1. A network system, comprising:
a management server; and
a group of apparatuses to be managed, said management server and said group of apparatuses to be managed being connected to each other through a network, wherein each apparatus to be managed constituting said group of apparatuses to be managed sends to said management server, operation information indicating its operating condition according to predetermined timing, and said management server monitors, on the basis of the operation information obtained from each apparatus to be managed, the amount of consumption of a resource with respect to a predetermined unit set for a user of the apparatus to be managed or the group of apparatuses to be managed, and dynamically controls the operating condition of the apparatus to be managed.
2. The network system according to claim 1, wherein said management server sets in advance an amount of use of the resource in each of said group of apparatuses to be managed, on the basis of a predetermined resource consumption target set with respect to the predetermined unit in said group of apparatuses to be managed or the user of the apparatus to be managed, and controls the operating condition of each apparatus to be managed so that the resource is consumed within the range of the set amount of use.
3. The network system according to claim 2, wherein said management server sets in advance the amount of use of the resource for a predetermined period or in a predetermined time period with respect to the predetermined unit in said group of apparatuses to be managed or the user of the apparatus to be managed.
4. The network system according to claim 1, wherein said management server computes a throttle value set for control of the amount of supply of the resource to each of said apparatuses to be managed, on the basis of control conditions set in advance and the operation information, and performs control so that the apparatus to be managed is in the operating condition corresponding to the throttle value.
5. The network system according to claim 1, wherein each of said group of apparatuses to be managed transmits the operation information to said management server at the time of startup and when its operating condition is changed.
6. A server which manages a group of apparatuses to be managed which are connected to said server through a network, said server comprising:
monitoring means for obtaining, from each apparatus to be managed constituting the group of apparatuses to be managed, operation information indicating the operating condition of the apparatus to be managed, and for monitoring, on the basis of the operation information, the amount of consumption of a resource with respect to a predetermined unit set for a user of the apparatus to be managed or the group of apparatuses to be managed; and
operating condition control means for issuing, on the basis of the result of monitoring by said monitoring means, a control command to dynamically control the operating condition of each apparatus to be managed.
7. The server according to claim 6, wherein said monitoring means compares an amount of use of the resource in each of said group of apparatuses to be managed, which amount is set on the basis of a predetermined resource consumption target with respect to the predetermined unit in said group of apparatuses to be managed or the user of the apparatus to be managed, with the operation information obtained from the apparatus to be managed thereby determining whether or not control by said operating condition control means should be performed.
8. The server according to claim 7, wherein said monitoring means determines whether or not control by said operating condition control means should be performed, on the basis of the amount of use of the resource in the apparatus to be managed, which amount is set for a predetermined period or with respect to a predetermined time period.
9. The server according to claim 6, wherein said operating condition control means computes a throttle value set for control of the amount of supply of the resource to each of said apparatuses to be managed, on the basis of control conditions set in advance and the operation information, and issues a control command such that the apparatus to be managed is in the operating condition corresponding to the throttle value.
10. A server which manages a group for apparatuses to be managed which are connected to said server through a network, said server comprising:
resource distribution means for setting an amount of use of a resource under a predetermined condition for each apparatus to be managed constituting the group of apparatuses to be managed; and
operating condition control means for obtaining from each apparatus to be managed operation information indicating the operating condition of the apparatus to be managed, and dynamically controlling the operating condition of the apparatus to be managed on the basis of the operation information and the setting made by said resource distribution means.
11. The server according to claim 10, wherein said resource distribution means sets an amount of use of the resource in each of said apparatuses to be managed, on the basis of a predetermined resource consumption target set with respect to the predetermined unit in said group of apparatuses to be managed or the user of the apparatus to be managed.
12. The server according to claim 10, wherein said resource distribution means sets the amount of use of the resource for a predetermined period or in a predetermined time period.
13. An apparatus management method of managing, by using a computer connected to a network, a group of apparatuses to be managed which are connected to the network, said method comprising the steps of:
setting an amount of use of a resource under a predetermined condition for each apparatus to be managed constituting the group of apparatuses to be managed, and storing information on the setting in predetermined storage means;
obtaining from the apparatus to be managed operation information indicating the operating condition of the apparatus to be managed, and monitoring, on the basis of the operation information, the amount of consumption of a resource with respect to a predetermined unit set for a user of the apparatus to be managed or the group of apparatuses to be managed; and
issuing, on the basis of the setting stored in the predetermined storage means and the result of said monitoring, a control command to dynamically control the operating condition of the apparatus to be managed.
14. A program by which a computer connected to a network is controlled to manage a group of apparatuses to be managed which are connected to the network, said program making the computer execute:
first processing for setting an amount of use of a resource under a predetermined condition for each apparatus to be managed constituting the group of apparatuses to be managed, and storing information on the setting in predetermined storage means;
second processing for obtaining from the apparatus to be managed operation information indicating the operating condition of the apparatus to be managed, and monitoring, on the basis of the operation information, the amount of consumption of a resource with respect to a predetermined unit set for a user of the apparatus to be managed or the group of apparatuses to be managed; and
third processing for issuing, on the basis of the setting stored in the predetermined storage means and the result of said monitoring, a control command to dynamically control the operating condition of the apparatus to be managed.
15. The program according to claim 14, wherein in said first processing an amount of use of the resource in each of said group of apparatuses to be managed is set on the basis of a predetermined resource consumption target set with respect to the predetermined unit in said group of apparatuses to be managed or the user of the apparatus to be managed.
16. The program according to claim 15, wherein in said first processing the amount of use of the resource is set for a predetermined period or in a predetermined time period.
17. The program according to claim 14, wherein in said third processing a throttle value set for control of the amount of supply of the resource to each of said apparatuses to be managed is computed on the basis of control conditions set in advance and the operation information, and a control command is issued such that the apparatus to be managed is in the operating condition corresponding to the throttle value.
18. A computer program product for instructing a processor to manage a group of apparatuses connected to a network, said computer program product comprising:
a computer readable medium;
first program instruction means for setting an amount of use of a resource under a predetermined condition for each apparatus to be managed constituting the group of apparatuses to be managed, and storing information on the setting in a predetermined storage means;
second program instruction means for obtaining from the apparatus to be managed operation information indicating the operating condition of the apparatus to be managed, and monitoring, on the basis of the operation information, the amount of consumption of a resource with respect to a predetermined unit set for a user of the apparatus to be managed or the group of apparatuses to be managed; and
third program instruction means for issuing, on the basis of the setting stored in said predetermined storage means and the result of said monitoring, a control command to dynamically control the operating condition of the apparatus to be managed; and wherein
all said program instruction means are recorded on said medium.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. A light-emitting device, comprising:
a multi-layer stack comprising III-V semiconductor materials including a light-generating region and a first layer supported by the light-generating region,
wherein a surface of the first layer is configured so that at least 45% of a total amount of light generated by the light-generating region emerges via the surface of the first layer, and
wherein the first layer has an edge which is at least one millimeter long.
2. The light-emitting device of claim 1, wherein the surface of the first layer includes a dielectric function that varies spatially according to a pattern.
3. The light-emitting device of claim 1, wherein the surface of the first layer is roughened.
4. The light-emitting device of claim 3, wherein the surface of the first layer is also patterned.
5. The light-emitting device of claim 1, wherein the edge is at least two millimeters long.
6. The light-emitting device of claim 1, wherein the edge is at least three millimeters long.
7. The light-emitting device of claim 1, wherein the first layer includes at least one additional edge which is at least one millimeter long.
8. The light-emitting device of claim 1, wherein at least 60% of a total amount of light generated by the light-generating region emerges from the light-emitting device via the surface of the first layer.
9. The light-emitting device of claim 1, wherein at least 70% of a total amount of light generated by the light-generating region emerges from the light-emitting device via the surface of the first layer.
10. The light-emitting device of claim 1, wherein the multi-layer stack of materials is supported by the layer of reflective material.
11. The light-emitting device of claim 1, further comprising a layer including phosphor disposed over the surface of the first layer.
12. The light-emitting device of claim 11, wherein the layer including phosphor is substantially uniformly disposed over the surface of the first layer.
13. The light-emitting device of claim 11, wherein sidewalls of the light-emitting device are substantially devoid of phosphor.
14. The light-emitting device of claim 11, wherein the layer including phosphor is a cover of the light-emitting device.
15. The light-emitting device of claim 11, further comprising a layer including a material that is substantially transparent to light that emerges from the light-emitting device, wherein the layer including the material that is substantially transparent is disposed adjacent the layer including phosphor.
16. The light-emitting device of claim 1, wherein the first layer comprises a layer of n-doped III-V semiconductor material, and the multi-layer stack further comprises a layer of p-doped III-V semiconductor material.
17. The light-emitting device of claim 16, wherein the III-V semiconductor material comprises GaN.
18. The light-emitting device of claim 1, further comprising a layer of reflective material capable of reflecting at least about 50% of light generated by the light-generating region that impinges on the layer of reflective material.
19. The light-emitting device of claim 1, further comprising electrical contacts configured to inject current into the light-emitting device.
20. The light-emitting device of claim 19, wherein the electrical contacts are configured to vertically inject electrical current into the light-emitting device.
21. The light-emitting device of claim 1, wherein the light-emitting device comprises a light-emitting diode.
22. A light-emitting device, comprising:
a multi-layer stack comprising inorganic materials including a light-generating region and a first layer supported by the light-generating region,
wherein a surface of the first layer is configured so that at least 45% of a total amount of light generated by the light-generating region emerges via the surface of the first layer, and
wherein the first layer has an edge which is at least one millimeter long.
23. A light-emitting device, comprising:
a multi-layer stack of materials including a light-generating region and a first layer supported by the light-generating region,
wherein a surface of the first layer is configured so that at least 45% of a total amount of light generated by the light-generating region emerges via the surface of the first layer, and
wherein the first layer has an edge which is at least one millimeter long.
24. A method of making a light-emitting device comprising:
providing a multi-layer stack comprising III-V semiconductor materials including a light-generating region and a first layer supported by the light-generating region;
configuring a surface of the first layer so that at least 45% of a total amount of light generated by the light-generating region emerges via the surface of the first layer; and
configuring the first layer so that an edge of the first layer is at least one millimeter long.
25. A method of making a light-emitting device comprising:
providing a multi-layer stack of materials including a light-generating region and a first layer supported by the light-generating region;
configuring a surface of the first layer so that at least 45% of a total amount of light generated by the light-generating region emerges via the surface of the first layer; and
configuring the first layer so that an edge of the first layer is at least one millimeter long.