1. A compound of Formula I
pharmaceutically acceptable salts, enantiomers or stereoisomers thereof, wherein
X is CH, S or N;
Y is CH, S or N;
L is SO, S(O)2 or (C1-C4)alkyl;
A is optionally substituted aryl, optionally substituted (C3-C6)cycloalkyl, optionally substituted heteroaryl, optionally substituted heterocyclyl or optionally substituted aryl-S(O)2 \u2014Z;
wherein Z is N(R5)2, optionally substituted (C1-C6)alkyl, optionally substituted (C3-C6)cycloalkyl or optionally substituted heterocyclyl;
R1, R2, R3 and R4 are independently H or (C1-C4)alkyl; and
R5 is independently H, (C1-C3)alkyl, (C3-C6)cycloalkyl, \u2014CO\u2014(C1-C6)alkyl, or \u2014CON(R1)2;
provided that X and Y are not both S, not both CH2 and not both N.
2. The compound of claim 1 wherein Xis CH.
3. The compound of claim 2 wherein Y is S.
4. The compound of claim 3 wherein L is S(O)2.
5. The compound of claim 4 wherein A is optionally substituted phenyl, optionally substituted naphthyl, optionally substituted (C3-C6)cycloalkyl or optionally substituted dihydrobenzofuranyl; and
R1, R2, R3 and R4 are independently H.
6. The compound of claim 5 wherein
A is optionally substituted phenyl, optionally substituted dihydrobenzofuranyl or optionally substituted cyclopropyl;
wherein the phenyl, the dihydrobenzofuranyl or the cyclopropyl is optionally substituted with one or more substituents independently selected from halogen, CN, OH, \u2014SO2\u2014(C1-C6)alkyl, \u2014SO2\u2014(C3-C6)cycloalkyl, \u2014O\u2014(C1-C4)alkyl and optionally substituted (C1-C6)alkyl.
7. The compound of claim 1 wherein X is S.
8. The compound of claim 7 wherein Y is CH.
9. The compound of claim 8 wherein L is S(O)2 or (C1-C4)alkyl.
10. The compound of claim 9 wherein A is optionally substituted aryl, optionally substituted heteroaryl or optionally substituted -aryl-S(O)2\u2014Z;
wherein Z is N(R5)2, optionally substituted (C1-C6)alkyl, optionally substituted (C3-C6)cycloalkyl or optionally substituted heterocyclyl; and
R5 is independently H, (C1-C3)alkyl, or (C3-C6)cycloalkyl, \u2014CO\u2014(C1-C6)alkyl, or \u2014CON(R1)2.
11. The compound of claim 10 wherein R2 and R3 are H.
12. The compound of claim 11 wherein A is optionally substituted isoxazolyl, optionally substituted naphthyl, optionally substituted phenyl, optionally substituted pyridinyl or optionally substituted phenyl-S(O)2\u2014Z;
wherein Z is CH3, \u2014N(CH3)2, \u2014N(CH3)cyclohexyl, optionally substituted morpholinyl or optionally substituted pyrrolidinyl.
13. The compound of claim 12 wherein A is optionally substituted by one or more substituents independently selected from halogen, CN, CH3, \u2014NH\u2014C(O)\u2014CH3, NHCON(CH3)2, CF3, \u2014S(O)2CH3, optionally substituted (C1-C4)alkyl, \u2014O\u2014(C1-C4)alkyl and pyrazolyl.
14. The compound of claim 13 wherein R1 is CH3 and R4 is CH3.
15. The compound of claim 13 wherein R1 is H and R4 is H or CH3.
16. The compound of claim 15 wherein L is CH2.
17. The compound of claim 16 wherein A is optionally substituted isoxazolyl, optionally substituted phenyl or optionally substituted -phenyl-S(O)2\u2014Z;
wherein Z is CH3, \u2014N(CH3)2, \u2014N(CH3)cyclohexyl or optionally substituted morpholinyl.
18. The compound of claim 15 wherein L is S(O)2.
19. The compound of claim 18 wherein A is optionally substituted naphthyl, optionally substituted phenyl, optionally substituted pyridinyl or optionally substituted -phenyl-S(O)2\u2014Z;
wherein Z is CH3, \u2014N(CH3)2, optionally substituted morpholinyl or optionally substituted pyrrolidinyl.
20. A method of treating a condition in a patient comprising administering a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of Formula I
pharmaceutically acceptable salts, enantiomers or stereoisomers thereof, wherein
X is CH, S or N;
Y is CH, S or N;
L is SO, S(O)2 or (C1-C4)alkyl;
A is optionally substituted aryl, optionally substituted (C3-C6)cycloalkyl, optionally substituted heteroaryl, optionally substituted heterocyclyl or optionally substituted -aryl-S(O)2\u2014Z;
wherein Z is N(R5)2, optionally substituted (C1-C6)alkyl, optionally substituted (C3-C6)cycloalkyl or optionally substituted heterocyclyl;
R1, R2, R3 and R4 are independently H or (C1-C4)alkyl; and
R5 is independently H, (C1-C3)alkyl, (C3-C6)cycloalkyl, \u2014CO\u2014(C1-C6)alkyl, or \u2014CON(R1)2;
provided that X and Y are not both S, not both CH2 and not both N;
to said patient in need thereof, wherein the condition is asthma, allergic asthma, allergic inflammation, rhinitis, allergic rhinitis or atopic dermatitis.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. An optical fiber comprising:
a hollow core region having a longitudinal axis, said core region configured to support and guide the propagation of signal light in a transverse core mode characterized by either a first polarization state, or a second orthogonal polarization state, or both, said core mode propagating in said core region in essentially the direction of said axis, and
a cladding region including a localized hollow waveguide region configured to support and guide the propagation of light in a transverse waveguide mode, said waveguide mode propagating in said waveguide region in a direction essentially parallel to said axis,
said core and waveguide regions being further configured so that (i) at least one of said core mode and said waveguide mode is birefringent, and (ii) at least one of said core mode polarization states is resonantly coupled to said waveguide mode,
wherein said core region includes a multiplicity of micro-defects disposed at or near the periphery thereof, said core region micro-defects being positioned in a non-rotationally symmetric pattern within the cross-section of said core region so that signal mode energy therein is distributed therein more along a first transverse axis than along a second orthogonal axis, and
wherein said waveguide region includes a multiplicity of micro-defects disposed at or near the periphery thereof, said waveguide region micro-defects being positioned in a non-rotationally symmetric pattern within the cross-section of said waveguide region so that mode energy therein is distributed therein more along said second orthogonal transverse axis than along said first transverse axis.
2. The fiber of claim 1, wherein said cladding region includes an inner cladding region surrounding said core region and an outer cladding region surrounding said inner cladding region, said waveguide region being located within said inner cladding region.
3. The fiber of claim 2, wherein said fiber comprises a bandgap fiber and said inner cladding region comprises a lattice structure.
4. The fiber of claim 1, wherein said fiber includes means for suppressing signal mode energy after it is resonantly coupled into said waveguide region.
5. The fiber of claim 1, wherein said core region and waveguide regions are configured so that one of said polarization states of said core region is resonantly coupled to said waveguide region but the orthogonal polarization state is not.
6. An optical fiber comprising:
a hollow core region having a longitudinal axis, said core region configured to support and guide the propagation of signal light in a transverse core mode characterized by either a first polarization state, a second orthogonal polarization state, or both, said core mode propagating in said core region in essentially the direction of said axis, and
a cladding region including a localized hollow waveguide region configured to support and guide the propagation of light in a transverse waveguide mode, characterized by either a first polarization state, a second orthogonal polarization state, or both, said waveguide mode propagating in said waveguide region in a direction essentially parallel to said axis,
said core and waveguide regions being further configured so that (i) in at least one of said regions, mode energy is distributed therein more along a first transverse axis than along a second orthogonal axis and (ii) said core mode first polarization states is resonantly coupled into said waveguide mode first polarization state,
wherein said core region includes a multiplicity of micro-defects disposed at or near the periphery thereof, said core region micro-defects being positioned in a non-rotationally symmetric pattern within the cross-section of said core region so that signal mode energy therein is distributed therein more along a first transverse axis than along a second orthogonal axis, and wherein said waveguide region includes a multiplicity of micro-defects disposed at or near the periphery thereof, said waveguide region micro-defects being positioned in a non-rotationally symmetric pattern within the cross-section of said waveguide region so that mode energy therein is distributed therein more along said second orthogonal transverse axis than along said first transverse axis,
wherein said cladding region includes an inner cladding region surrounding said core region and an outer cladding region surrounding said inner cladding region, said waveguide region being located within said inner cladding region, and
wherein fiber comprises a bandgap fiber and said inner cladding region comprises a lattice structure.