1. A color identifying apparatus for identifying a color of a reaction surface which has caused a color reaction with a gas to be specified, comprising:
a storage that, for every set of a plurality of referential color coordinates generated pixel by pixel from RGB bitmap images of a reaction surface which has caused a color reaction with a gas, stores pieces of reference data, which respectively represent both each coordinate on a chromaticity diagram and frequencies that depend on the numbers of the referential color coordinates corresponding to each one of the coordinates on the chromaticity diagram, and identification information for identifying the reaction surface;
an image capturing unit that captures an image of the reaction surface and generates RGB bitmap images of the reaction surface;
an arithmetic unit that generates a plurality of measured color coordinates pixel by pixel from the RGB bitmap images generated by said image capturing unit, generates measured data, which represents both each coordinate on the chromaticity diagram and frequencies that depend on the numbers of the measured color coordinates corresponding to each one of the coordinates on the chromaticity diagram, specifies one piece of the reference data which corresponds to said measured data by checking the measured data against each piece of the reference data, and specifies the identification information which is related to said identified piece of the reference data; and
an output unit that outputs the identification information specified by said arithmetic unit.
2. The color identifying apparatus according to claim 1, wherein said arithmetic unit specifies one piece of the reference data whose coordinates at a peak value of the frequencies most match those of said measured data, and specifies the identification information which is related to said identified piece of the reference data.
3. The color identifying apparatus according to claim 2, wherein said arithmetic unit calculates products of the frequencies at the same coordinates of the measured data and each piece of the reference data, adds the products, and specifies the identification information which is related to the piece of the reference data whose sum is the greatest.
4. The color identifying apparatus according to claim 1, wherein said storage stores a plurality of sets of pieces of reference brightness information generated from the RGB bitmap images of the reaction surface which has caused the color reaction with the gas, in association with each of the pieces of the reference data and the identification information; and
said arithmetic unit generates measured brightness information from the RGB bitmap images generated by said image capturing unit, and if there are a plurality of pieces of reference data corresponding to the measured data, said arithmetic unit specifies one piece of the reference brightness information which corresponds to the measured brightness information by checking each of the pieces of the reference brightness information related to the plurality of pieces of the reference data against the measured brightness information, and specifies the identification information which is related to the specified piece of the reference brightness information.
5. The color identifying apparatus according to claim 4, wherein if there are a plurality of pieces of the reference data corresponding to the measured data, said arithmetic unit calculates errors between each of the pieces of the reference brightness information related to the plurality of pieces of the reference data and the measured brightness information, specifies one piece of the reference brightness information, whose error is the smallest, as one piece of the reference brightness information which corresponds to the measured brightness information, and specifies the identification information which is related to the specified piece of the reference brightness information.
6. The color identifying apparatus according to claim 4, wherein said storage stores, as said reference data and said reference brightness information, measured data and measured brightness information that are generated by said arithmetic unit from the RGB bitmap images that are captured in advance by said image capturing unit of reaction surfaces which have caused color reactions with gases.
7. The color identifying apparatus according to claim 1, wherein said storage stores, as said reference data, measured data that are generated by said arithmetic unit from the RGB bitmap images that are captured in advance by said image capturing unit of reaction surfaces which have caused color reactions with gases.
8. The color identifying apparatus according to claim 1, wherein said identification information comprises information for identifying the gas which has chemically reacted with the reaction surface.
9. A color identifying apparatus for identifying a color of a reaction surface which has caused a color reaction with a gas to be specified, comprising:
storage means, for every set of a plurality of referential color coordinates generated pixel by pixel from RGB bitmap images of a reaction surface which has caused a color reaction with a gas, for storing pieces of reference data, which respectively represent both each coordinate on a chromaticity diagram and frequencies that depend on the numbers of the referential color coordinates corresponding to each one of the coordinates on the chromaticity diagram, and identification information for identifying the reaction surface;
image capturing means for capturing an image of the reaction surface and generating RGB bitmap images of the reaction surface;
arithmetic means for generating a plurality of measured color coordinates pixel by pixel from the RGB bitmap images generated by said image capturing means, generating measured data, which represents both each coordinate on the chromaticity diagram and frequencies that depend on the numbers of the measured color coordinates corresponding to each one of the coordinates on the chromaticity diagram, specifying one piece of the reference data which corresponds to said measured data by checking the measured data against each piece of the reference data, and specifying the identification information which is related to said identified piece of the reference data; and
output means for outputting the identification information specified by said arithmetic means.
10. A color identifying method adapted to be carried out by a color identifying apparatus including a storage, for identifying the color of a reaction surface which has caused a color reaction with a gas to be specified, comprising:
storing, in said storage, for every set of a plurality of referential color coordinates generated pixel by pixel from RGB bitmap images of a reaction surface which has caused a color reaction with a gas, pieces of reference data, which respectively represent both each coordinate on a chromaticity diagram and frequencies that depend on the numbers of the referential color coordinates corresponding to each one of the coordinates on the chromaticity diagram, and identification information for identifying the reaction surface;
generating RGB bitmap images of the reaction surface by capturing an image of the reaction surface;
generating a plurality of measured color coordinates pixel by pixel from the RGB bitmap images;
generating measured data which represents both each coordinate on the chromaticity diagram and frequencies that depend on the numbers of the measured color coordinates corresponding to each one of the coordinates on the chromaticity diagram;
specifying one piece of the reference data which corresponds to said measured data by checking the measured data against each piece of the reference data;
specifying the identification information which is related to said identified piece of the reference data; and
outputting the specified identification information.
11. The color identifying method according to claim 10, wherein said specifying one piece of the reference data comprises specifying the one piece of the reference data whose coordinates at a peak value of the frequencies most match those of said measured data.
12. The color identifying method according to claim 10, wherein said specifying one piece of the reference data comprises calculating products of the frequencies at the same coordinates of the measured data and each piece of the reference data, adding the products, and specifying the identification information which is related to the piece of the reference data whose sum is the greatest.
13. The color identifying method according to claim 10, wherein said storing comprises storing a plurality of sets of pieces of reference brightness information generated from the RGB bitmap images of the reaction surface which has caused the color reaction with the gas, in association with each of the pieces of the reference data and the identification information;
said color identifying method further comprising generating measured brightness information from the generated RGB bitmap images; and
wherein if there are a plurality of pieces of reference data corresponding to the measured data, said specifying the identification information comprises specifying one piece of the reference brightness information which corresponds to the measured brightness information by checking each of the pieces of the reference brightness information related to the plurality of pieces of the reference data against the measured brightness information, and specifying the identification information which is related to the specified piece of the reference brightness information.
14. The color identifying method according to claim 13, wherein said specifying the identification information comprises, if there are a plurality of pieces of reference data corresponding to the measured data, calculating errors between the measured brightness information and each of the pieces of the reference brightness information related to the plurality of pieces of the reference data, specifying one piece of the reference brightness information, whose error is the smallest, as one piece of the reference brightness information which corresponds to the measured brightness information, and specifying the identification information which is related to the specified piece of the reference brightness information.
15. The color identifying method according to claim 13, wherein said storing comprises storing, as said reference data and as said reference brightness information, measured data and measured brightness information that are generated by said color identifying apparatus in advance.
16. The color identifying method according to claim 10, wherein said storing comprises storing, as said reference data, measured data that are generated by said color identifying apparatus in advance.
17. The color identifying method according to claim 10, wherein said identification information comprises information for identifying the gas which has chemically reacted with the reaction surface.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. A method of inhibiting the generation of active thrombin on the surface of a cell within an atherosclerotic plaque within a mammal, the method comprising increasing the expression or activity of GRP78BiP, an ER resident calcium-binding protein in said cell by directly administering to said cell a polynucleotide operably linked to a promoter, wherein said polynucleotide encodes GRP78BiP, whereby said GRP78BiP is produced in said cell and the generation of active thrombin on the surface of said cell is inhibited.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein said cell is an endothelial cell.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein said cell is a smooth muscle cell.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein said cell is a macrophage.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein said cell is a monocyte.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein the increase in the expression or activity of said GRP78BiP within said cell results in a decrease in the level of tissue factor procoagulant activity on the surface of said cell.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein said polynucleotide is introduced into said cell using a viral vector.
8. The method of claim 7, wherein said viral vector is an adenoviral vector.
9. The method of claim 1, wherein said polynucleotide is introduced into said cell using a nonviral vector.
10. The method of claim 9, wherein said nonviral vector is introduced into said cell as naked DNA or using liposome-mediated transfection.