comprising:
a plurality of optical prisms;
a first plurality of solar cells configured to receive light rays from a dichroic surface in the optical prisms,
a second plurality of solar cells configured to receive light rays from a reflective surface in the optical prisms, collecting surfaces of the first and second plurality of solar cells are positioned in the same plane; and
a plurality of stationary optical lenses configured to direct the light rays to the optical prisms.
18. The solar energy system of claim 17, further comprising:
the optical prisms include a front surface with negative optical power, and the reflective surface has positive optical power.
19. The solar energy system of claim 17 further comprising:
the optical prisms include a second reflective surface adjacent the dichroic surface; and
the optical prisms have a parallelogram shape and the dichroic surface is oriented at an angle relative to the light rays.
20. The solar energy system of claim 17 further comprising:
a second plurality of prisms adjacent to the first prisms, the second prisms are shaped as a right triangle with a hypotenuse adjacent to the dichroic surface of the first prisms so that the light rays pass through the second prisms to the first solar cells.