1. A membrane module for transferring a constituent to or from a fluid, said module comprising:
a) at least two flat sheet membrane elements, each element having an interior portion and an exterior portion; and
b) at least one primary manifold that is permanently attached to the membrane elements, wherein said primary manifold is in fluid connection with the interior portion of the membrane elements.
2. The membrane module of claim 1, further comprising a space between the membrane elements.
3. The membrane module of claim 2, wherein said primary manifold comprises means for delivering gas bubbles to the space between the membrane elements.
4. The membrane module of claim 3, wherein said bubbles range in size from about 0.5 mm to about 50 mm.
5. The membrane module of claim 4, wherein said bubbles range in size from about 1 mm to about 12 mm.
6. The membrane module of claim 2, wherein said primary manifold comprises at least one fluid flow channel that carries a fluid to or from the interior portion of the membrane elements.
7. The membrane module of claim 6, wherein said primary manifold further comprises a second flow channel that carries a fluid for delivery to the space between the membrane elements.
8. The membrane module of claim 7, wherein said fluid comprises a gas.
9. The membrane module of claim 3, wherein the primary manifold comprises perforations for receiving gas bubbles dispensed from below the membrane module and delivering said bubbles to the space between the membrane elements.
10. The membrane module of claim 9, wherein the primary manifold further comprises V-shaped or angled channels for collecting fine bubbles dispensed from below the membrane module and combining to form larger bubbles for delivery to the space between the membrane elements.
11. The membrane module of claim 3, said module comprising a second primary manifold that is positioned at the opposite end of the membrane elements, wherein said second primary manifold is in fluid connection with the interior portion of the membrane elements.
12. The membrane module of claim 1 1, wherein the second primary manifold is adapted to disperse the gas bubbles that are delivered between the membrane elements, thereby preventing said gas bubbles from collecting within said module.
13. The membrane module of claim 12, wherein the second primary manifold is perforated to allow the gas bubbles to disperse.
14. The membrane modules of claim 12, wherein the second primary manifold is beveled or angled to allow the gas bubbles to disperse.
15. The membrane module of claim 1, wherein said module further comprises a spacer that separates adjacent flat sheet elements.
16. The membrane module of claim 1, wherein said module further comprises at least one secondary manifold in fluid connection with at least one primary manifold.
17. The membrane module of claim 6, wherein said module further comprises a secondary manifold in fluid connection with said fluid flow channel of said primary manifold.
18. The membrane module of claim 1, wherein tension is applied to said membrane elements to aid in maintaining the spacing of said membrane elements.
19. A membrane cassette comprising at least two of the membrane modules of claim 1.
20. The membrane cassette of claim 19 further comprising a frame surrounding or supporting said membrane modules.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. A downhole tool comprising:
a housing enclosing at least a part of a sensor;
one or more coolant supply lines extending to the housing;
one or more coolant return lines extending to the housing;
one or more first channels, formed in the housing and connected to one of one or more coolant supply lines or one or more coolant return lines, for bypassing coolant past the at least a part of the sensor; and
one or more second channels, formed in the housing and connected between the one or more first channels and the other of the one or more coolant supply lines and the one or more coolant return lines in the housing, for conveying the coolant to pass over the at least a part of the sensor;
in which the one or more coolant supply lines and the one or more coolant return lines are positioned within coiled tubing.
2. A downhole tool, comprising:
a housing having a coiled tubing connector and defining a chamber terminating in an uphole direction by a ported plate;
a sensor having components within the chamber, the sensor being for monitoring a characteristic of a well; and
one or more coolant supply lines connected to the chamber.
3. The downhole tool of claim 2 in which the one or more coolant supply lines are connected to the ported plate.
4. The downhole tool of claim 2 further comprising one or more coolant return lines connected to the ported plate.
5-9. (canceled)
10. A downhole tool comprising:
a housing having a chamber defined by a downhole ported plate and an uphole ported plate in the housing;
a sensor having components within the chamber; and
one or more coolant supply lines extending between a coolant supply, located above ground in use, and one of the downhole ported plate or the uphole ported plate.
11. The downhole tool of claim 10 further comprising one or more coolant return lines extending between a coolant return located above ground in use and the other of the downhole ported plate or the uphole ported plate.
12-29. (canceled)
30. A position sensor comprising:
a housing;
a sensor having components within the housing, the sensor being for monitoring in use the location of a second well during drilling of the second well while the housing is in a first well;
one or more coolant supply lines extending to the components; and
one or more coolant return lines extending to the components.
31. The position sensor of claim 30 in which the components are within a chamber defined by the housing and connected to receive coolant from the one or more coolant supply lines through one or more ports in a downhole portion of the chamber.
32. The position sensor of claim 31 in which the downhole portion and an uphole portion of the chamber are each defined by a respective ported plate mounted within the housing.
33. The position sensor of claim 32 in which the components are mounted to one or both of the ported plate that defines the downhole portion of the chamber and the ported plate that defines the uphole portion of the chamber.
34. The position sensor of claim 30 in which the components are located within coiled tubing in one of a pair of horizontal wells used for heat assisted gravity drainage.
35. The position sensor of claim 34 in which the coiled tubing is coil in coil tubing.
36. The position sensor of claim 30 in which the components comprise a magnetometer.
37. The position sensor of claim 30 in which monitoring the location of the second well comprises monitoring the location of a drill string.
38-75. (canceled)
76. A downhole tool, comprising:
a production pump;
one or more coolant supply lines extending to the production pump; and
one or more coolant return lines extending from the production pump.
77. The downhole tool of claim 1 further comprising a temperature sensor connected to control fluid flow through the one or more coolant supply lines based on a temperature sensed by the temperature sensor.
78. The downhole tool of claim 77 in which the temperature sensor comprises a thermostat valve.
79. (canceled)